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28th Infantry Division
Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
Active	1879 October 11, 1917–present
Country	USA
Branch	Army National Guard
Type	Division
Role	Infantry
Size	15,000 soldiers
Nickname	Keystone Fire and Movement Iron Division Bloody Bucket
Motto	Roll On
Colors	Red
Engagements	Civil War Spanish–American War Philippine Insurrection World War I Champagne World War II Normandy Northern France Hurtgen Forest Ardennes-Alsace Rhineland Central Europe War in Southwest Asia Kosovo Campaign Iraq Campaign
Commanders
Notable commanders	MG John F. Hartranft (1879-89) MG Omar N. Bradley (1942-43) MG Norman D. Cota (1944-45)
Insignia
Distinctive Unit Insignia

The 28th Infantry Division is a unit of the Army National Guard and is the oldest division-sized unit in the armed forces of the United States.^[1][2] The division was officially established in 1879 and was later redesignated as the 28th Division in 1917, after the entry of America into the First World War. See World War I. It continues its service today as part of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard.

It is nicknamed the "Keystone Division," as it was formed from units of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard; Pennsylvania is known as the "Keystone State." It was also nicknamed the "Bloody Bucket" division by German forces during the Second World War due to its red insignia. It was the Army division in the film When Trumpets Fade, a movie about the battle at Huertgen Forest. The 28th is the first National Guard division to field the Stryker infantry fighting vehicle, as part of the Army's modern transformation.

History

World War I

The 28th Division traces its history from the briefly active 7th Division, formed in May 1917. In July 1917 or later, the division was renamed the 28th Division.^[3] It was activated in September 1917. Its initial organization included the 55th Infantry Brigade (109th and 110th Infantry Regiments) and the 56th Infantry Brigade (111th and 112th Infantry Regiments).^[4] During World War I it was involved in the Meuse-Argonne, Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, Oise-Aisne, and Ypres-Lys (FA) operations. During the war it took a total of 14,139 casualties (KIA-2,165 ; WIA-11,974).

• Commanders:
  • Maj. Gen. C. M. Clement (17 July 1917)
  • Brig. Gen. W. G. Price, Jr. (18 September 1917)
  • Brig. Gen. F. W. Stilwell (28 October 1917)
  • Maj. Gen. C. M. Clement (4 December 1917)
  • Brig. Gen. F. W. Stilwell (11 December 1917)
  • Maj. Gen. C. H. Muir (15 December 1917)
  • Brig. Gen. F. H. Albright (23 October 1918)
  • Maj. Gen. William H. Hay (25 October 1918)
• Inactivated: Spring 1919.

World War II

• Activated: 17 February 1941 Camp Livingston Louisiana .
• Overseas: 8 October 1943.
• Campaigns: Normandy, North France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe.
• Days of combat: 196.
• Awards: MH-1 ; DSC-29 ; DSM-1; SS-435; LM-27; SM-21 ; BSM-2,312 ; AM-100.
• Commanders:
  • Maj. Gen. Edward Martin (February-December 1941)
  • Maj. Gen. J. Garsche Ord (January-May 1942)
  • Maj. Gen. Omar N. Bradley (June 1942-January 1943)
  • Maj. Gen. Lloyd D. Brown (January 1943-July 1944)
  • Maj. Gen. Norman D. Cota (August 1944 to inactivation).
• Returned to U.S.: 2 August 1945.
• Inactivated: 13 December 1945.

Organization

• 109th, 110th, 111th, and 112th Infantry Regiments
• 107th, 108th, 109th and 229th Field Artillery Battalions
• 103rd Engineer Combat Battalion

Combat Chronicle

After training in Southampton, England, the 28th Infantry Division landed in Normandy, France, on 22 July 1944 and entered the hedgerow struggle north and west of St. Lo. Inching their way forward against desperate opposition, the men of the 28th took Percy, 1 August, and Gathemo, 10 August. On the 12th, Brigadier General Wharton was killed a few hours after assuming command. The Division began to roll north and east on 20 August, meeting light resistance except at Le Neubourg, 24 August, and Elbeuf on the 25th.

28th Infantry division parading through Paris on the way to the Siegfried Line

After parading through Paris on 29 August, it continued its sustained drive through France and Luxembourg to the German border, assembling near Binsfeld on 11 September. It began hammering at the Siegfried Line the following day, destroying pillboxes and other fortifications, moved north to Elsenborn, 1 October, then returned on the 6th for patrols and rotation of troops. The 28th smashed into the Huertgen Forest, 2 November 1944, and in the savage seesaw battle which followed, Vossenack and Schmidt changed hands several times. On 19 November, the Division moved south to hold a 25-mile sector along the Our River in Luxembourg.

The Von Rundstedt offensive was launched in Belgium on 16 December along the entire Division front. The 28th fought in place using all available personnel and threw off the enemy timetable before withdrawing to Neufchateau on 22 December for reorganization, as its units had been badly mauled. The Division moved to a defensive position along the Meuse River from Givet to Verdun on 2 January 1945, then to a patrol of the Vosges Mountains on 17 February. From 1 to 5 February, it participated in the reduction of the Colmar Pocket, headed for the Rhine and crossed the Rhine-Rhone Canal on 6 February. After an attack toward the Ahr River on 6 March, the 28th engaged in training, rehabilitation, and holding defensive positions. Beginning on 7 April it performed occupation duties at Juelich and Kaiserslautern until it left France.

Private Eddie Slovik, the only U.S. soldier executed for desertion during World War II, was a member of the 28th Division.

Assignments in the ETO

• 22 October 1943: V Corps, First Army.
• 14 April 1944: XX Corps, Third Army
• 24 April 1944: Third Army, but attached to First Army
• 26 July 1944: XIX Corps
• 30 July 1944: XIX Corps, First Army
• 1 August 1944: XIX Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group
• 28 August 1944: V Corps
• 19 November 1944: VIII Corps
• 20 December 1944: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
• 5 January 1945: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group, but attached to Oise Section, Communications Zone, for supply.
• 6 January 1945: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
• 8 January 1945: Third Army, 12th Army Group.
• 9 January 1945: Fifteenth Army, 12th Army Group.
• 16 January 1945: Fifteenth Army, 12th Army Group, but attached to Seventh Army, 6th Army Group.
• 20 January 1945: French II Corps.
• 28 January 1945: XXI Corps.
• 14 February 1945: Fifteenth Army, 12th Army Group, but attached to Seventh Army, 6th Army Group.
• 19 February 1945: 12th Army Group.
• 21 February 1945: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group.
• 16 March 1945: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
• 22 March 1945: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group.
• 28 March 1945: III Corps.
• 7 April 1945: First Army, 12th Army Group.
• 10 April 1945: Fifteenth Army, 12th Army Group.
• 13 April 1945: XXII Corps.
• 26 April 1945: XXIII Corps.

Post World War II Service

The 28th Infantry Division has continued to serve the nation as part of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard.

After being inactivated as part of the Army in December 1945, it was reorganized in 1946 and returned to the Pennsylvania National Guard. Following the outbreak of the Korean War, it was recalled to active duty. The Division re-opened the mothballed Camp Atterbury, Indiana and remained there from 09/13/1950 to 11/23/1951. It was sent to Germany to augment NATO forces in Germany and returned to National Guard status in 1954.

The Division was not mobilized during the Vietnam War, although in 1965 it was selected as one of three divisions in the Army Selective Reserve Force. Nor was it mobilized in force for Operation Desert Storm in 1991; however, the 121st Transportation Company, one of its constituent units, served in Saudi Arabia and volunteers from the Division were deployed overseas, some in the Middle East.

In 1996, after the signing of the Dayton Agreement, some units of the divisional artillery were called up to serve as peacekeeping forces in Bosnia; elements of the 28th served in Bosnia as peacekeepers for several years following this. In 2002, the 28th Division took command of the Northern Brigade Task Force (Task Force Eagle), as part of the NATO peacekeeping mission in Bosnia as part of SFOR 12. The leading combat arms units under the 28th while in Bosnia were the 109th Infantry and the 104th Cavalry. The division was the third reserve component division headquarters to take on this role in Bosnia (previously the Army National Guard's 49th and 29th Divisions had commanded Task Force Eagle).

In 2003, the 28th Division again led the NATO peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of KFOR 5A for a 9-month rotation. The 28th was the first reserve component division headquarters to take on this role in Kosovo. Later in 2005, elements of the 28th Division would again return to Kosovo as part of KFOR 6B, the first year-long rotation by U.S. troops to the region.

During the "Global War on Terror" following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the US the Keystone Division has provided troops for Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Noble Eagle and - most significantly - several thousand troops for Operation Iraqi Freedom. Company A, 28th Signal Battalion deployed to Iraq in February 2004. The 1st Battalion, 103rd Armor and 1st Battalion, 107th Field Artillery deployed to Iraq in January 2004. The division's 2nd Brigade Combat Team deployed to Iraq for a year-long rotation in July 2005. Elements of the division would again return in 2006 and revolving deployments to Iraq seem likely in the future. The 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) will deploy in 2008 to Iraq. The Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division deployed to Iraq in May 2009.^[5]

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Company A, 28th Signal Battalion

Co A, 28th Signal Battalion deployed in April 2004 to April 2005 in support of major combat missions in the Anbar province.

2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry (RSTA)

Returning to the 28th Infantry Division in September 2001, the 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry provided many of the first soldiers to wear the Bloody Bucket in combat since World War II. In October 2003, Companies B and C, and elements of HHC and Company A, of the 2-107th Cavalry (Ohio Army National Guard) were activated to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Fort Stewart, Georgia, for five months of mobilization training where they were attached to the 1st Battalion, 150th Armor (WVARNG), the 1st Battalion, 252nd Armor (NCARNG), and Troop E, 196th Cavalry (NCARNG) respectively, for deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom II with North Carolina's 30th Brigade Combat Team under 1st Infantry Division. These elements of the 2-107th CAV were in Iraq from February to December 2004, serving in Kirkush, Tuz Khurmatu, Jalawla, and Baghdad.

The remaining companies continued on with their regular training cycle until October 2004, when the rest of the battalion was activated to participate in OIF III. Five companies were then deployed to Fort Dix, NJ for mobilization training and then left for Kuwait in January 2005. The companies then made their way up to Baghdad, Iraq and performed detainee operations at Camp Cropper and Camp Victory. The unit whole deployed served under the 1st Cavalry Division, 4th Infantry Division, and 3rd Infantry Division. Direct command was under several MP Brigades, such as the 18th and 42nd MP Brigades. They returned home in January 2006.

1st Battalion, 107th Field Artillery

In December 2003 the 1st Battalion 107th FA was activated and received Military Police training at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Following a month of training, the soldiers of the 107th where deployed to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The different batteries where dispersed throughout Iraq serving as MPs. The members of the 107th returned home in February 2005. C Battery saw action in Fallujah during Operation Valiant Resolve in the spring campaign. Members of C Battery also saw combat in the area surrounding Camp Anaconda and Abu Ghraib, a military prison. Another contingent provided security for Ambassador Paul Bremer and other high ranking State Department officials at Coalition HQ.

Members of A Battery with attachments from Headquarters Battery were provisionally renamed Alpha Company 107th Military Police and deployed to Mosul, Iraq. Alpha Company was assigned to I Corps (Task Force Olympia) from Ft Lewis, WA. 1st Platoon, located on LSA Diamondback, finished construction of the military detention facility and continued to run it until re-deployment. 2nd Platoon provided external base security for the detention facility, a quick reaction force for the company and an additional security detachment for top military officials in Iraq including the Task Force Olympia's Commanding General, Deputy Commander, Provost Marshal and various VIPs at Camp Freedom. 3rd Platoon conducted Military Police combat operations with the 3rd SBCT, 2nd Infantry Division, as well as security missions for the Iraqi National Guard, Iraqi police forces, and other coalition provisional governmental organizations in Mosul. Alpha Company also provided logistic support and additional convoy and unit security for separate units with no local higher headquarters including the 330th MP Company (L&O), CID detachment and soldiers from the 3rd platoon of the 293d MP Company which was briefly attached. The Company served from February 2004 to February 2005.

2nd Battalion, 103rd Armor

In January, 2004, B and C Companies of the 2nd Battalion, 103rd Armor were activated and, with attachments from several other PAARNG units, reconfigured as military police companies and trained at Ft. Dix for deployment to Iraq. They were designated as companies of the 89th MP Brigade and left for Iraq in March 2004 with days of each other. Once in Iraq, they were assigned to some of the most sensitive missions of OIF II. Three platoons of Bravo Company (1st, 3rd and Headquarters) were attached to the Iraq Survey Group; while 2nd and 4th Platoons served in Iraqi Police Support, later as area patrols for Camp Fallujah and eventually as transportation escorts for high-ranking Iraqi government officials. Charlie Company was assigned to the HVD facility at Camp Cropper, with an entire platoon assigned solely to former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. The units both redeployed in March 2005.

1st Battalion, 103rd Armor

In June 2004, the 1st Battalion, 103rd Armor was activated at Fort Bliss, Texas and deployed to Iraq in November in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. This marked the first deployment of a 28th ID combat battalion to a war zone since World War II. The battalion, now designated as a Task Force (Task Force DRAGOON), was stationed at Forward Operating Base Summerall, near Bayji. Attached initially to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and then the 1st Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, the 800 man TF 1-103rd Armor, commanded by LTC Philip J. Logan, engaged in combat operations for 12 months before redeploying to the United States in November, 2005. Thirteen soldiers from TF Dragoon were killed in action during combat operations in Salah Ad Din Province, a heavily Sunni Muslim area in the north part of the "Sunni Triangle".

Iraqi and U.S. Soldiers from the 28th Infantry Division (attached to I Marine Expeditionary Force) search for Iraqi Resistance members and weapons caches in the Jazeera area of Ramadi, June 2, 2006.

Task Force 1-103rd Armor (Dragoons)

• June 2004-December 2004
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1-103rd Armor
    • A Company, 1st Battalion, 111th Infantry
    • A Company, 1st Battalion, 112th Infantry
    • B Company, 1st Battalion, 103rd Armor
    • C Company, 103rd Engineer Battalion

• December 2004-March 2005
  • HHC 1-103 AR (TF HQ)
    • A/1-111 IN (MTZ)
    • B/1-103 AR (MTZ)
    • C/1-7 FA (Mech)
    • C/103 EN (Mech)
    • 1/A/1-7 FA (Paladin)

• March 2005-November 2005
  • HHC 1-103 AR (TF HQ)
    • A/1-111 IN (MTZ)
    • B 1-103 AR (MTZ)
    • B/2-7 IN (Mech)
    • 173 IN DET (LRS)
    • C/103 EN (MTZ)
    • 1/A/1-41 FA (Paladin)

2nd Brigade Combat Team

2nd Brigade Combat Team, 28th Infantry Division (2/28 BCT) was mobilized in January 2005. 2/28 BCT consisted of approximately 4,000 National Guardsmen from over 30 states and was commanded by COL John L. Gronski. Over 2,000 of the soldiers were from the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. Other states that contributed large units included Vermont, Utah, Michigan, Kentucky, New Jersey and Nebraska. 2/28 BCT conducted its post mobilization training at Camp Shelby, MS. The soldiers were trained in full spectrum operations and received additional equipment.

In May 2005, 2nd Brigade soldiers trained at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, CA to prepare for their upcoming mission in Iraq due to start in July 2005.

In late June and early July 2005 2nd Brigade soldiers began deploying to the Al-Anbar province and were under the command of the 2nd Marine Division through February 2006 and then were under command of 1st Marine Expeditionary Force Forward through June 2006.

The 2/28 BCT received transfer of authority for its area of operations (AO) in central Al Anbar Province in July 2005. The area of operations was very large, but 2/28 BCT focused operations along the Euphrates River Valley from Ramadi to Al Habanyah, about 35 kilometers to the east. Ramadi was the 2/28 BCT main effort for the following reasons: 1) capitol of Al Anbar province and home to the provincial governor and government center 2) large urban area with a population of approximately 400,000 Iraqi citizens 3) Al-Qaeda in Iraq focused on the area. The Ramadi area was known as one of the most violent and dangerous areas in Iraq.

The mission of the 2/28 BCT was to neutralize the insurgency and develop Iraqi Security Forces within the area of operations in order to create stable and secure conditions and allow for self-governance. The BCT conducted counterinsurgency operations to kill or detain insurgents, to locate weapons caches, to detect improvised explosive devices (IEDs), to engage in on-going dialogue with community and government leaders, to recruit, train and integrate Iraqi Army and Iraqi Police, and to conduct civil affairs projects to improve sewer, water, energy, medical and school facilities.

2/28 BCT operations resulted in: 1) Millions of dollars of humanitarian assistance projects were completed 2)Over 3,000 insurgents and terrorists detained or killed 3)Successful referendum election in October 2005 and successful general election in December 2005 4) Approximately 5,000 Iraqi soldiers trained and integrated into all operations. This included transitioning area of operations to Iraqi brigades and battalions. 5)Hundreds of tons of explosives, ammunition, and weapons seized from insurgent caches 6) over 1,000 young men of Ramadi recruited into the Iraqi Police 7) Coalition force and Iraqi Army outposts established and areas controlled that had formerly been insurgent strongholds 8) Over 1,100 roadside bombs discovered before they could be used against civilians, Iraqi government officials, or coalition forces and Iraqi soldiers.

2nd Brigade — OIF Composition

• Headquarters Company, 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division
  • 109th Infantry Regiment (PA NG)[detached to MAW, Al Asad]
  • 110th Infantry Regiment (PA NG)
  • 172nd Armor Regiment (VT NG)
  • C Company, 1/103rd Armor (PA NG)
  • A Company, 3/103rd Armor (PA NG)
  • B Troop, 1-104th Cavalry Regiment (PA NG)
  • A Troop, 167th Cavalry Regiment (NE NG)
  • 222nd Field Artillery Regiment (UT NG)
  • 876th Engineer Battalion (PA NG)
  • 228th Forward Support Battalion (PA NG)
  • A Company, 138th Signal Battalion (IN NG)
  • 231st Military Intelligence Company (KY NG)
  • 1st Platoon, 28th Military Police Company (PA NG)
  • 2-69th Armor (3rd Infantry Division, Fort Benning, GA), 2005 - 2006
  • 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry (101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Ft Campbell, KY), 2006

• 1/5 Marines, 2005

• 3/7 Marines, 2005 - 2006

• 3/8 Marines, 2006

56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team

56th Stryker Brigade soldiers train in Iraq.

Trained in Camp Shelby, MS from Sept 19, 2008 till Nov 2008. Went to JRTC in Fort Polk, LA for NOV 08 till Dec 08

Deployed in FEB 2009 to Iraq

56th Stryker Brigade — OIF Composition

• HQ 56 BDE
  • 1/111th IN
  • 1/112th IN
  • 2/112th IN
  • 1/108th FA
  • B 1/109th FA
  • 328 BSB
  • 2/104 RSTA
  • 856 EN
  • 656 SIGNAL
  • 556 MI
  • D/112th IN (AT)

Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division

Soldiers of the Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division began mobilization on January 29, 2009 for OIF 09-11. Over 2,000 soldiers from multiple states completed validation training at Fort Sill, OK before moving into Camp Buehring, Kuwait. Throughout the opening days of May 2009, these soldiers flew into multiple FOBs across Iraq with the majority of the brigade being station in Tallil, Al Kut, and Basrah.

CAB — OIF Composition

• HQ CAB
  • 2nd Battalion (General Support), 104th Aviation Regiment
    • Company A (Assault), 1st Battalion, 106th Aviation Regiment
    • Company B (Heavy Lift), 2d Battalion, 104th Aviation Regiment
    • Company C (Attack), 3d Battalion, 159th Aviation Regiment***
    • Company C (Medical Evacuation), 1/52nd Aviation Regiment
    • Company D (Maintenance), 2d Battalion, 104th Aviation Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 189th Aviation Regiment (Montana National Guard)
  • 1st Battalion (Assault Helicopter), 150th Aviation Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 224th Aviation Regiment
  • 628th Support Battalion (Aviation)

(*** C/3-159 ARB is an Active Duty unit that was OPCON to 2-104 GSAB during OIF 08-10. They are currenlty task organized as a part of 12th CAB, stationed in Germany.)

Current Structure

Structure 28th Infantry Division

As a modular division, the 28th comprises two Infantry Brigade Combat Team, one Heavy Brigade Combat Teams, one Stryker Brigade Combat Team and one Combat Aviation Brigade.
28th Infantry Division consists of the following elements:

• Division Special Troops Battalion
• 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team - Iron Brigade (PA NG)
  • 2nd Brigade Special Troops Battalion
  • 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry Regiment (OH NG)
  • 1st Battalion, 175th Infantry Regiment (MD NG)
  • 1st Battalion, 110th Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 107th Field Artillery Regiment
  • 128th Brigade Support Battalion
• 53rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (FL NG)
  • 53rd Brigade Special Troops Battalion
  • 1st Squadron, 153rd Cavalry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 124th Infantry Regiment
  • 3rd Battalion, 124th Infantry Regiment
  • 2nd Battalion, 116th Field Artillery Regiment
  • 53rd Brigade Support Battalion
• 55th Heavy Brigade Combat Team (PA NG)
  • 55th Brigade Special Troops Battalion
  • 1st Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment
  • 4th Battalion, 103rd Armor Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 109th Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment
  • 228th Brigade Support Battalion
• 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team - Independence Brigade (PA NG)
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  • 1st Battalion, 111th Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 112th Infantry Regiment
  • 2nd Battalion, 112th Infantry Regiment
  • 2nd Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment (Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition)
  • 1st Battalion, 108th Field Artillery Regiment
  • 328th Brigade Support Battalion
  • D Company (Anti-Tank), 112th Infantry Regiment
  • 856th Engineer Company
  • 656th Signal Company
  • 556th Military Intelligence Company
• Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division (PA NG)
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  • 1st Battalion, 104th Aviation Regiment (Attack) (PA NG)
  • 2nd Battalion, 104th Aviation Regiment (General Support)
  • 1st Battalion, 150th Aviation Regiment (Assault) (NJ NG)
  • Security and Support Battalion
  • 628th Support Battalion (Aviation)

Division Commanders

28th Infantry Division shrine

The 28^th Division Shrine at the Pennsylvania Military Museum.

A shrine dedicated to the 28th Infantry Division is located on the grounds of the Pennsylvania Military Museum in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania. This site was formerly the estate of Colonel Theodore Davis Boal. In 1916 Boal formed the Boal Troop, the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, State College, a horse-mounted machine gun unit which was accepted as a provisional unit of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. In April 1917, the Boal Troop was reconfigured as an infantry unit, Company A of the 107th Machine Gun Battalion, and deployed to France for service in World War I.

In 1919, soldiers of the Boal Troop returning from the war erected a monument on the Boal Estate dedicated to their fallen comrades. In the 1920s, other units of the 28th began erecting their own memorials, and began to refer to the area as a "shrine". In 1931, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania purchased the site, and in 1969 the Pennsylvania Military Museum was opened. By 1971, memorials to most of the units of the 28th that served in World War I had been erected, and in 1997 a World War II memorial was dedicated at this site.

Members of the 28th Infantry Division have gathered for a memorial service at the shrine every third Sunday in May since 1919. U.S. Route 322, on which the shrine is located, is named the Pennsylvania 28th Division Highway.

In the 1919 classic silent film J'accuse the US 28th Division is acknowledged as being in the film.

Honors

Campaign Participation Credit

• Civil War^[6].

1. Peninsula^[6]
2. Antietam^[6]
3. Fredericksburg^[6]
4. Chancellorsville^[6]
5. Gettysburg^[6]
6. Wilderness^[6]
7. Spotsylvania^[6]
8. Cold Harbor^[6]
9. Petersburg^[6]
10. Virginia 1863^[6]

• War With Spain^[7]

1. Manila^[7]

• Philippine Insurrection^[7]

1. Manila^[7]
2. Malolos^[7]

• World War I

1. Champagne-Manic
2. Aisne-Marne
3. Oise-Aisne
4. Meuse-Argonne
5. Champagne 1918
6. Lorraine 1918

• World War II

1. Central Pacific^[6]
2. Eastern Mandates^[6]
3. Normandy^{[8 ]}
4. Western Pacific^[6]
5. Northern France^{[8 ]}
6. Rhineland^{[8 ]}
7. Ardennes-Alsace^{[8 ]}
8. Central Europe^{[8 ]}

Decorations

1. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered EUROPEAN THEATER^[9].
2. French Croix de Guerre with Palm, Streamer embroidered COLMAR^[10].
3. Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, Streamer embroidered LUXEMBOURG^[11].

Heraldic Items

Shoulder Sleeve Insignia

Blazon

• Description: A red keystone 2.375 inches (6.03 cm) in height and 2.375 inches (6.03 cm) in width.

• Symbolism: The keystone, symbol of the state of Pennsylvania, alludes to the nickname of the division.

• Background: The shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 1918-10-19.

• TIOH Drawing. No. A-1-231

Distinctive Unit Insignia

• Description: On a gold disk 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) in height divided per pairle reversed Gules, Argent and Azure, the crest from the National Guard of the State of Pennsylvania.

• Symbolism:

1. The device was designed by Benjamin Franklin, who aroused the people of Philadelphia when, during the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spaniards threatened that city.
2. The shield on the device is that of William Penn, while the colors of the wreath, red and white, denote the predominantly English origin of the early settlements.

• Background:

1. The distinctive unit insignia was originally authorized for the 28th Infantry Division Headquarters; Headquarters Detachment, 28th Division; Headquarters Company, 28th Division; Headquarters Special Troops, 28th Division and Headquarters Detachment Special Troops, 28th Division on 1929-02-06.
2. It was redesignated for the non-color bearing units of the 28th Infantry Division on 1968-07-10.

Lineage

Headquarters, Division of the National Guard of Pennsylvania

• Organized 1879-03-12—1879-03-20 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as Headquarters, Division of the National Guard of Pennsylvania.
• Mustered into federal service 1916-06-29 at Mount Gretna as Headquarters, 7th Division for service in Punitive Expedition.
• Mustered out 1917-02-23 at Philadelphia.
• Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Redesignated 1917-09-01 as Headquarters, 28th Division.
• Demobilized 1919-05-17 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1921-12-22 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Philadelphia.
• Headquarters Detachment, 28th Division, organized and federally recognized 1921-12-21 at Philadelphia.
• Location of Headquarters changed 1933-03-12 to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
• HHD, 28th Division, inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Harrisburg and Philadelphia.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1942-02-17 as Headquarters, 28th Infantry Division.
• Inactivated 1945-12-13 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1946-11-20 at Harrisburg. Headquarters Company, 28th Infantry Division, concurrently reorganized and federally recognized at Harrisburg from the 28th Reconnaissance Troop, Mechanized [see 28th Reconnaissance Troop section below).
• HHC, 28th Infantry Division, ordered into active federal service 1950-09-05 at Harrisburg.
• HHC, 28th Infantry Division (NGUS), organized and federally recognized 1953-06-22 at Harrisburg.
• Released from active federal service 1954-06-15 and reverted to state control, federal recognition concurrently withdrawn from HHC, 28th Infantry Division (NGUS).
• Headquarters Company, 28th Infantry Division, consolidated 1959-07-01 with the Medical Detachment, Division Headquarters, 28th Infantry Division (See Medical Detachment Below), and the 28th Military Police Company (See Headquarters Detachment, Pennsylvania Supply Train, Below), and consolidated unit designated as Headquarters Company, 28th Infantry Division.)

Harrisburg Rifles/First City Zouaves

• Organized 1861-04-15 in the Pennsylvania Militia at Harrisburg as the Harrisburg Rifles.
• Redesignated 1861-06-01 as the First City Zouaves.
• Mustered into federal service 1862-05-27,
• Mustered out 1862-05-28.
• Mustered into federal service 1862-07-26 at Harrisburg as Company A, 127th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered out 1863-05-08 at Harrisburg.
• Mustered into active state service 1863-06-29 at Harrisburg as the 2nd Company, Pennsylvania Volunteer Emergency Militia;
• Mustered out 1863-07-06.
• Reorganized 1869-03-08 in the Pennsylvania Militia at Harrisburg as the First City Zouaves.
• Pennsylvania Militia redesignated 1870-04-07 as the Pennsylvania National Guard.
• Redesignated 1870-12-16 as Company A, First City Zouaves Battalion.
• Redesignated 1871-11-17 as the City Grays.
• Redesignated 1874-06-30 as Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered into federal service 1898-05-12 at Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania as Company D, 8th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry;
• Mustered out 1899-05-07 at Augusta, Georgia.
• Reorganized 1899-04-21 at Harrisburg as Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment.
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Mustered into federal service in Punitive Expedition 1916-07-09 at Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Mustered out 1917-02-27 at Harrisburg.
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Mustered into federal service 1917-07-19 at Harrisburg;
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Consolidated 1917-10-11 with Company D, 16th Infantry Regiment, PAARNG and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as Company D, 112th Infantry Regiment, an element of the 28th Division.
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment Demobilized 1919-05-06 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
• Company D, 8th Infantry Regiment, reorganized and federally recognized 1920-07-27 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Harrisburg as Company D. 8th Infantry.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1921-04-01 as Headquarters Company, 55th Infantry Brigade, an element of the 28th Division.
• Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Harrisburg.
• Converted and redesignated 1942-02-17 as the 28th Mechanized Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop, an element of the 28th Infantry Division.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1943-08-17 as the 28th Reconnaissance Troop, Mechanized.
• Inactivated 1945-10-27 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1946-11-20 at Harrisburg as Headquarters Company, 28th Infantry Division.

Medical Department Detachment

Organized and federally recognized 1922-02-10 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Harrisburg as the Medical Department Detachment, 28th Division Quartermaster Train.

• Reorganized and redesignated 1936-04-17 as the Medical Department Detachment, 103rd Quartermaster Regiment, an element of the 28th Division. Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Harrisburg.
• 103rd Quartermaster Regiment reorganized and redesignated 1942-02-17 as the 103rd Quartermaster Battalion, an element of the 28th Infantry Division;
• Reorganized and redesignated 1942-11-12 as the 28th Quartermaster Company, an element of the 28th Infantry Division;
• Inactivated 1945-12-03 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
• Former Medical Department Detachment, 103d Quartermaster Regiment, reorganized and federally recognized 1946-11-20 at Harrisburg as Headquarters, Special Troops, 28th Infantry Division.
• Converted and redesignated 1949-02-01 as the Medical Detachment, 28th Infantry Division.
• Ordered into active federal service 1950-09-05 at Harrisburg.
• Medical Detachment, 28th Infantry Division [NGUS], organized and federally recognized 1953-10-12 at Harrisburg.
• Released from active federal service 1954-06-15 and reverted to state control; federal recognition concurrently withdrawn from the Medical Detachment, 28th Infantry Division (NGUS).

Headquarters Detachment, Pennsylvania Supply Train

• Organized in July 1917 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Harrisburg as Headquarters Detachment, Pennsylvania Supply Train.
• Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1917-10-11 as Headquarters Company, 103rd Supply Train, an element of the 28th Division.
• Demobilized 1919-05-20 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
• Reorganized 1921-12-15 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Harrisburg as Headquarters Detachment, 28th Division Quartermaster Train;
• Federally recognized 1921-12-22.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1936-04-17 as Headquarters Company, 103rd Quartermaster Regiment, an element of the 28th Division.
• Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Harrisburg.
• 103rd Quartermaster Regiment reorganized and redesignated 1942-02-17 as the 103rd Quartermaster Battalion, an element of the 28th Infantry Division;
• Reorganized and redesignated 1942-11-12 as the 28th Quartermaster Company, an element of the 28th Infantry Division;
• Inactivated 1945-12-03 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.)
• Former Headquarters Company, 103rd Quartermaster Regiment, converted and redesignated 1946-05-24 as the 28th Military Police Company, an element of the 28th Infantry Division.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1946-11-20 at Harrisburg.
• Ordered into active federal service 1950-09-05 at Harrisburg.
• 28th Military Police Company [NGUS] organized and federally recognized 1953-06-23 at Harrisburg.
• Released from active federal service 1954-06-15 and reverted to state control; federal recognition concurrently withdrawn from the 28th Military Police Company (NGUS).
• Home Station: Harrisburg

Washington Guards

• Organized 1872-07-01 at Washington, Pennsylvania as the Washington Guards.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1873-11-28 in the Pennsylvania National Guard as Company H, 10th Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered into federal service 1898-05-12 at Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania as Company H, 10th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry;
• Mustered out 1899-08-22 at San Francisco, California.
• Reorganized in 1900 at Washington as Company H, 10th Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered into federal service 1916-07-02 at Mount Gretna;
• Mustered out 1916-10-25—1916-11-01 at Washington.
• Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Consolidated 1917-10-11 with Company H, 3rd Infantry Regiment (PAARNG), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as Company H, 110th Infantry Regiment, an element of the 28th Division.
• Demobilized 1919-05-24 at Camp Dix, New Jersey. Former Company H, 110th Infantry Regiment,
• Reorganized 1920-06-28 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Washington as Company H, 10th Infantry;
• Federally recognized 1920-07-12.
• Redesignated 1921-04-01 as Company H, 110th Infantry, an element of the 28th Division (later redesignated as the 28th Infantry Division).
• Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Washington.
• Inactivated 1945-10-25 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1946-09-03 at Washington.
• Ordered into active federal service 1950-09-05 at Washington.
• Company H, 110th Infantry [NGUS], organized and federally recognized 1953-06-22 at Washington.
• Released from active federal service 1954-06-15 and reverted to state control; federal recognition concurrently withdrawn from Company H, 110th Infantry (NGUS).
• Reorganized and redesignated 1959-06-01 as part of Company C, 1st Battle Group, 110th Infantry.
• Consolidated 1963-04-01 with Headquarters Company, 1st Battle Group, 110th Infantry (see 1/110th Infantry Regiment below), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as HHC, 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.
• Converted and redesignated 1968-02-17 as the 689th Military Police Company and relieved from assignment to the 28th Infantry Division.
• Converted and redesignated 1969-08-01 as the 408th General Supply Company.
• Converted and redesignated 1975-04-01 as HHC, 2nd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.

Company K, 11th infantry Regiment, PAARNG

• Organized 1898-07-29 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Scranton as Company K. 11th Infantry Regiment.
• Redesignated 1899-08-08 as Company K, 13th Infantry.
• Mustered into federal service 1916-09-26 at Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania.
• Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Consolidated 1917-10-11 with Company K, 1st Infantry Regiment (organized in 1876), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as Company K, 109th Infantry, an element of the 28th Division.
• Demobilized 1919-05-20 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
• Former Company K, 13th Infantry Regiment, reorganized 1920-07-06 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Scranton, Pennsylvania as Company K, 13th Infantry;
• Federally recognized 1920-07-20.
• Redesignated 1921-04-01 as Company B, 109th Infantry, an element of the 28th Division (later redesignated as the 28th Infantry Division).
• Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Scranton, Pennsylvania.
• Inactivated 1945-10-22 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1946-12-17.
• Ordered into active federal service 1950-09-05 at Scranton.
• Company B, 109th Infantry (NGUS), organized and federally recognized 1953-07-13 at Scranton.
• Released from active federal service 1954-06-15 and reverted to state control; federal recognition concurrently withdrawn from Company B. 109th Infantry (NGUS).
• Reorganized and redesignated 1959-06-01 as Company B. 1st Battle Group, 109th Infantry.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1963-04-01 as HHC, 3rd Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.
• Redesignated 1968-02-17 as HHC, 55th Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.
• Home Station: Scranton, Pennsylvania

Weccacoe Fire Company

• Organized 1800-05-01 at Philadelphia as the Weccacoe Fire Company of the Philadelphia City Volunteer Fire Department.
• Reorganized as Company B, 72nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Fire Zouave Regiment), and mustered into federal service 1861-08-10 at Philadelphia;
• Mustered out 1864-08-24 at Philadelphia.
• Reorganized 1867-09-17 in the Pennsylvania Militia at Philadelphia as Company A, Weccacoe Legion.
• Redesignated 1868-03-06 as Company A, Keystone Guards.
• Disbanded 1868-09-30 at Philadelphia (Weccacoe Fire Company remained in service as a separate organization).
• Pennsylvania Militia redesignated 1870-04-07 as the Pennsylvania National Guard.
• Weccacoe Legion reorganized 1870-04-29 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Philadelphia as a company.
• Expanded 1878-10-22 — 1878-10-26 as a battalion.
• Former Company A, Keystone Guards, reorganized 1878-10-30 as Company A, Weccacoe Legion.
• Redesignated 1879-07-31 as Company E, 3rd Infantry Regiment.
• Redesignated 1880-10-31 as Company A, 3rd Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered into federal service 1898-05-11 at Mount Gretna, as Company A, 3rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry;
• Mustered out 1898-10-22 at Philadelphia.
• Reorganized 1899-02-01 at Philadelphia as Company A, 3rd Infantry Regiment.
• Mustered into federal service 1916-07-01 at Philadelphia;
• Mustered out 1916-10-18.
• Mustered into federal service 1917-03-28 at Philadelphia;
• Drafted into federal service 1917-08-05.
• Consolidated 1917-10-11 with Company A, 10th Infantry Regiment (organized in 1869), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as Company A, 110th Infantry, an element of the 28th Division.
• Demobilized 1919-05-24 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
• Former Company A, 3rd Infantry Regiment, reorganized 1920-08-02 in the Pennsylvania National Guard at Philadelphia as Company A, 3rd Infantry;
• Federally recognized 1920-08-07.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1921-04-01 as the Howitzer Company, 111th Infantry, an element of the 28th Division.
• Consolidated 1939-10-01 with Headquarters Company, 111th Infantry (see Headquarters Company, 6th Infantry Below), and consolidated unit designated as Headquarters Company, 111th Infantry.
• Inducted into federal service 1941-02-17 at Philadelphia.
• 111th Infantry relieved 1942-02-17 from assignment to the 28th Division.
• Inactivated 1945-11-22 at Camp Anza, California.
• Reorganized and federally recognized 1947-02-27 at Philadelphia.
• Consolidated 1959-06-01 with the Medical Company, 111th Infantry (see Medical Company, 111th Infantry Below), and consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as Headquarters Company, 1st Battle Group, 111th Infantry, an element of the 28th Infantry Division.
• Reorganized and redesignated 1963-04-01 as HHC, 1st Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.
• Redesignated 1968-02-17 as HHC, 56th Brigade, 42d Infantry Division.
• Redesignated 1975-04-01 as HHC, 56th Brigade, 28th Infantry Division.

See also

• Fort Indiantown Gap
• Pennsylvania National Guard

References

• The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950 reproduced at CMH.
• 2nd Brigade Website

External links

• 28th Division (Mechanized) official website
• GlobalSecurity.org 28th Infantry Division
• The Paris photo
• Roll On: The Story of the 28th Infantry Division
• Fact Sheet of the 28th Infantry Division from http://www.battleofthebulge.org
• 28th at Camp Atterbury during Korean War
• The 28th Division: Pennsylvania's Guard (Fully Searchable Regimental Histories and Musters)

Bibliography

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