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1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Table of contents

Events of 1906

January 31: Ecuador earthquake (8.6).

January–February

• January 22 – The SS Valencia strikes a reef off Vancouver Island, Canada, killing over 100 (officially 136) in the ensuing disaster.
• January 31 – An earthquake (8.6 on the Richter scale) strikes Ecuador.
• February 11 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos.

March–April

• March 10 – An explosion in a coal mine in Courrières, France kills 1,060.
• March 18 – Traian Vuia flies a self-propelled, heavier-than-air aircraft.
• April 7 – Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
• April 18 – The 1906 San Francisco earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.8) on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, California, USA, killing at least 3,000, with 225,000–300,000 left homeless, and $350 million in damages.
• April 23 – In Tsarist Russia, the Fundamental Laws are announced at the first state Duma.

The ruins of San Francisco following the April 18 earthquake and later fires

May–June

• May
  • Jack London's novel White Fang is serialized in The Outing Magazine.
• June 7 – The RMS Lusitania is launched in Glasgow. It is the world's largest ship.

July–August

• July 6 – The Second Geneva Convention meets.
• July 12 – Alfred Dreyfus is exonerated. He is reinstalled in the French Army on July 21, thus ending the Dreyfus Affair.
• August 16 – A magnitude 8.2 earthquake in Valparaíso, Chile leaves approximately 20,000 dead.
• August 22 – The first Victor Victrola, a phonographic record player, is manufactured.
• August 23 – Unable to control a rebellion Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma requests United States intervention. The subsequent provisional occupation administration lasts until 1909.

September–October

• September 11 – Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha to characterize the Non-Violence movement in South Africa.
• September 18 – A typhoon and tsunami kill an estimated 10,000 in Hong Kong.
• September 30 – The first Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is held, starting in Paris. The winning team, piloting the balloon United States, lands in Fylingdales, Yorkshire.
• October 1 – The Grand Duchy of Finland becomes the first nation to include the right of women to stand as candidates when it adopts universal suffrage.
• October 6 – The Majlis of Iran convenes for the first time.
• October 11 – A United States diplomatic crisis with Japan arises when the San Francisco public school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
• October 16 – Imposter Wilhelm Voigt impersonates a Prussian officer and takes over city hall in Köpenick for a short time.
• October 23 – An aeroplane of Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off at Bagatelle in France and flies 60 meters (200 feet). This is the first officially recorded powered flight in Europe..
• October 28 – The Union Minière du Haut Katanga, a Belgian mining trust, is created in the Congo.

November–December

• November 3 – SOS becomes an international distress signal.
• November 22 – Russian Prime Minister Peter Stolypin introduces agrarian reforms aimed at creating a large class of land-owning peasants.
• December 2 – HMS Dreadnought, the first all-big-gun warship, is commissioned.
• December 14 – The first German submarine, U-1, enters the German Imperial Navy.
• December 24 – Reginald Fessenden makes the first radio broadcast: a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech.
• December 26 – The world's first feature film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, is released.

Undated

• The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization for tuberculosis is first developed.
• Richard Oldham argues that the Earth has a molten interior.
• Construction begins on the current Great Mosque of Djenné.
• The Simplo Filler Pen company is founded, later to become the Montblanc Company.
• Algeciras Conference.
• A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals revolt in Persia. The shah is forced to grant a constitution and establish a national assembly, the Majlis.

Births

January–February

• January 11 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (d. 2008)
• January 13 – Zhou Youguang, Chinese linguist
• January 21 – Igor Moiseyev, Russian choreographer (d. 2007)
• January 22 – Robert E. Howard, American author (d. 1936)
• February 4
  • Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer (d. 1997)
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German religious leader and resistance leader (d. 1945)
• February 10 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (d. 1973)
• February 18 – Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician (d. 1980)
• February 22 – Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt, Danish actor (d. 1982)
• February 26 – Madeleine Carroll, British actress (d. 1987)
• February 28 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (d. 1947)

March–April

• March 1 – Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2000)
• March 6 – Victor Hasselblad, Swedish inventor and photographer (d. 1978)
• March 7 – Elmar Lipping, Estonian statesman and soldier (d. 1994)
• March 16 – Francisco Ayala, Spanish writer (d. 2009)
• March 19 – Adolf Eichmann, German war criminal (d. 1962)
• March 25 – A.J.P. Taylor, English historian (d. 1990)
• March 26 – Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player (d. 1981)
• March 31 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
• April 1 – Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer and airplane designer (d. 1989)
• April 9 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
• April 13 – Samuel Beckett, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1989)
• April 19 – Luis Alberti, Dominican Republic musician (d. 1976)
• April 22 – Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
• April 28
  • Kurt Gödel, Austrian logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics (d. 1978)
  • Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999)

May–June

• May 2 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-born American photographer (d. 1979)
• May 3 – Mary Astor, American actress and writer (d. 1987)
• May 6 – André Weil, French mathematician (d. 1998)
• May 8 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian director (d. 1977)
• May 11 – Jacqueline Cochran, American aviatrix (d. 1980)
• May 15 – Humberto Delgado, Portuguese general and politician (d. 1965)
• May 16 – Arturo Uslar-Pietri, Venezuelan writer (d. 2001)
• May 19 – Bruce Bennett, American athlete and actor (d. 2007)
• May 20 – Giuseppe Siri, Italilan Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1989)
• May 23 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (d. 1944)
• May 27 – Buddhadasa, Buddhist monk (d. 1993)
• May 29 – T. H. White, British writer (d. 1964)
• May 30 – Bruno Gröning, German faith healer (d. 1959)
• June 3 – Josephine Baker, American-born French entertainer (d. 1975)
• June 4 – Ivan Knunyants, Soviet chemist (d. 1990)
• June 6 – Max August Zorn, German-born American mathematician (d. 1993)
• June 12 – Sandro Penna, Italian poet (d. 1977)
• June 15 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian fascist (d. 1994)
• June 19 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-born British biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
• June 22
  • Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author and aviator (d. 2001)
  • Billy Wilder, Austrian-born American screenwriter, film director and producer (d. 2002)
• June 24 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist (d. 1986)
• June 28 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)

July–August

• July 1 – Estée Lauder, American cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 2004)
• July 2 – Hans Bethe, German-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• July 2 – Oleg Antonov, Soviet aircraft designer (d. 1984)
• July 3 – George Sanders, British actor (d. 1972)
• July 7 – William Feller, Croatian-born mathematician (d. 1970)
• July 7 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• July 11 – Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990)
• July 23 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1998)
• July 25 – José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (d. 1990)
• August 5 – Joan Hickson, British actress (d. 1998)
• August 14 – Horst P. Horst, German photographer (d. 1999)
• August 27 – Ed Gein, American serial killer (d. 1984)
• August 28 – John Betjeman, English poet (d. 1984)

September–October

• September 1
  • Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican politician and writer (d. 2002)
  • Franz Biebl, German composer (d. 2001)
  • Eleanor Burford, English writer (d. 1993)
• September 4 – Max Delbrück, German biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1981)
• September 6 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-born Argentine chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1987)
• September 8 – Andrei Kirilenko (politician), Soviet politician (d. 1990)
• September 25 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (d. 1975)
• October 6 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (d. 1984)
• October 9 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal (d. 2001)
• October 10 – Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan, Indian novelist (d. 2001)
• October 14
  • Imam Hassan al Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)
  • Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (d. 1975)
• October 23 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003)
• October 24 – Marie-Louise Von Motesiczky, Austrian painter (d. 1996)
• October 27 – Kazuo Ohno, Japanese dancer

November–December

• November 2 – Luchino Visconti, Italian theatre and cinema director and writer (d. 1976)
• November 5 – Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer (d. 2004)
• November 14 – Louise Brooks, American actress (d. 1985)
• November 16 – Henri Charrière, French author (d. 1973)
• November 17 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese industrialist (d. 1991)
• November 18
  • Klaus Mann, German writer (d. 1949)
  • George Wald, American scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)
• December 5 – Otto Preminger, Austrian-born American film director (d. 1986)
• December 6 – Ahn Eak-tae, Korean composer (d. 1965)
• December 9 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and naval officer (d. 1992)
• December 19 – Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet leader (d. 1982)
• December 24 – James Hadley Chase, English writer (d. 1985)
• December 25 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1988)
• December 26 – Imperio Argentina, Argentinian singer and actress (d. 2003)
• December 27 – Oscar Levant, American pianist, composer, author, comedian, and actor (d. 1972)

Deaths

January–June

• January 19 – Bartolomé Mitre President of Argentina (b. 1821)
• January 29 – King Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1818)
• February 13 – Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (b. 1866)
• February 27 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (b. 1834)
• March 13 – Susan B. Anthony, American civil rights and women's suffrage activist (b. 1820)
• March 19 – Victor Fatio, Swiss zoologist (b. 1838)
• March 29 – Slava Raskaj, Croatian painter (b. 1877)
• April 6 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (b. 1849)
• April 19 – Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
• April 19 – Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)
• May 14 – Carl Schurz, German revolutionary and American statesman (b. 1829)
• May 23 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright (b. 1828)
• June 17 – Harry Nelson Pillsbury, American chess champion (b. 1872)

July–December

• September 1 – Giuseppe Giacosa, Italian poet and librettist (b. 1847)
• September 5 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1844)
• October 8 – Adelaide Ristori, Italian actress (b. 1822)
• October 22 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (b. 1839)
• October 24 – Vladimir Stasov, Russian music critic (b. 1824)

Saint Petersburg Institutions Building (1905–06).

• December 7 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and activist, Nobel laureate (b. 1833)
• December 13 – Jan Gerard Palm, Dutch composer (b. 1831)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Sir Joseph John Thomson
• Chemistry – Henri Moissan
• Medicine – Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal
• Literature – Giosuè Carducci
• Peace – Theodore Roosevelt

Notes

External links

From Wikiquote