1945: Wikis

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the Homestead Grays were the Negro League world champs every year from 1937 through 1945?
the First cabinet Gerhardsen in 1945 featured the first female Norwegian Government minister, Kirsten Hansteen?
the race movie, a genre of films produced for black audiences and featuring black casts, was very popular among African Americans in the United States between 1915 and 1945?
the ceremony marking the Japanese surrender of Timor on 11 September 1945 was held aboard HMAS Moresby?
the history of nuclear weapons and the United States includes around 1,054 nuclear tests between 1945 and 1992?
the game between FC Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich on 23 April 1945 in the Gauliga Bayern, ending 3–2, was the last official football game played in Nazi Germany?
the 1945 Trial of the Sixteen helped the USSR consolidate its control over Poland?
in 1945, entrepreneur Leonard Shoen founded U-Haul, first American cargo trailer-rental company?
Charles Butler McVay III, commander of the USS Indianapolis, was blamed when it was lost at sea in 1945 and only finally exonerated by the United States Congress posthumously in 2000?
Austrian mathematician Wilhelm Wirtinger (1865–1945) showed how to compute the fundamental group of a knot?
French Army soldiers killed between 15,000 and 45,000 Algerian civilians in the Setif massacre of May 8, 1945, the same day as V-E day in Europe?
Labour's Alfred Dobbs was the shortest-serving post-war British Member of Parliament – just one day, before his death in 1945?
in 1945, Frederick C. Branch became the first African-American U.S. Marine Corps officer?
Bhulabhai Desai negotiated a secret power-sharing deal with Liaquat Ali Khan in 1945 that would have prevented the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan?
Air Marshal Sir Richard Gordon Wakeford flew Catalina flying boats in the Second World War, and was involved in the last sinking of a German U-boat on 8 May 1945?

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Categories: 1945

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Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar).

Contents:
Events of 1945 - Jan. ^. Feb. ^. March ^. April - May ^. June ^. July ^. Aug. - Sept. ^. Oct. ^. Nov. ^. Dec. - Undated ^. Ongoing Births Deaths Nobel prizes Ship events See also - Notes - External links

Events of 1945

(Below, some events of World War II have the "WW II" prefix.)

January

January 27: The Soviet Union liberates Auschwitz.

January – American troops cross the Siegfried Line into Belgium.
January 5 – The Australian Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland
January 7 – British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference at Zonhoven describing his supporting role at the Battle of the Bulge.
January 9 – World War II: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula-Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis.
January 17 – World War II: A Sovjet patrol arrests Raoul Wallenberg in Hungary.
January 19 – World War II: Adolf Hitler is responsible for the death of 6,000,000 jews and 4,000,000 orothodox catholics, largest mass killing to this date.
January 20 – World War II:
- The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw.
- The Holocaust: The evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp begins.
January 22 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated to an unprecedented 4th term as President of the United States. No president before, or since, has ever reached a third term in office.
January 23 – Hungary drops out of World War II, agreeing to an armistice with the Allies.
January 27 – The Holocaust – The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz and Birkenau death camps.
January 28 – World War II: Supplies begin to reach China over the newly reopened Burma Road.
January 30 – The Wilhelm Gustloff, with over 10,000 mainly civilian Germans from Gotenhafen (Gdynia) in the Gdansk Bay, is sunk by three torpedoes from the Soviet submarine S-13 in the Baltic Sea; 7,700 die.
January 30 – Raid at Cabanatuan: 121 American soldiers and 800 Filipino guerrillas free 813 American POWs from the Japanese-held camp at Cabanatuan City, Philippines.
January 31 – Eddie Slovik is executed by firing squad for desertion, the first American soldier since the American Civil War, and last to date to be executed for this offense.

February

The "Big Three" at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, February 2 1945.

During the Battle of Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines land on the island, February 19 1945.

February 2 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill leave to meet with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference.
February 3 – World War II – The Soviet Union agrees to enter the Pacific War against Japan, once hostilities against Germany are concluded.
- United States forces capture Manila, Philippines from the Japanese Imperial Army.
February 4 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin begin the Yalta Conference (ends February 11).
February 6 – French writer Robert Brasillach is executed for collaboration with the Germans.
February 7 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila.
February 9 – Walter Ulbricht becomes leader of the German Communists in Moscow.
February 10 – World War II: The SS General von Steuben is sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13.
February 13 – World War II:
- Soviet forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.
- The Royal Air Force bombs Dresden, Germany.
February 14 – Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
February 16 – WW II:
- American and Filipino ground forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines.
- Combined American and Filipino forces recapture the Bataan Peninsula.
February 19 – WW II – Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on Iwo Jima.
February 20 – 980 Japanese soldiers die as a result of a killing spree by long saltwater crocodiles that began on February 19 and ended on Feb 20 in Ramree, Burma.^[1]
February 21 – The last V-2-rocket is launched at Peenemünde.
February 23 – WW II:
- Battle of Iwo Jima: A group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag. The photo, Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (taken by Joe Rosenthal), later wins a Pulitzer Prize.
- The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, freed the captives of the Los Baños internment camp.
- The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined American and Filipino ground troops.
- The American and Filipino troops enter Intramuros, Manila.
- The German garrison in Poznań capitulates to Red Army and Polish troops.
February 24 – the Egyptian Premier Ahmad Mahir Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.

March

Anne Frank died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in early March 1945.

March – Anne Frank, dies in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Germany of typhus.
March 1 – Franklin D. Roosevelt gives what will be his last address to a joint session of Congress, reporting on the Yalta Conference.
March 2 – Former U.S. Vice-President Henry A. Wallace starts his term of office as U.S. Secretary of Commerce, serving under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
March 2 – The Bachem Ba 349 Natter is launched from Stetten am kalten Markt. The Natter is the first manned rocket, developed as anti-aircraft weapon. The launch fails and the pilot dies.^[2]
March 3 – WW II:
- Previously neutral Finland declares war on the Axis powers.
- A possible experimental atomic test blast occurs at the Nazis' Ohrdruf military testing area.
- The United States and Filipino troops take Manila, Philippines.
March 4 – In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army as a driver.
March 6 – A Communist-led government is formed in Romania.
March 7 – WW II: American troops seize the bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.
March 8 – Josip Broz Tito forms a government in Yugoslavia.
March 9–10 – WW II: American B-29 bombers attack Japan with incendiary bombs; Tokyo is fire-bombed killing 100,000 citizens.
March 15 – The 17th Academy Awards ceremony is held, broadcast via radio for the first time. Best Picture goes to Going My Way.
March 16 – WW II: The Battle of Iwo Jima unofficially ends, with small pockets of guerrilla resistance persisting past the official conclusion of the battle.
March 17 – WW II: Kobe, Japan is fire-bombed by 331 B-29 bombers, killing over 8,000 people.
March 18 – WW II: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
March 19 – WW II:
- Adolf Hitler orders that all industries, military installations, machine shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
- Off the coast of Japan, bombers hit the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, killing about 800 of her crewmen and crippling the ship.
March 21 – WW II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.
March 22 – The Arab League is formed with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt.
March 24
- WW II – Operation Varsity: Two airborne divisions capture bridges across the Rhine River to aid the Allied advance.
- Sylvester the cat, a cartoon character, debuts in Life with Feathers
March 26 – WW II: The Battle of Iwo Jima officially ends, with the mopping up of the remaining areas of Japansese resistance.
March 29 – The "Clash of Titans": George Mikan and Bob Kurland duel at Madison Square Garden. OSU defeats DePaul 52–44.
March 30 – WW II:
- Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna.
- Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the Western betrayal at the Yalta Conference.

April

The Japanese battleship Yamato explodes after persistent attacks from U.S. aircraft during the Battle of Okinawa, 7 April 1945.

Adolf Hitler, along with his wife Eva Braun, committed suicide on 30 April 1945.

April 1 – WW II – Battle of Okinawa: United States troops land on Okinawa.
April 4 – WW II: American troops liberate their first Nazi concentration camp, Ohrdruf death camp in Germany.
April 7 – WW II:
- The only flight of the German ramming unit known as the Sonderkommando Elbe takes place, resulting in the loss of some 24 B-17s and B-24s of the United States Eighth Air Force.
- The Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk 200 miles (320 km) north of Okinawa while enroute on a suicide mission.
- Visoko is liberated by the 7th, 9th and 17th Krajina Brigades from the Tenth Division of Yugoslav Partisan forces.
- Kantarō Suzuki becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
April 9 – Abwehr conspirators Wilhelm Canaris, Hans Oster and Hans Dohanyi are hanged at Flossenberg concentration camp, along with pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
April 9 – WW II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
April 10 – The Allied Forces liberate the Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald.
April 12 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945) dies suddenly at Warm Springs, Georgia; Vice President Harry S. Truman (1945–1953) becomes the 33rd President.
April 15 – The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
April 16 – WW II: The Goya is sunk by the Soviet submarine L-3.
April 17 – Brazilian forces liberate the town of Montese, Italy, from German forces.
April 18 – the American war correspondent Ernie Pyle is killed by Japanese machine gun fire on the island of Ie Shima off Okinawa.
April 19 – Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel, a musical play based on Ferenc Molnár's Liliom, opens on Broadway and becomes their second long-running stage classic.
April 22 – Heinrich Himmler, through Count Bernadotte, puts forth an offer of German surrender to the Western Allies, but not the Soviet Union.
April 24 – Retreating German troops destroy all the bridges over the Adige in Verona, including the historical Ponte di Castelvecchio and Ponte Pietra.
April 25 – Founding negotiations for the United Nations begin in San Francisco.
April 25 – WW II – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops link up at the Elbe River, cutting Germany in two.
April 26 – Battle of Bautzen (World War II): The last "successful" German panzer-offensive in Bautzen ends with the city recaptured.
April 27
- U.S. Ordinance troops find the coffins of Frederick Wilhelm I, Frederick the Great, Paul von Hindenburg, and his wife.
- The Western Allies flatly reject any offer of surrender by Germany other than unconditional on all fronts.
April 28 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, are executed by Italian partisans as they attempt to flee the country. Their bodies are then hung by their heels in the public square of Milan.
April 29 – Operation Manna: British Lancaster bombers drop food into the Netherlands to prevent the starvation of the civilian population.
April 29 – Brazilian forces liberate the commune of Fornovo di Taro, Italy, from German forces.
April 30 – Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as the Red Army approaches the Führerbunker in Berlin. Karl Dönitz succeeds Hitler as President of Germany. Joseph Goebbels succeeds Hitler as Chancellor of Germany.

May

May–1946 June 3 – For all practical purposes the ICPC ceases to exist.
May 1 – WW II:
- Hamburg Radio announces that Hitler has died in battle, "fighting up to his last breath against Bolshevism."
- Joseph Goebbels and his wife commit suicide after killing their six children. Karl Dönitz appoints Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the new Chancellor of Germany.
- Troops of the Yugoslav 4th Army, together with the Slovene 9th Corpus NOV, enter Trieste.
May 2 – WW II:
- The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin. Soviet soldiers hoist the Red flag over the Reich Chancellery.
- Troops of the New Zealand Army 2nd Division enter Trieste a day after the Yugoslavs; the German Army in Trieste surrenders to the New Zealand Army.
- Lübeck is liberated by the British Army.
May 3 – WW II:
- The prison ships Cap Arcona, Thielbek and Deutschland are sunk by the RAF in Lübeck Bay.
- Rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and 120 members of his team surrender to U.S. forces (later going on to help to start the U.S. space program).
- German Protestant Theologian Gerhard Kittel is arrested by the French forces in Tübingen, Germany.
May 4 – WW II:
- The concentration camp Neuengamme near Hamburg is liberated by the British Army.
- The North German army surrenders to Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
- Holland is liberated by British and Canadian troops. [1] German troops officially surrender one day later.
- Denmark is liberated. [2] All German troops there officially surrender one day later.
May 5 – WW II:
- Prague rises up against the Nazis.
- Ezra Pound, the poet and author, is arrested by American soldiers in Italy for treason.
- The US 11th Armored Division liberates the prisoners of Mauthausen concentration camp, including Simon Wiesenthal.
- Canadian soldiers liberate the city of Amsterdam from Nazi occupation.
- Admiral Karl Dönitz orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.
- A Japanese balloon bomb kills five children and a grown woman, Elsie Mitchell, near Bly, Oregon, when it explodes as they drag it from the woods. They are the only people killed by an enemy attack on the American mainland during World War II.
May 6 – WW II: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops (the first was on December 11, 1941).
May 7 – WW II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
May 8 – WW II:
- V-E Day (Victory in Europe, as Nazi Germany surrenders) commemorates the end of World War II in Europe, with the final surrender being to the Soviets in Berlin, attended by representatives of the Western Powers.
- Canadian troops move into Amsterdam, after German troops surrendered.
- The British 8th Army, together with Slovene partisan troops and a motorized detachment of the Yugoslav 4th Army, arrives in Carinthia and Klagenfurt.
May 8–29 – Sétif massacre: In Algeria, thousands die as French troops and released Italian POWs kill an estimated 6,000 to 40,000 Algerian citizens. (see Setif massacre for details).
May 9 – WW II:
- The Soviet Union marks V-E Day.
- Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army; the Norwegian resistance movement in Oslo,Norway arrests the traitor Vidkun Quisling.
- The Red Army enters Prague.
- General Alexander Löhr, Commander of German Army Group E near Topolšica, Slovenia, signs the capitulation of German occupation troops.
- The German occupation of the Channel Islands ends with the liberation by British troops. **Alderney, an annex of the concentration camp Neuengamme, is liberated.
May 12 – Argentinian labour leader José Peter declares the Federación Obrera de la Industria de la Carne dissolved.
May 14–15 – World War II – Battle of Poljana: The last battle of World War II in Europe is fought at Poljana near Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
May 23 – President of Germany Karl Dönitz and Chancellor of Germany Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk are arrested by British forces at Flensburg. They are respectively the last German Head of state and Head of government until 1949.
May 23 – Heinrich Himmler, former head of the Nazi SS, commits suicide in British custody.
May 28 – William Joyce ("Lord Haw-Haw") is captured. He is later charged with high treason in London for his English-language wartime broadcasts on German radio, convicted, and then hanged in January 1946.
May 29 – German communists, led by Walther Ulbricht, arrive in Berlin.
May 29 – the Dutch painter Han van Meegeren is arrested for collaboration with the Nazis, but the paintings he had sold to Hermann Göring (Koch) are later found to be his fakes.
May 30 – The Iranian government demands that all Soviet and British troops leave the country.

June

June 1 – The British take over Lebanon and Syria.
June 5 – The Allied Control Council, military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
June 6 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns to Norway.
June 11
- William Lyon Mackenzie King is re-elected as Canadian prime minister.
- The Franck Committee recommends against a surprise nuclear bombing of Japan. [3]
June 12 – The Yugoslav Army leaves Trieste, leaving the New Zealand Army in control.
June 21 – WW II: The Battle of Okinawa ends.
June 24 – WW II: A victory parade is held in Red Square in Moscow.
June 25 – Seán T. O'Kelly is elected the second President of Ireland.
June 26 – The United Nations Charter is signed.
June 29 – Czechoslovakia cedes Carpathian Ruthenia to the Soviet Union.

July

July 16: Trinity Test at night in New Mexico.

July 1 – WW II: Germany is divided between the Allied occupation forces.
July 5 – WW II: The Philippines are declared liberated.
July 8 – WW II: Harry S. Truman is informed that Japan will talk peace if it can retain the reign of the Emperor. [4]
July 9 – A forest fire breaks out in the Tillamook Burn (the third in that area since 1933).
July 16 – The Trinity Test, the first of an atomic bomb, using about six kilograms of plutonium, succeeds in unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 19 kilotons of TNT.
July 16 – WW II: A train collision near Munich, Germany kills 102 war prisoners.
July 17 – WW II – Potsdam Conference: At Potsdam, the 3 main Allied leaders begin their final summit of the war (meeting ends August 2).
July 21 – WW II: President Harry S. Truman approves the order for atomic bombs to be used against Japan. [5]
July 23 – WW II: French marshal Philippe Pétain, who headed the Vichy government during World War II, goes on trial for treason.
July 26 – Winston Churchill resigns as the United Kingdom's Prime Minister after his Conservative Party is soundly defeated by the Labour Party in the 1945 general election. Clement Attlee becomes the new Prime Minister.
July 26 – The Potsdam Declaration demands Japan's unconditional surrender; Article 12 permitting Japan to retain the reign of the Emperor has been deleted by President Truman. [6]
July 28 – An U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bomber crashes into the Empire State Building, killing 14 people, including all on board.
July 28 – WW II: Japan ambiguously rejects the Potsdam Declaration. [7].
July 29 – The BBC Light Programme radio station is launched, aimed at mainstream light entertainment and music.
July 30 – WW II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis is hit and sunk by torpedoes from the Japanese submarine I-58 in the Philippine Sea. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for up to four days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain Charles B. McVay III of the cruiser is later court-martialed and convicted.

August

August 9: The mushroom cloud from the nuclear bomb dropped on Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air.

September 2: Japan signs the Instrument of Surrender aboard the USS Missouri.

August 6 – WW II: Atomic bombing of Hiroshima: The United States drops an atomic bomb (nicknamed "Little Boy") on Hiroshima, Japan, at 8:15 a.m. (local time).
August 7 – President Harry Truman announces the successful bombing of Hiroshima with the atomic bomb, while returning from the Potsdam Conference aboard the U.S. Navy heavy cruiser USS Augusta (CA-31) in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
August 8
- The United Nations Charter is ratified by the United States Senate, and this nation becomes the third one to join the new international organization.
- The Soviet Union declares war on Japan.
August 9 – WW II:
- The United States drops an atomic bomb nicknamed "Fat Man" on Nagasaki, Japan, at 11:02 a.m. (local time).
- The Soviet Union begins its army offensive against Japan in the northern part of the Japanese-held Chinese region of Manchuria. [8]
August 10 – WW II:
- Japan offers to surrender to the Allies, "provided this does not prejudice the sovereignty of the Emperor."

[9]

August 11 – WW II: The Allies reply to the Japanese surrender offer by saying that Emperor Hirohito will be subject to the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces.
August 13 – The Zionist World Congress approaches the British government to discuss the founding of the country of Israel.
August 14 – WW II: Emperor Hirohito accepts the terms of the Potsdam Declaration.
August 15 – Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
August 15 – WW II:
- Emperor Hirohito announces Japan's surrender on the radio. The United States calls this day V-J Day (Victory in Japan). This ends the period of Japanese expansionism and begins the period of Occupied Japan.
- Korea gains independence following Japan's surrender.
August 17 –
- Indonesian nationalists Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta declare the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, with Soekarno as president. Dutch colonial authorities do not approve.
- The novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published by Fredric Warburg.
August 19 – Vietnam War: The Viet Minh (led by Ho Chi Minh) take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Chinese Civil War: Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek meet in Chongqing to discuss an end to hostilities between the Communists and the Nationalists.

September

September 2 – Japanese general Tomoyuki Yamashita surrenders to Filipino and American forces at Kiangan, Ifugao.
September 2 – World War II ends: The final official surrender of Japan is accepted by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz for the United States, and delegates from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, China, and others from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu, on board the American battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay (but in Japan August 14 is recognized as the day the Pacific War ended).
September 2 – Ho Chi Minh promulgates the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, and unity from the north to the south.
September 4 – WW II: Japanese forces surrender on Wake Island after hearing word of their country's surrender.
September 5 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "Tokyo Rose," is arrested in Yokohama.
September 5 – The Russian code clerk Igor Gouzenko comes forward with numerous documents implicating the Soviet Union in numerous spy rings in North America: both in the United States and in Canada.
September 8 – American troops occupy southern Korea, while the Soviet Union occupies the north, with the dividing line being the 38th parallel of latitude. This arrangement proves to be the indirect beginning of a divided Korea.
September 8 – Hideki Tojo, Japanese prime minister during most of World War II, attempts suicide to avoid facing a war crimes tribunal.
September 9 – The first actual case of (a computer) bug being found, is a moth lodged in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at the Naval Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia.
September 11 – Radio Republik Indonesia starts broadcasting.
September 11 – The Batu Lintang camp in Sarawak, Borneo is liberated by Australian forces.
September 12 – The Japanese Army formally surrenders to the British in Singapore.
September 18 – Typhoon Makurazaki in Japan kills 3,746 people.
September 20 – Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru demand that all British troops depart India.

October

October 24: The United Nations is formed. This was its flag. The modern version is slightly retouched.

October 18: Nuremberg trials begin, after Buchenwald closed.

October – Arthur C. Clarke puts forward the idea of a communications satellite in a Wireless World magazine article.
October 1–15 – Operation Backfire: Three A4 rockets are launched near Cuxhaven in order to show Allied forces the rocket with liquid fuel.
October 3–10 – The Detroit Tigers win the World Series against the Chicago Cubs, who haven't made it to the World Series since.
October 4 – The Partizan Belgrade sports society is founded in Belgrade, Serbia.
October 5 – A strike by the Set Decorator's Union in Hollywood results in a riot.
October 15 – WW II: Pierre Laval, the former premier of Vichy France, is shot to death by a firing squad for treason against France.
October 16 – FAO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
October 17 – A massive number of people, headed for CGT, gather in the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina to demand Juan Perón's release. This is known to the Peronists as the Día de la lealtad (day of loyalty) or San Perón (Saint Perón) (considered the birthday of Peronism).
October 18 – Isaías Medina Angarita, president of Venezuela, is overthrown by a military coup.
October 21 – Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
October 23 – Jackie Robinson signs a contract with the Montreal Royals.
October 24 – ICJ (“World Court”) established by the United Nations Charter.
October 24 – The United Nations is founded.
October 24 – The Norwegian Nazi leader Vidkun Quisling is shot to death by a firing squad for treason against Norway.
October 27 – Indonesian separatists riot and fight Dutch and British security forces.
October 29 – Getúlio Vargas resigns as the president of Brazil.
October 29 – At Gimbels Department Store in New York City, the first ballpoint pens go on sale at $12.50 each.
October 30 – The undivided country of India joins the United Nations. Pakistan is formed and joins later.

November

November 1 – John H. Johnson publishes the first issue of the magazine Ebony.
November 1 – Telechron introduces the model 8H59 "Musalarm", the first clock radio.
November 9 – Soo bahk do Moo Duk Kwan is founded.
November 13 – Charles De Gaulle is elected head of a French provisional government
November 15 – Harry S. Truman, Clement Attlee, and Mackenzie King call for a U.N. Atomic Energy Commission.[10]
November 16 – Cold War: The United States controversially imports 88 German scientists to help in the production of rocket technology.
November 16 – The motion picture The Lost Weekend, starring Ray Milland, is released. The most realistic film portrayal of alcoholism up to that time, it wins several Oscars in the following year.
November 16 – Yeshiva College is founded.
November 20 – The Nuremberg Trials begin: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals of World War II start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
November 28 – An earthquake in Balochistan (Pakistan) causes a tsunami and kills 4,000.
November 29 – The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is declared (this day is celebrated as Republic Day until the 1990s). Marshal Tito is named president.
November 29 – Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), is completed. It covers 1,800 square feet (170 m²) of floor space. The first set of calculations is run on the computer.

December

December 2 – General Eurico Gaspar Dutra is elected president of Brazil.
December 3 – Communist demonstrations in Athens presage the Greek Civil War.
December 4 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves the entry of the United States into the United Nations.
December 5 – A flight of USAF Avenger torpedo bombers known as Flight 19 disappears on a training exercise.
December 21 – General George S. Patton dies from injuries sustained in a car accident on December 9.
December 27 – Twenty-eight nations sign an agreement creating the World Bank.
December 27 – Terror strikes are carried out against British military bases in Palestine.

Undated

1945: Nag Hammadi texts found.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is founded.
Poland has two rival governments.
The Nag Hammadi scriptures are discovered.
Female suffrage is enacted in Guatemala and Japan.
Saskatchewan Government Insurance, the first state-owned automobile insurance company in North America, is created.
Denmark recognizes independent Iceland.
The U.S. House of Representatives calls for unrestricted Jewish immigration to Palestine in order to establish a Jewish commonwealth there.
The Berklee College of Music is founded in Boston.

Science and technology

The Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, the first chiropractic college in Canada, initiates its four year doctoral program.
At the Mayo Clinic, streptomycin is first used to treat tuberculosis.
Percy Spencer accidentally discovers that microwaves can heat food. The invention of the microwave oven follows.
Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Newburgh, New York, become the first cities or towns to add fluoride to municipal drinking water.
The first nuclear reactor outside of the U.S. is completed in Chalk River, Ontario.
High-altitude, west-to-east winds across the Pacific Ocean (discovered by the Japanese in 1942 and by U.S. Army Air Forces in 1944) are dubbed the jet stream.
Salvador Edward Luria and Alfred Day Hershey independently recognize that viruses undergo mutations.
The herbicide 2,4-D is introduced; it is later used as a component of Agent Orange.
A team led by Charles D. Coryell discovers chemical element 61, the only one still missing between one and 96 on the periodic table. The new element is called promethium.
Raymond Libby develops the oral penicillin antibiotic.
American Canamid discovers folic acid, a vitamin abundant in green leafy vegetables, liver, kidney, and yeast.
The first geothermal milk pasteurization is done in Klamath Falls, Oregon.