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Year 1700 (MDCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Monday ^[1] of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar until February 28 [O.S. February 18, 1700] 1700, then 11 days ahead since March 1 [O.S. February 19, 1700] 1700.

Events of 1700

Jan. 26: Cascadia Earthquake / tsunami.

January–June

• January 1 (Julian) – Russia begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini) instead of since the Creation (Anno Mundi).
• January 26 – The Cascadia Earthquake, one of the largest earthquakes on record, ruptures the Cascadia subduction zone offshore from Vancouver Island to northern California, creating a tsunami logged in Japan and oral traditions of the American First Nations.
• February 12 – The Great Northern War begins with a joint invasion of Swedish territory in Germany and Latvia by Denmark and Poland/Saxony. Sweden has control of the Baltic Sea and holds territory that includes Finland, Estonia, Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge Sweden's power, an alliance is formed between Tsar Peter I of Russia, King Frederick IV of Denmark and Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristic Karl XII, known as the "Swedish Meteor".
• February 27 – The island of New Britain is discovered.
• March 1 (Gregorian) – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar.
• March 1 (Swedish), March 11 (Gregorian), February 29 (Julian) – The Swedish calendar is adopted.
• April – Fire destroys many buildings in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, including 2 in the palace complex.
• May 5 – Within a few days of John Dryden's death (1 May O.S.), his last written work (The Secular Masque) is performed as part of Vanbrugh's version of The Pilgrim.
• May 5 – William Penn begins monthly meetings for blacks advocating emancipation.
• May – In Rhode Island (American colony), Walter Clarke, former governor 1679–1686, becomes governor again for 14 more years.

July–December

November 20: Battle of Narva.

• summer – Karl XII counter-attacks his enemies by invading Denmark, assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke. The Danes are forced to surrender completely.
• late summer – A Russian army invades Estonia and besieges the town of Narva.
• November 20 – Battle of Narva in Estonia. Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Karl XII routs the huge Russian army at Narva.
• November 23 – Pope Clement XI succeeds Pope Innocent XII as the 243rd pope.
• December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Undated

• Louis XIV accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou, who becomes Philip V of Spain (to 1746), thus triggering the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701.
• Berlin Academy of Science established, largely through the influence of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
• Travel in England at the end of the 17th century is still done mainly on foot or sometimes on horseback. Carriages are virtually unknown except as a status symbol and other wheeled vehicles such as wagons and carts are little used except for local traffic. Packhorses or mules are the usual means of carrying goods. Heavy goods go by barge along the rivers or by sailing ship along the coast. Long distance travellers often rely on coastal voyages too. There has been a gradual introduction of "stage wagons" designed to carry passengers in stages with horses being changed at staging posts that are usually inns, the innkeeper doubling as a postmaster.
• The Vietnamese gain control of the entire Indochina Peninsula.

Piano.

• Mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, as a Spanish Roman Catholic mission.
• A fire destroys the larger part of Edinburgh, Scotland.
• An inventory made for the Medici family of Florence documents the first piano, invented by their instrument keeper Bartolommeo Cristofori.
• Lions became extinct in Libya around this date.
• One scholar observes that the entire military class of Japan is living "as in an inn, that is, consuming now and paying later" (approximate date).
• The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy – £3.9 million.

Births

• January 29 – Konstancja Czartoryska, Polish noblewoman (d. 1759)
• February 2 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German writer (d. 1766)
• February 9 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch mathematician (d. 1782)
• March 13 – Michel Blavet, French flutist (d. 1768)
• May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772)
• May 12 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)
• May 19 – José de Escandón, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770)
• May 26 – Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760)
• August 13 – Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)
• August 17 – Clemens August of Bavaria (d. 1761)
• September 11 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
• September 30 – Stanislaw Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)
• October 10 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor (d. 1759)
• November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770)
• November 28 – Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764)
• December 25 – Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751)
• date unknown
  • Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian opera singer (d. 1770)
  • Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1739)
  • Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish nobleman (d. 1772)
  • Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)

See also Category: 1700 births.

Deaths

• 7 January – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618)
• 21 January – Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort (b. 1629)
• 22 January – Jacob Balthasar Schutz, composer (b. 1660)
• 12 February – Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662)
• May – Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)
• 12 May – John Dryden, English poet and dramatist who was poet laureate (1670–1688). His works included the poem Annus Mirabilis (1667) and the tragedy All For Love (1678) (b. 1631)
• 15 May – John Hale, American witch hunter (b. 1636)
• 23 May – Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631)
• July – John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655)
• 29 July – William, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1689)
• 15 September – André Le Nôtre, French landscape gardener (b. 1613)
• 27 September – Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615)
• 16 October – Patriarch Adrian, Russian Orthodox Church leader (b. 1627)
• 1 November – Charles II of Spain (b. 1661)
• 25 November – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native born mayor of New York (b. 1643)
• date unknown
  • Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor (b. 1630)
  • Thomas Creech, English translator (b. 1659)
  • Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1616)
  • Henry Killigrew, English dramatist (b. 1613)
  • Louis Guittar, French pirate

See also Category: 1700 deaths.

Notes

From Wikiquote