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Millennium: 4th millennium BC
Centuries: 33rd century BC · 32nd century BC · 31st century BC
Decades: 3190s BC 3180s BC 3170s BC 3160s BC 3150s BC
3140s BC 3130s BC 3120s BC 3110s BC 3100s BC
Categories: Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments

Contents

Events

Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.

Significant persons

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

  • 3102 BC—According to Hindu tradition, the Kali Yuga begins with the disappearance of Krishna, marking the end of the Dvapara Yuga, after which the epic heroes of the Mahabharata the Pandavas retire to the Himalayas.
  • 3114 BC—According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the current Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year.[2] The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other (earlier) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point. The system originated sometime in the Mid- to Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC.[3] The starting point of the most commonly used highest-order cycle[4]—the b'ak'tun-cycle consisting of thirteen b'ak'tuns of 144,000 days each—was projected back to an earlier, mythical date. This date is equivalent to 11 August 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar (or 6 September in the proleptic Julian calendar), using the correlation known as the "Goodman-Martinéz-Thompson (GMT) correlation". The GMT-correlation is worked out with the Long Count starting date equivalent to the Julian Day Number (JDN) equal to 584283, and is accepted by most Mayanist scholars as providing the best fit with the ethnohistorical data.[5] Two succeeding dates, the 12th and 13th of August (Gregorian) have also been supported, with the 13th (JDN = 584285, the "astronomical" or "Lounsbury" correlation) attracting significant support as according better with astronomical observational data.[6] Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count, the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary Mayanists. All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted.[5] The end of the thirteenth baktun is either on December 21 or 23 of 2012.
  • 3100 BC—the earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins.

Notes

  1. ^ Cuneiform clay tablet translated for the first time
  2. ^ See Finley (2002), Houston (1989, pp.49–51), Miller and Taube (1993, pp.50–52), Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.), Voss (2006, p.138), Wagner (2006, pp.281–283). Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly writes "3113 BC" (when "-3113" is meant), and Miller and Taube 1993's mention of "2 August" is a (presumed) erratum.
  3. ^ Miller and Taube (1993, p.50), Schele and Freidel (1990)
  4. ^ Most commonly used in the Classic period Maya inscriptions; some other Maya calendar inscriptions of this period note even longer cycles, while later Postclassic-era inscriptions in Maya cities of northern Yucatán generally used an abbreviated form known as the Short Count. See Miller and Taube (1993, p.50); Voss (2006, p.138).
  5. ^ a b See survey by Finley (2002).
  6. ^ After a modified proposal championed by Floyd Lounsbury; sources that have used this 584285 correlation include Houston (1989, p.51), and in particular Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.). See also commentary by Finley (2002), who although making an assessment that the "[584285 correlation] is now more popular with Mayanists", expresses a personal preference for the 584283 correlation.

References

Finley, Michael (2002). "The Correlation Question". The Real Maya Prophecies: Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices. Maya Astronomy. http://members.shaw.ca/mjfinley/corr.html. Retrieved 2007-06-04.  
Miller, Mary; and Karl Taube (1993). The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05068-6.  
Schele, Linda; and David Freidel (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-07456-1.  
Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics". in Nikolai Grube (Ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 130–143. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.  
Wagner, Elizabeth (2006). "Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography". in Nikolai Grube (ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (Assistant Eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 280–293. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.  

Decades and years

Decades and years

32nd century BC
34th century BC←33rd century BC← ↔ →31st century BC→30th century BC

3209–3200 BC 3209 BC 3208 BC 3207 BC 3206 BC 3205 BC 3204 BC 3203 BC 3202 BC 3201 BC 3200 BC
3190s BC 3199 BC 3198 BC 3197 BC 3196 BC 3195 BC 3194 BC 3193 BC 3192 BC 3191 BC 3190 BC
3180s BC 3189 BC 3188 BC 3187 BC 3186 BC 3185 BC 3184 BC 3183 BC 3182 BC 3181 BC 3180 BC
3170s BC 3179 BC 3178 BC 3177 BC 3176 BC 3175 BC 3174 BC 3173 BC 3172 BC 3171 BC 3170 BC
3160s BC 3169 BC 3168 BC 3167 BC 3166 BC 3165 BC 3164 BC 3163 BC 3162 BC 3161 BC 3160 BC
3150s BC 3159 BC 3158 BC 3157 BC 3156 BC 3155 BC 3154 BC 3153 BC 3152 BC 3151 BC 3150 BC
3140s BC 3149 BC 3148 BC 3147 BC 3146 BC 3145 BC 3144 BC 3143 BC 3142 BC 3141 BC 3140 BC
3130s BC 3139 BC 3138 BC 3137 BC 3136 BC 3135 BC 3134 BC 3133 BC 3132 BC 3131 BC 3130 BC
3120s BC 3129 BC 3128 BC 3127 BC 3126 BC 3125 BC 3124 BC 3123 BC 3122 BC 3121 BC 3120 BC
3110s BC 3119 BC 3118 BC 3117 BC 3116 BC 3115 BC 3114 BC 3113 BC 3112 BC 3111 BC 3110 BC
3109–3100 BC 3109 BC 3108 BC 3107 BC 3106 BC 3105 BC 3104 BC 3103 BC 3102 BC 3101 BC 3100 BC
3090s BC 3099 BC 3098 BC 3097 BC 3096 BC 3095 BC 3094 BC 3093 BC 3092 BC 3091 BC 3090 BC
Centuries and millennia

Genealogy

Up to date as of February 01, 2010

From Familypedia

Millennium:
Centuries:  ·  ·
Decades:
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Contents

Events

Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.

Significant persons

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

  • 3114 BC — According to the most widely-accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the current Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year.[1] The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other (earlier) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point. The system originated sometime in the Mid– to Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC.[2] The starting point of the most commonly used highest-order cycle[3] Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count, the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary Mayanists. All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted.[4]
  • 3102 BC — Year 0 of the Kali Yuga begins.
  • c. 3100 BC the earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins.

Decades and years

Decades and Years
32nd century BC


[[::Template:Centurybox/centh|Template:Centurybox/centh]] ←[[::Template:Centurybox/centh|Template:Centurybox/centh]] ← ↔ →[[::Template:Centurybox/centh|Template:Centurybox/centh]]→[[::Template:Centurybox/centh|Template:Centurybox/centh]]

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Centuries and Millennia
Millennium Century
Before Christ / Before Common Era (BC/BCE)
4th: 40th 39th 38th 37th 36th 35th 34th 33rd 32nd 31st
3rd: 30th 29th 28th 27th 26th 25th 24th 23rd 22nd 21st
2nd: 20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th
1st: 10th   9th   8th   7th   6th   5th   4th   3rd   2nd   1st
Anno Domini / Common Era (AD/CE)
1st:   1st   2nd   3rd   4th   5th   6th   7th   8th   9th 10th
2nd: 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th
3rd: 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th
4th: 31st

Notes

  1. ^ See Finley (2002), Houston (1989, pp.49–51), Miller and Taube (1993, pp.50–52), Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.), Voss (2006, p.138), Wagner (2006, pp.281–283). Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly writes "3113 BC" (when "-3113" is meant), and Miller and Taube 1993's mention of "2 August" is a (presumed) erratum.
  2. ^ Miller and Taube (1993, p.50), Schele and Freidel (1990)
  3. ^ Most commonly used in the Classic period Maya inscriptions; some other Maya calendar; sources which have used this 584285 correlation include Houston (1989, p.51), and in particular Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.). See also commentary by Finley (2002), who although making an assessment that the "[584285 correlation] is now more popular with Mayanists", expresses a personal preference for the 584283 correlation.
  4. ^ See survey by Finley (2002).

References

  •    Finley, Michael (2002). The Correlation Question. The Real Maya Prophecies: Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices. Maya Astronomy. Retrieved on 2007-06-04.
  •    Miller, Mary; and Karl Taube (1993). The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05068-6. 
  •    Schele, Linda; and David Freidel (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-07456-1. 
  •    Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics", in Nikolai Grube (Ed.): Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest, Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.), Cologne: Könemann Press, pp.130–143. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439. 
  •    Wagner, Elizabeth (2006). "Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography", in Nikolai Grube (ed.): Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest, Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (Assistant Eds.), Cologne: Könemann Press, pp.280–293. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439. 


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