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1914 Atlantic hurricane season

Season summary map
First storm formed: September 14, 1914
Last storm dissipated: September 19, 1914
Strongest storm: #1 (by default) – 70 mph (110 km/h) – 1004 mbar [1] –
Total storms: 1 (record low)
Hurricanes: 0
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+): 0
Total fatalities: 0
Total damage: Unknown
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916

The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record, in which the season lasted for only 5 days. Although the season normally runs through June until the end of November, actual activity in the season was confined to the middle of September. The season produced one tropical storm that reached a peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h). The 1914 season is one of only two hurricane seasons on record that did not produce any hurricanes, the other being the 1907 season. Due to lack of satellite imagery or a reconnaissance aircraft, it is possible that there were two undetected storms in the Atlantic; both were declared extratropical. [2]

Contents

Storms

Tropical Storm One

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration September 14 – September 19
Intensity 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min), 1004 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave was indicated off the Florida coast on September 13 by Historical Weather Maps and the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set Project, though no gale-force winds were reported.[2] The system organized, and formed to the east of the Florida coast as a tropical storm on September 14. It slowly tracked westward, and reached its peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) on September 17, with a minimal pressure of 1004 mbar.[1][3] Soon after reaching its peak intensity, the storm made landfall in Georgia on September 17, and tracked westward through the Gulf Coast region of the United States. The storm weakened over land as it tracked west-southwestward and dissipated over Louisiana and Texas at around 1200 UTC of September 19.[4] COADS reported that Tropical Storm One had dissipated on September 20 while over land.[1]

Winds over the South Atlantic coast were at gale-force, with some higher wind gusts off the Georgia coast. The storm produced rain throughout the southeast Atlantic and Gulf Coast states. Miami, Florida reported rainfall of 1/8 of an inch, and Cape Canaveral reported rainfalls of over ½ inch on September 16.[1] On Wednesday, September 16, The Miami Herald reported that tides were high enough to flood the South Street Causeway near St. Augustine, Florida. Many dead grasses and marshes were blown throughout the city of Miami. No severe damage was reported in the area as a result of prior warnings to boatmen, and to coastal areas. [2]

The storm caused unknown damage outside of St. Augustine, Florida, and there were no reported fatalities. [4]

Other storms

The first of the two possible storms began as a baroclinic low, which formed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 28. The next day, a possible low-level center was forming and winds were reported of about 45 mph (70 km/h) from Pensacola. The storm disappeared on October 2 over land. The storm kept its baroclinic characteristics, classifying it as an extratropical storm. [2]

A second tropical storm may have formed on October 24 in the western Gulf of Mexico. Historical Weather Maps and Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set indicated that it may have been a separate center from a possible nearby tropical depression. The lowest pressure in the system found was 1004 mbar, but the peak winds were only 25 mph (40 km/h) due to lack of low pressure. On October 27, it degenerated into a tropical low pressure area off the Carolinas. Overall it remained extratropical.[2]

Timeline of events

Tropical Storm One Unnamed Extratropical Cyclone Unnumbered Tropical Depression Image:1914 ATL timeline.png 1914 ATL timeline.png

June

June 1
The Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.[5]

September

September 14
September 15
  • 8 a.m. EDT (1200 UTC) - Tropical Depression One strengthens into a tropical storm as it makes landfall in the Abaco Islands, Bahamas with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h).[1]
September 17
  • 3 a.m. EDT (0700 UTC) - Tropical Storm One makes landfall in northern Nassau County, Florida with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[2]
September 18
  • 10 a.m. CDT (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm One makes landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h).[1]
  • 1 p.m. CDT (1800 UTC) - Tropical Storm One weakens to a tropical depression.[1]
September 19
  • 1 a.m. CDT (0600 UTC) - Tropical Depression One dissipates over southern Louisiana.[1]

October

October 25
  • exact time unknown - A possible tropical depression forms in the Yucatán Channel, 55 mi (90 km) east-southeast of Cancún, Mexico.[2]
October 26

November

November 30
The Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.[5]

Accumulated cyclone energy

ACE (104 kt2) – Storm: Source
1 2.53 Tropical Storm One
Total=2.53

This season had the lowest ACE rating ever recorded. The only storm this season had an ACE of 2.53.[6] The ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane, multiplied by the length of time it existed for. However, it is possible that there could have been other short lived storms in the Atlantic hurricane season.[2]

See also

Tropical cyclones portal

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i HURDAT (2008). "Storm 1 Center Fixes". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/excelfiles_centerfix/191401.xls. Retrieved 2008-01-18.  
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i HURDAT (2008). "additional 1914/01 – REVISION". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html#1914_. Retrieved 2008-01-18.  
  3. ^ HURDAT (2008). "HURDAT Archive on Tropical Storm One". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1914_1. Retrieved 2008-01-18.  
  4. ^ a b Edward H. Bowie (1914). "1914 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). NOAA. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1914.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-18.  
  5. ^ a b Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html. Retrieved 2008-11-03.  
  6. ^ HURDAT (2008). "Accumulated Cyclone Energy list". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html. Retrieved 2008-01-18.  

Notes

  1. ^ The figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the National Hurricane Center's operational products for each storm. All other units are rounded to the nearest digit.

External links

1910–19 Atlantic hurricane seasons
Previous: 1909 · 1910 · 1911 · 1912 · 1913 · 1914 · 1915 · 1916 · 1917 · 1918 · 1919 · Next: 1920

Simple English

1914 Atlantic hurricane season
First storm started: September 14
Last storm ended: September 19
Strongest storm: Tropical Storm One - 1004 mbar, 70 mph winds
Number of storms: 1 (record low)
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) 0
Cost of damage: 0
People killed: 0
Nearest seasons

The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the shortest and least active hurricane season on record. This season had only one storm with two other possible storms. This season was also one of two to not have a hurricane with the other being 1907.

Tropical Storm One

Tropical storm (SSHS)
File:1914 Atlantic tropical storm
Duration September 14—September 19
Intensity 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min), 1004 mbar (hPa)

This system form as a tropical wave just to the east of Florida on September 13. It became a Tropical Depression on the 14th, the storm made landfall in Georgia with 70 mph winds. It moved westward and dissipated over Texas on the 19th.

  1. REDIRECT Template:1910–1919 Atlantic hurricane seasons

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