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Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1819

• January 2 – The Panic of 1819 (the first major financial crisis in the United States) begins.
• January 17 – Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia.
• January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.
• January 29 – Sir Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.
• February 2 – The Supreme Court under John Marshall rules in favor of Dartmouth College in the famous Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.
• February 6 – A formal treaty between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles establishes a trading settlement in Singapore.
• February 15 – The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise).
• February 22 – Spain cedes Florida to the United States (see Adams-Onís Treaty).
• March 1 – The U.S. naval vessel USS Columbus is launched in Washington, DC.
• March 6 – McCulloch v. Maryland: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
• March 20 – Burlington Arcade opens in London.
• May 22 – The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.
• August 6 – Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
• August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia.
• August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of protesters in Manchester, UK, resulting in 11 deaths and over 400 injuries.
• September 20 – The Carlsbad Decree is issued throughout the German Confederation.
• December 14 – Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state.

Undated

• The 'Ai Noa Movement takes power in Hawaii.
• Serfdom is abolished in Livonia.
• The city of Fernandina of Jagua (later Cienfuegos City) is founded in Cuba.

Births

January–June

• January 6 – Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (d. 1886)
• February 8 – John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (d. 1900)
• February 11 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (d. 1890)
• February 14 – Joshua A. Norton, self-proclaimed "Emperor of these United States" (d. 1880)
• February 20 – Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
• February 22 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (d. 1891)
• March 3 – Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
• March 14 – Erik Edlund, Swedish physicist and meteorologist (d. 1888)
• March 31 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1901)
• April 4 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
• April 9 – Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer (d. 1892)
• April 11 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
• April 18 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (d. 1895)
• April 28 – Ezra Abbot, American Biblical scholar (d. 1884)
• May 5 – Stanisław Moniuszko, Polish composer (d. 1872)
• May 24 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1901)
• May 27 – Julia Ward Howe, American abolitionist and poet (d. 1910)
• May 31 – Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
• June 5 – John Couch Adams, English astronomer (d. 1892)
• June 10 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
• June 20 – Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (d. 1880)
• June 29 – Nicolae Bălcescu, Wallachian revolutionary (d. 1852)

July–December

• July 19 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• August 1
  • Richard Dadd, British painter (d. 1886)
  • Herman Melville, American novelist (d. 1891)
• August 13 – Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Irish mathematician and physicist (d. 1903)
• August 25 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (d. 1884)
• August 26 – Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria (d. 1861)
• September 7 – Thomas Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
• September 13 – Clara Schumann, German composer and pianist (d. 1896)
• September 22 – Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (d. 1897)
• October 16 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (d. 1886)
• October 20 – The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábi Faith (d. 1850)
• November 22 – George Eliot, British novelist (d. 1880)
• December 30 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (d. 1898)
• Felice Orsini, Italian revolutionary (d. 1858)

Deaths

January–June

• January 9 – Princess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of Württemberg (b. 1788)
• February 5 – Nikolai Nikolev, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1758)
• February 17 – Henry Constantine Jennings, British collector and gambler (b. 1731)
• February 25 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, poet (b. 1734)
• March – Nonosbawsut, Beothuk leader
• March 10 – Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher (b. 1743)
• April – Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1730)
• May 8 – Kamehameha I, King of Hawaii (b. 1738)
• May 22 – Hugh Williamson, American Founding Father (b. 1735)
• June 6 – Johann von Hiller, Austrian general (b. 1754)

July–December

• July 1 – Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (b. 1754)
• August 21 – Haim Farkhi, Jewish adviser to Ottoman Empire (assassinated) (b. 1760)
• August 23 – Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer (b. 1785)
• August 25 – James Watt, Scottish inventor (b. 1736)
• September 12 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)
• September 20 – Abbé Faria, hypnotist (b. 1746)
• October 13 – Imperial Concubine Chun of the Jiaqing Emperor of China
• December 5 – Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, German poet (b. 1750)
• December 19 – Sir Thomas Fremantle, English naval officer and politician (b. 1765)
• date unknown – Mariano Osorio, Governor of Chile (b. 1777)

From Wikiquote