From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

July 28 is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 156 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1364 – Battle of Cascina
• 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
• 1609 – Bermuda is first settled by survivors of the English ship Sea Venture en route to Virginia.
• 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre is executed by guillotine in Paris during the French Revolution.
• 1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force under Joseph Bonaparte.
• 1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1865 – Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.
• 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is passed, establishing African-American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
• 1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
• 1914 – World War I: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
• 1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
• 1933 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Spain are established.
• 1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
• 1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into the Soviet Union. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so were to be immediately executed.
• 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
• 1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
• 1948 – The Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport".
• 1955 – The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France.
• 1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyūshū, Japan, kill 992.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
• 1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
• 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan, the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
• 1993 – Andorra joins the United Nations.
• 1996 – Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, is discovered near Kennewick, Washington.
• 1997 – Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 2002 – Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground.
• 2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
• 2005 – A tornado touches down in a residential area in south Birmingham, England, causing £4,000,000 worth of damages and injuring 39 people.
• 2008 – The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare burns down for the second time in 80 years.

Births

• 1347 – Margherita of Durazzo, queen of Naples (d. 1412)
• 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1715)
• 1746 – Thomas Heyward, Jr., American patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1809)
• 1750 – Fabre d'Églantine French dramatist and politician, creator of the French Republican calendar (d. 1794)
• 1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian musician (d. 1859)
• 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872)
• 1815 – Stefan Dunjov, Banat Bulgarian military figure (d. 1889)
• 1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
• 1857 – Ballington Booth, co-founder of Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
• 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
• 1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
• 1863 – Hussein Khan Nakhichevanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
• 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English author (d. 1943)
• 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-born astronomer (d. 1951)
• 1872 – Albert Sarraut, French politician (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (d. 1945)
• 1879 – Lucy Burns, American suffragist (d. 1966)
• 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968)
• 1891 – Ron Oxenham, Former Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
• 1896 – Barbara La Marr, American actress (d. 1926)
• 1898 – Lawrence Gray, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Catherine Dale Owen, American actress (d. 1965)
• 1901 – Rudy Vallee, American entertainer (d. 1986)
• 1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player (d. 1979)
• 1902 – Karl Popper, Austrian-born philosopher (d. 1994)
• 1907 – Earl Tupper, American inventor (d. 1983)
• 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist (d. 1957)
• 1909 – Aenne Burda German publisher and founder of Hubert Burda Media(d. 2005)
• 1914 – Carmen Dragon, American composer (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1916 – David Brown, American film producer
• 1922 – Jacques Piccard, Belgian-born undersea explorer (d. 2008)
• 1924 – C.T. Vivian, American 1960s Civil Rights Movement activist
• 1925 – Baruch S. Blumberg, American scientist, Nobel laureate
• 1926 – Charlie Biddle, American-born Quebec jazz bassist (d. 2003)
• 1927 – John Ashbery, American poet
• 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
• 1930 – Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Junior Kimbrough, American bluesman (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Ramsey Withers, Chief of the Defence Staff of Canada
• 1931 – Johnny Martin, Former Australian cricketer (d. 1992)
• 1932 – Natalie Babbitt, American author
• 1933 – Charlie Hodge, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
• 1934 – Jacques d'Amboise, American choreographer
• 1935 – Simon Dee, British television broadcaster
• 1936 – Russ Jackson, Canadian football player
• 1936 – Garfield Sobers, Barbadian West Indies cricketer
• 1937 – Francis Veber, French film director and screenwriter
• 1938 – Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru
• 1938 – Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician and Former Prime Minister of Thailand
• 1938 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish football manager
• 1940 – Philip Proctor, American comedian
• 1941 – Susan Roces, Filipino actress
• 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
• 1942 – Marty Brennaman, American sportscaster
• 1942 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek film director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1943 – Mike Bloomfield, American musician (d. 1981)
• 1943 – Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
• 1943 – Richard Wright, English musician (Pink Floyd) (d. 2008)
• 1945 – Jim Davis, American cartoonist (Garfield)
• 1946 – Jonathan Edwards, American singer and songwriter
• 1946 – Linda Kelsey, American actress
• 1946 – Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani writer and feminist
• 1948 – Gerald Casale, American musician and director (founding member of Devo)
• 1948 – Georgia Engel, American actress
• 1948 – Sally Struthers, American actress
• 1949 – Steve Peregrin Took, English singer (d. 1980)
• 1949 – Vida Blue, American baseball player
• 1949 – Peter Doyle, Australian singer (The New Seekers) (d. 2001)
• 1949 – Randall Wallace, American screenwriter and film producer
• 1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian poet
• 1951 – Anthony A. Williams, former Mayor of Washington, D.C.
• 1951 – Doug Collins, American basketball player and head coach
• 1951 – Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect
• 1952 – Yoshitaka Amano, Japanese artist
• 1952 – Vajiralongkorn, Crown Prince of Thailand
• 1954 – Bruce Abbott, American actor
• 1954 – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela
• 1954 – Gerd Faltings, German mathematician
• 1954 – Steve Morse, American guitarist
• 1954 – Mikey Sheehy, Gaelic footballer
• 1955 – Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian cross-country skier
• 1958 – Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and activist (d. 1981)
• 1958 – Michael Hitchcock, American actor
• 1960 – Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian film director
• 1960 – Yōichi Takahashi, Japanese mangaka of Captain Tsubasa and Hungry Heart Wild Striker
• 1961 – Yannick Dalmas, French race car driver
• 1961 – Alexander Kurlovitch, Soviet weightlifter
• 1962 – Rachel Sweet, American singer
• 1964 – Lori Loughlin, American actress
• 1965 – Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
• 1965 – Delfeayo Marsalis, American jazz musician
• 1966 – Shikao Suga, Japanese singer/songwriter
• 1969 – Garth Snow, American ice hockey goaltender
• 1969 – Alexis Arquette, American actor
• 1969 – Dana White, UFC President
• 1970 – Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist (Arch Enemy)
• 1970 – Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
• 1970 – Paul Strang, Former Zimbabwian cricketer
• 1971 – Stephen Lynch, American musician
• 1971 – Annie Perreault, Canadian short-track speed skater
• 1972 – Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
• 1972 – Ed Templeton, American skateboarder
• 1972 – Yeom Jeong-ah, South Korean actress
• 1972 – Robert Chapman, English cricketer
• 1973 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Marc Dupré, Quebec humorist and singer
• 1974 – Justin Lee Collins, British comedian
• 1975 – Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer
• 1976 – Jacoby Shaddix, American singer (Papa Roach)
• 1977 – Manu Ginóbili, Argentine basketball player
• 1977 – Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1978 – Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer/songwriter
• 1978 – Jacob Oram, New Zealand Cricketer
• 1979 – Lee Minwoo, Korean singer (Shinhwa)
• 1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer
• 1979 – Henrik Hansen, Danish footballer
• 1979 – Alena Popchanka, French swimmer
• 1979 – James Piotr Montague, British Writer
• 1980 – Stephen Christian, American singer (Anberlin)
• 1981 – Nancy Alexiadi, Greek singer
• 1981 – Michael Carrick, English footballer
• 1981 – Billy Aaron Brown, American actor
• 1981 – Jo In Sung, South Korean actor
• 1982 – Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir, Icelandic singer and actress
• 1982 – Tom Pelphrey, American actor
• 1984 – DeMeco Ryans, American football player
• 1984 – Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
• 1984 – John David Washington, American actor and football player
• 1985 – Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor
• 1985 – Sharifah Sofia, Malaysian actress of Scottish descent
• 1986 – Alexandra Chando, American actress
• 1988 – Ayla Brown, American singer
• 1988 – Casper Johansen, Danish footballer
• 1990 – Shana Swash, English actress
• 1990 – Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, American rapper
• 1992 – George Spencer-Churchill, Earl of Sunderland
• 1993 – Hannah Lochner, Canadian actress
• 1993 – Ali JaY, Music Producer, Pakistani based in Australia

Deaths

• 450 – Theodosius II, Roman Emperor (b. 401)
• 1057 – Pope Victor II
• 1128 – William Clito, Count of Flanders (b. 1102)
• 1230 – Duke Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
• 1285 – Queen Keran of Armenia, consort of Leo III of Armenia
• 1527 – Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador (b. 1460)
• 1540 – Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1495)
• 1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (b. 1569)
• 1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619)
• 1667 – Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
• 1675 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)
• 1685 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (b. 1618)
• 1718 – Etienne Baluze, French scholar (b. 1630)
• 1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678)
• 1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
• 1762 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician (b. 1691)
• 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1758)
• 1794 – Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1767)
• 1818 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746)
• 1835 – Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (b. 1768)
• 1842 – Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
• 1844 – Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon I (b. 1768)
• 1849 – King Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
• 1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist (b. 1787)
• 1878 – George Law Curry, American newspaper publisher and politician (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803)
• 1930 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1862)
• 1934 – Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
• 1934 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1876)
• 1942 – William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (b. 1853)
• 1957 – Edith Abbott, American social worker (b. 1876)
• 1957 – Isaac Heinemann, German-born Israeli scholar and professor of classical literature (b. 1876)
• 1965 – Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese author (b. 1894)
• 1967 – Karl W. Richter, American aviator (b. 1942)
• 1968 – Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1879)
• 1969 – Ramón Grau, Cuban poitician (b. 1882)
• 1971 – Myril Hoag, American baseball player (b. 1908)
• 1971 – Lawrence Moore Cosgrave, Canadian soldier and diplomat (b. 1890)
• 1971 – Charles E. Pont, American artist (b. 1898)
• 1972 – Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903)
• 1972 – Charu Majumdar, Indian revolutionary leader (b. 1918)
• 1979 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (b. 1898)
• 1979 – Don Miller, American college football player (b. 1902)
• 1981 – Fr. Stanley Rother, Roman Catholic Priest (b. 1935)
• 1982 – Keith Green, American gospel singer and pianist (b. 1953)
• 1990 – Jill Esmond, British actress (b. 1908)
• 1996 – Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and educator (b. 1908)
• 1997 – Seni Pramoj, Thai politician (b. 1905)
• 1997 – Rosalie Crutchley, English actress (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Lenny McLean, English bareknuckle fighter (b. 1949)
• 1999 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 2000 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist and historian (b. 1918)
• 2002 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1910)
• 2003 – Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish politician and activist (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Eugene Roche, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist (b. 1938)
• 2006 – David Gemmell, British writer (b. 1948)
• 2006 – Patrick Allen, British actor and voice actor (b. 1927)
• 2007 – Jim LeRoy, Airshow pilot (b. 1961)
• 2007 – Karl Gotch, Belgian professional wrestler (b. 1924)
• 2008 – Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer and actress (b. 1977)
• 2009 – Jim Johnson, NFL Assistant Coach, Eagles Defensive Coordinator from 1999-2009 (b.1941)

Holidays and observances

• Canada – Day of Commemoration of the Great Upheaval
• Faroe Islands – Ólavsøka Eve
• Peru – Independence Day

Roman Catholicism

• Saints Nazarius and Celsus
• Saint Innocent I, pope
• Saint Pantaleon, martyr [common]
• Alphonsa Muttathupadathu

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

From Wikiquote

Quotes of the day from previous years:

2004

Lots of people want to ride with you in the limo, but what you want is someone who will take the bus with you when the limo breaks down. ~ Oprah Winfrey

• selected by Kalki

2005

Whenever a theory appears to you as the only possible one, take this as a sign that you have neither understood the theory nor the problem which it was intended to solve. ~ Karl Popper (born 28 July 1902) in Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach (1972)

• proposed by MosheZadka

2006

We are social creatures to the inmost centre of our being. The notion that one can begin anything at all from scratch, free from the past, or unindebted to others, could not conceivably be more wrong. ~ Karl Popper

• proposed by Kalki

2007

We must plan for freedom, and not only for security, if for no other reason than only freedom can make security more secure. ~ Karl Popper

• proposed by Kalki

2008

If I could only give three words of advice, they would be, "Tell the Truth." If I got three more words, I'd add, "All the time." ~ Randy Pausch

• proposed by Kalki

2009

We do not choose political freedom because it promises us this or that. We choose it because it makes possible the only dignified form of human coexistence, the only form in which we can be fully responsible for ourselves. Whether we realize its possibilities depends on all kinds of things — and above all on ourselves. ~ Karl Popper

• proposed by Kalki

2010

Suggestions

One man can make a difference and every man should try. ~ Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (born 28 July 1929)

• 4 Kalki 00:07, 28 July 2009 (UTC) * 3 Kalki 00:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC) with a VERY strong lean to 4.
• 1 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Minimum information given with maximum politeness. ~ Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (date of birth)

• 2 Kalki 13:07, 27 July 2009 (UTC) * 3 Kalki 00:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Always remember that it is impossible to speak in such a way that you cannot be misunderstood: there will always be some who misunderstand you. ~ Karl Popper (date of birth)

• 3 Kalki 00:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC) with a very strong lean toward 4.
• 3 InvisibleSun 21:45, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Our knowledge can only be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite. ~ Karl Popper (date of birth)

• 3 Kalki 00:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.
• 3 InvisibleSun 21:45, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Mine, O thou lord of life, send my roots rain. ~ Gerard Manley Hopkins (born July 28, 1844)

• 3 InvisibleSun 18:28, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 12:26, 27 July 2007 (UTC) This just doesn't strike me as a strong statement of much.
• 2 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

O the mind, mind has mountains; cliffs of fall
Frightful, sheer, no-man-fathomed. Hold them cheap
May who ne'er hung there.
~ Gerard Manley Hopkins

• 4 InvisibleSun 18:28, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 12:26, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

There lives the dearest freshness deep down things. ~ Gerard Manley Hopkins

• 3 InvisibleSun 18:28, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 12:26, 27 July 2007 (UTC) No clear context as is. If used I would prefer to add at least:
  All is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil;
  And wears man’s smudge and shares man’s smell: the soil
  Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.

  And for all this, nature is never spent;
  There lives the dearest freshness deep down things...

— but even extended thus I would probably still only rank it at 2. A stronger statement from the same poem is proposed below.

• 1 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

The World is charged with the grandeur of God.
It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;
It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil
Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod?
~ Gerard Manley Hopkins ~

• 3 Kalki 12:26, 27 July 2007 (UTC) A stronger and clearer statement from the poem suggested above, which could also be extended further to include the above lines, but I am still inclined to prefer something by Popper at this point. I do have a slight inclination toward 4, combined with the longest form of the previous suggestion, thus continuing with:

All is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil;
And wears man’s smudge and shares man’s smell: the soil
Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.

And for all this, nature is never spent;
There lives the dearest freshness deep down things...

• 3 InvisibleSun 21:45, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 14:43, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

When imperialism feels weak, it resorts to brute force. ~ Hugo Chávez

• 2 Zarbon 20:02, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 15:12, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

And the Devil came here yesterday. Yesterday the Devil came here. Right here. And it smells of sulphur still today. ~ Hugo Chávez

• 4 Zarbon 20:02, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 15:12, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

There is the view that poetry should improve your life. I think people confuse it with the Salvation Army. ~ John Ashbery

• 2 Zarbon 20:02, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 15:12, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

From Familypedia

July 28 is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 156 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed on order from Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
• 1609 - Bermuda is first settled, by survivors of the English Sea Venture, en route to Virginia.
• 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre is guillotined in front of a cheering crowd, for sending thousands of others to a similar fate during the French Revolution.
• 1809 - Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera - Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force under Joseph Bonaparte.
• 1821 - Peru: Jose de San Martin declares independence from Spain.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church - The battle begins on this day when Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta.
• 1866 - The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.
• 1873 - The Japanese government implements land and tax reform as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.
• 1878 - Great Britain's William Gowland becomes the first non-Japanese to reach Yarigatake peak (3,180 meters), and he names the mountain the Japanese Alps, a name that is eventually used to refer to the entire mountain range.
• 1896 - The City of Miami is incorporated.
• 1914 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian assassin. This event leads to the outbreak of war.
• 1932 - US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington.
• 1942 - World War II: USSR leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into Russia. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so will be immediately killed.
• 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah - The British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
• 1945 - A US Army B-25 bomber accidentally crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 injuring 26.
• 1955 - The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France.
• 1958 - Lord Jellicoe makes his maiden speech in the House of Lords.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
• 1976 - The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude flattens Tangshan, the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
• 1994 - Pitcher Kenny Rogers of the Texas Rangers throws a perfect game against the California Angels in a 4-0 win at The Ballpark in Arlington.
• 1996 - Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, was discovered near Kennewick.
• 1997 - Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 2002 - Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, were rescued after 77 hours underground.
• 2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army (The PIRA) call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
• 2005 - A tornado touches down in a residential area in south Birmingham, England, causing £4,000,000 worth of damages and injuring 39 people.
• 2007 - Major League Baseball. Breaks its single day attendence record as 717,478 fans attend 17 games.

Births

• 356 BC - Alexander the Great, Greek king and military leader (d. 323 BC)
• 1347 - Margherita of Durazzo, queen of Naples (d. 1412)
• 1659 - Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1715)
• 1746 - Thomas Heyward, American patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1809)
• 1750 - Fabre d'Églantine French dramatist and politician, creator of the French Republican calendar (d. 1794)
• 1796 - Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian musician (d. 1859)
• 1804 - Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872)
• 1815 - Stefan Dunjov, Banat Bulgarian military figure (d. 1889)
• 1844 - Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
• 1857 - Ballington Booth, co-founder of Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
• 1860 - Elias M. Ammons, governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
• 1863 - Hussein Khan Nakhichevanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
• 1866 - Beatrix Potter, English author (d. 1943)
• 1867 - Charles Dillon Perrine, American-born astronomer (d. 1951)
• 1872 - Albert Sarraut, French politician (d. 1962)
• 1874 - Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (d. 1945)
• 1887 - Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968)
• 1896 - Barbara La Marr, American actress (d. 1926)
• 1898 - Lawrence Gray, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1901 - Rudy Vallee, American entertainer (d. 1986)
• 1901 - Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player (d. 1979)
• 1902 - Karl Popper, Austrian-born philosopher (d. 1994)
• 1907 - Earl Tupper, American inventor (d. 1983)
• 1909 - Malcolm Lowry, English novelist (d. 1957)
• 1914 - Carmen Dragon, American composer (d. 1984)
• 1915 - Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1916 - David Brown, American film producer
• 1922 - Jacques Piccard, Belgian-born undersea explorer
• 1925 - Baruch S. Blumberg, American scientist, Nobel laureate
• 1927 - John Ashbery, American poet
• 1929 - Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
• 1930 - Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)
• 1930 - Junior Kimbrough, American bluesman (d. 1998)
• 1933 - Charlie Hodge, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
• 1934 - Jacques d'Amboise, American choreographer
• 1935 - Simon Dee, British television broadcaster
• 1936 - Russ Jackson, Canadian football player
• 1936 - Garfield Sobers, Barbadian West Indies cricketer
• 1937 - Francis Veber, French film director and screenwriter
• 1938 - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru
• 1938 - Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician and Former Prime Minister of Thailand
• 1940 - Philip Proctor, American comedian
• 1941 - Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
• 1942 - Marty Brennaman, American sportscaster
• 1943 - Mike Bloomfield, American musician (d. 1981)
• 1943 - Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
• 1943 - Richard Wright English musician (Pink Floyd)
• 1945 - Jim Davis, American cartoonist
• 1946 - Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani writer and feminist
• 1946 - Linda Kelsey, American actress
• 1948 - Georgia Engel, American actress
• 1948 - Sally Struthers, American actress
• 1949 - Steve Peregrin Took, English singer (d. 1980)
• 1949 - Vida Blue, American baseball player
• 1949 - Peter Doyle, Australian singer (The New Seekers) (d. 2001)
• 1950 - Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian poet
• 1951 - Anthony A. Williams, Mayor of Washington
• 1951 - Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect
• 1952 - Yoshitaka Amano, Japanese artist
• 1952 - Vajiralongkorn
• 1954 - Steve Morse, American guitarist
• 1954 - Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela
• 1954 - Bruce Abbott, American actor
• 1954 - Gerd Faltings, German mathematician
• 1955 - Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian cross-country skier
• 1958 - Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and activist (d. 1981)
• 1958 - Michael Hitchcock, American actor
• 1961 - Alexander Kurlovitch, Soviet weightlifter
• 1962 - Rachel Sweet, American singer
• 1964 - Lori Loughlin, American actress
• 1965 - Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
• 1965 - Delfeayo Marsalis, jazz musician
• 1969 - Garth Snow, American ice hockey goaltender
• 1969 - Alexis Arquette, American actor
• 1970 - Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist (Arch Enemy)
• 1970 - Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
• 1971 - Stephen Lynch, American musician
• 1971 - Annie Perreault, Canadian short-track speed skater
• 1972 - Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
• 1972 - Ed Templeton, American skateboarder
• 1972 - Yeom Jeong-ah, South Korean actress
• 1973 - Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 - Marc Dupré, Quebec humorist and singer
• 1974 - Justin Lee Collins, British comedian
• 1975 - Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer
• 1976 - Jacoby Shaddix, American singer (Papa Roach)
• 1977 - Emanuel Ginóbili, Argentine basketball player
• 1977 - Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1979 - Lee Minwoo, Korean singer (Shinhwa)
• 1979 - Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer
• 1981 - Michael Carrick, English footballer
• 1981 - Jo In Sung, South Korean actor
• 1982 - Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir, Icelandic singer and actress
• 1982 - Tom Pelphrey, American actor
• 1984 - DeMeco Ryans, American football player
• 1984 - Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
• 1985 - Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor
• 1985 - Tynisha Keli, American singer
• 1986 - Alexandra Chando, American actress
• 1988 - Ayla Brown, American singer
• 1989 - Alexander mozeihem, Conqurer of the world, and king of pimping
• 1990 - Soulja Boy, American rapper
• 1993 - Hannah Lochner, Canadian actress

Deaths

• 450 - Theodosius II, Roman Emperor (b. 401)
• 1057 - Pope Victor II
• 1128 - William Clito, Count of Flanders (b. 1102)
• 1230 - Duke Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
• 1285 - Queen Keran of Armenia, consort of Leo III of Armenia
• 1527 - Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador
• 1540 - Thomas Cromwell, English statesman
• 1631 - Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (b. 1569)
• 1655 - Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619)
• 1667 - Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
• 1675 - Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)
• 1685 - Henry Bennet, English statesman (b. 1618)
• 1718 - Etienne Baluze, French scholar (b. 1630)
• 1741 - Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678)
• 1750 - Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
• 1762 - George Dodington, English politician (b. 1691)
• 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1758)
• 1794 - Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1767)
• 1818 - Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746)
• 1835 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (b. 1768)
• 1842 - Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
• 1844 - Joseph Bonaparte, older brother of Napoleon I and King of Naples and Spain (b. 1768)
• 1849 - King Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
• 1869 - Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist (b. 1787)
• 1878 - George Law Curry, Newspaper publisher and Governor of Oregon (b. 1820)
• 1930 - Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1862)
• 1934 - Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
• 1942 - William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (b. 1853)
• 1957 - Edith Abbott, American social worker, educator, and author (b. 1876)
• 1965 - Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese author (b. 1894)
• 1967 - Karl W. Richter, Lieutenant, USAF, American aviator (b. 1942)
• 1968 - Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1879)
• 1969 - Ramón Grau, Cuban president (b. 1882)
• 1971 - Myril Hoag, American baseball player (b. 1908)
• 1972 - Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903)
• 1972 - Charu Majumdar, Indian revolutionary leader (b. 1918)
• 1982 - Keith Green, American gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1953)
• 1990 - Jill Esmond, British actress (b. 1908)
• 1996 - Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and educator (b. 1908)
• 1997 - Seni Pramoj, Thai politician, Thai Prime Minister (b. 1905)
• 1998 - Lenny McLean, "The Guv'nor", London bareknuckle fighter,"the hardest man in Britain". (b. 1949)

• 1999 - Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 2000 - Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist and science historian (b. 1918)
• 2002 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish Senator and campaigner for the disabled (b. 1918)
• 2004 - Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1916)
• 2004 - Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2004 - Eugene Roche, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2004 - Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist (b. 1938)
• 2006 - David Gemmell, British writer (b. 1948)
• 2007 - Jim LeRoy, Stunt Plane pilot
• 2007 - Karl Gotch, Professional wrestler, Olympian (b. 1924)

Holidays and observances

• Faroe Islands - Ólavsøka Eve
• Peru - Independence Day

Roman Catholicism

• Saints Nazarius and Celsus
• Saint Innocent I, pope
• Saint Pantaleon, martyr [common]

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day

• On This Day in Canada