 The Pioneer Venus Orbiter atop an Atlas-Centaur before launch |
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| Fact Sheet | |
|---|---|
| Orbital Launches | |
| First | 6 January |
| Last | 28 December |
| Total | 128 |
| Catalogued | 124 |
| National Firsts | |
| Space Traveller |  Czechoslovakia Poland East Germany |
| Rockets | |
| Retirements | Atlas-Agena Mu-3H |
| Manned flights | |
| Orbital | 5 |
| Total travellers | 10 |
1978 saw the launch of the Pioneer Venus missions launched by the United States, on 20 May and 8 August. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe landed four spacecraft on the planet, one of which transmitted data for 67 minutes before being destroyed by atmospheric pressure. ISEE-C, which was launched on 8 December, flew past comet 1P/Halley in 1985.[1]
Contents |
| Date/Time (UTC) | Rocket | Launch site | LSP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |
| Remarks | ||||||
| 10
January 12:26:00 |
 Soyuz-U |
Baikonur Site 1/5 |
|
|||
| Soyuz 27 |
Low Earth (Salyut 6) | Salyut 6 EP-1 | 16
March 11:18 |
Successful | ||
| Manned flight with two cosmonauts | ||||||
| 2
March 15:28:10 |
Soyuz-U |
Baikonur
Site 1/5 |
|
|||
| Soyuz 28 |
Low Earth (Salyut 6) | Salyut 6 EP-2 | 10
March 11:24 |
Successful | ||
| Manned flight with two cosmonauts, first Czechoslovakian in space | ||||||
| 15
June 20:16:45 |
Soyuz-U |
Baikonur
Site 1/5 |
|
|||
| Soyuz 29 |
Low Earth (Salyut 6) | Salyut 6 EO-2 | 31
September 11:40 |
Successful | ||
| Manned flight with two cosmonauts | ||||||
| 27
June 15:27:21 |
Soyuz-U |
Baikonur
Site 1/5 |
|
|||
| Soyuz 30 |
Low Earth (Salyut 6) | Salyut 6 EP-3 | 5
July 13:30 |
Successful | ||
| Manned flight with two cosmonauts, first Pole in space | ||||||
| 26
August 14:51:30 |
Soyuz-U |
Baikonur
Site 1/5 |
|
|||
| Soyuz 31 |
Low Earth (Salyut 6) | Salyut 6 EP-4 | 2
November 11:04 |
Successful | ||
| Manned flight with two cosmonauts, first East German in space | ||||||
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 December | Pioneer Venus Orbiter | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | |
| 9 December | Pioneer Venus Multiprobe | Venerian atmospheric entry | Three spacecraft |
| 21 December | Venera 12 | Venerian landing | |
| 21 December | Venera 12 | Venerian landing |
| Timeline of spaceflight | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940s | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | |||||||
| 1950s | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | |||
| 1960s | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | |||
| 1970s | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | |||
| 1980s | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | |||
| 1990s | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |||
| 2000s | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
| 2010s | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |||
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