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Year 1610 (MDCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday ^[1] of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1610

January 7: Galileo.

January–June

• January 7 – Galileo Galilei discovers three of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter: Europa, Io and Callisto.
• January 13 – Galileo Galilei discovers the fourth Gailean moon of Jupiter: Ganymede.
• March 12 – Swedish troops under Jacob de la Gardie take Moscow.
• May 14 – Francois Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV of France.
• May 23 – Jamestown, Virginia: Acting as temporary Governor, Thomas Gates, along with John Rolfe, Ralph Hamor, Sir George Somers, and other survivors from the Sea Venture (wrecked at Bermuda) arrive at Jamestown; they find that 60 have survived the "starving time" (during winter), the fort palizadoes and gates have been torn down, and empty houses have been used for firewood, in fear of attacks by natives outside the fort area.
• May 24 – Jamestown, Virginia: The temporary Governor, Thomas Gates, issues The Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws.
• May 27 – Ravaillac is executed by being pulled apart by horses in the Place de Grève.
• June 4 – A Polish-Lithuanian army defeats a much larger Russian army at the Battle of Klushino.
• June 7 – Jamestown: Temporary Governor Gates decides to abandon Jamestown.
• June 8 – Jamestown: Temporary Governor Gates' convoy meets the ships of Governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr ("Delaware") at Mulberry Island.
• June 10 – Jamestown: The convoy of temporary Governor Gates and the ships of Governor Lord De La Warr land at Jamestown.
• June 22 – Arbella Stuart, pretender to the English throne, secretly marries William Seymour; both are later imprisoned for marrying without the king's permission.

July–December

Aug. 2: Hudson Bay.

• July 5 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
• August 2 – Henry Hudson sails into what it is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he has made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.
• August 9 – Jamestown: The English launch a major attack on the Paspahegh village, capturing and executing the native queen and her children, burning houses and chopping down the corn fields; the subsequent use of the term "Paspahegh" in documents refers to their former territory.
• August 21 – The Tuscans fight the Turks.
• October 10 – The Tuscans fight the Turks again.
• October 17 – Louis XIII of France is crowned.

Undated

• Johannes Fabricius is the first to observe sunspots by telescope.

Jamestown deaths.

• Poland captures Moscow, just to lose it again to Russian and Swedish troops.
• In Jamestown, Virginia, only 60 out of 500 settlers survive over winter.
• The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc.
• Bonham's Case is decided by Edward Coke, chief justice of England's Court of Common Pleas. Coke affirms the supremacy of the common law, which limits the power of Parliament as well as the king.
• By this year, the Portuguese colony of Brazil has either 400 mills producing 57,000 tons of sugar a year, or only 230 mills producing 14,000 tons of sugar a year; accepting either figure depends on which expert you believe is more accurate, according to Alfred W. Crosby Jr. on page 69 of his book The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. In any case, the incredible wealth the Portuguese acquire from selling sugar in Europe prompts the English and French to follow suit in this century.
• The Manchu tribal leader Nurhaci breaks his relations with the Ming Dynasty of China, then under the aloof and growingly negligent Wanli Emperor; Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of the Qing Dynasty that overthrow the short-lived Shun Dynasty in 1644 and the remnants of the Ming throne in 1662.

Births

• January 13 – Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1665)
• March 1 – John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
• March 4 – William Dobson, English portraitist and painter (d. 1646)
• April 1 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier and writer (d. 1703)
• April 22 – Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
• April 23 – Lettice Boyle, English noblewoman (d. 1657)
• May 18 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (d. 1664)
• July 14 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
• October 6 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier (d. 1690)
• October 19 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• December 9 – Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato (d. 1680)
• December 10 – Adriaen van Ostade, Dutch painter (d. 1685)
• December 12 – Saint Vasilije (d. 1671)
• December 15 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish artist (d. 1690)
• December 18 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, philologist and historian (d.1688)
• date unknown
  • Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop, Dutch astronomer and cartographer (d. 4 November 1682)
  • Reinhold Curicke, jurist and historian of Danzig (d. 1667)
  • Richard Deane, soldier, sailor, and regicide (d. 1653)
  • William Dobson, English portrait painter (d. 1646)
  • Huang Zongxi, Chinese political theorist, philosopher, writer, and soldier (d. 1695)
  • Jean de Labadie, French mystic (d. 1674)
  • Li Yu, Chinese writer (d. 1680)
  • Louis Maimbourg, French Jesuit and historian (d. 1686)
  • François-Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (d. 1683)
  • Pierre Mignard, French painter (d. 1695)
  • Philip Sherman, founder of Rhode Island (d. 1687)
  • Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish dramatist and historian (d. 1686)
• probable
  • Donald Cargill, Scottish Covenanter (d. 1681)
  • George Carteret, English Royalist statesman (d. 1680)
  • Jeremias de Dekker, Dutch poet (d. 1666)
  • Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (d. 1688)
  • Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor (d. 1661)

Deaths

• April 15 – Robert Parsons, English Jesuit priest (b. 1546)
• May 11 – Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit priest (b. 1552)
• May 14 – King Henry IV of France (assassinated) (b. 1553)
• May 19 – Thomas Sanchez, Spanish theologian (b. 1550)
• May 27 – François Ravaillac, French assassin of Henry IV of France (b. 1578)
• July – Richard Knolles, English historian (b. 1545)
• July 18 – Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (b. 1573)
• August 20 – Stanislaw Stadnicki, Polish nobleman (b. 1551)
• October 14 – Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)
• November 2 – Richard Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1544)
• November 17 – Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (b. 1518)
• December 3 – Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese soldier (b. 1548)
• December 11 – False Dmitry II, pretender to the Russian throne
• December 31 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (b. 1540)
• date unknown
  • Hasegawa Tohaku, Japanese painter (b. 1539)
  • Joachim Lubomirski, Polish nobleman
  • Barbara Tarnowska, Polish noblewoman (b. 1566)
• probable
  • Peter Bales, English calligraphist (b. 1547)
  • Girolamo Diruta, Italian organist (b. 1554)

Notes

From Wikiquote