| 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Brigade Landstorm Nederland | |
|---|---|
 Insignia of the 34th Volunteer Grenadier Division |
|
| Active | 12 March, 1943 - 5 May, 1945 |
| Country |  Nazi
Germany |
| Branch |  Waffen SS |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Martin Kohlroser |
The 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland. was a Waffen SS Division during World War II. It was formed by the converting the SS Volunteer Grenadier-Brigade Landstorm Nederland. into a division. It comprised volunteers of Dutch background and saw action on the Western Front, but its strength never reached more than a brigade.
Contents |
After the successful formation of the 4.SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier Brigade Nederland, it was decided that a second Dutch SS formation should be raised. The recruits were drawn mostly from the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (the Dutch Nazi Party). The NSB leader, Anton Mussert encouraged his followers to join the new formation.
In 1940 Arthur Seyss-Inquart, the Reichskommissar for The Netherlands, had approved the creation of an NSB paramilitary police formation named Landwacht Niederlande. The Landwacht served as an auxiliary police force and was involved in the rounding up of Jews, Communists and other groups deemed undesirable by the Seyss-Inquart and the NSB.
On 12 March 1943, the Waffen SS ordered the formation of a Dutch
volunteer regiment, the SS-Grenadier Regiment 1
Landwacht Niederlande. Unlike the
Nederland brigade, the Landwacht Niederlande was
to be a territorial defence unit, and so recruits did not have to
fear service on the Eastern Front. Recruits
for the Landwacht Niederlande flowed in. Service in the
regiment meant a job, money, food and an escape from forced labour
in munitions factories. Added to this, the regiment was not
officially a part of the SS, and so the SS runes were not present
on the volunteers uniforms, with the traditional grenade of
Landwacht units being worn in its place.
While many recruits were drawn from the paramilitary formation of
the same name, a recruitment drive resulted in 130 Dutch veterans
from the 5.SS-Panzergrenadier-Division
Wiking and 11.SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Division
Nordland transferring to the new formation. While
these veterans provided the cadre of NCOs for the new formation,
the formation was officered by German SS men, and no Dutchman was
ever promoted to a higher rank than company commander.
On 16 October 1943, the regiment's title was changed to SS-Grenadier-Regiment 1 Landstorm Nederland. By this time the regiment numbered 2,400 men and was still growing. Mussert was pleased, and together with the Nederland Brigade, he saw the Dutch SS as the forerunners of a new Dutch army. However, Hanns Albin Rauter, head of the SS and Police for the Netherlands planned to firmly bring the NSB under SS control, and the Nederland and Landstorm formations were steps in this direction.
After the Allied breakout from Normandy, Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group began its advance along the Channel Coast towards Germany. In early September, two battalions of the Landstorm were rushed to the front in Belgium. The formation was tasked with defending the Albert Canal around the areas of Merksem and Hasselt. Poorly armed and with minimal combat experience, the two battalions fared poorly during a battle with the Free-Dutch Koninklijke Nederlandse Brigade "Prinses Irene" and was soon forced to withdraw.
On 17 September, Montgomery launched Operation Market Garden an airborne offensive aimed at securing a crossing over the Rhine at Arnhem, in the central-eastern part of The Netherlands. The Landstorm's III. Battalion was completing its training near Hoogeveen. The partially trained and equipped formation was attached to the 9.SS-Panzer-Division Hohenstaufen and sent into combat against the British 1st Airborne Division in Arnhem. Having little faith in the Dutch volunteers' combat ability, the Hohenstaufen's commander held them back from action for as long as possible. On 21 September, the III./Landstorm was committed to action near the town of Elst on the Arnhem-Nijmegen highway (in the Eastern part of the Betuwe, then known as men's island or "Manneneiland" due to it being enclosed by large rivers and all civilians having been evacuated). After holding the town for several days, the Landstorm was finally pushed back by the British 43rd (Wessex) Division. The battalion was pulled out of the line on 25 September.
On 1 November, the Landstorm was redesignated
SS Volunteer Grenadier Brigade Landstorm
Nederland.. The existing three battalions were to
form the 83.SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Regiment, and the
SS-Wachbataillon Nordwest to form the
84.SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Regiment. Many of the new recruits
were members of the Jeugdstorm, the NSB's youth organisation. After
a brief period of refitting, the Landstorm was ordered to
take up defensive positions near the Waal and Rhine
rivers.
On 10 February 1945, the Landstorm again had its status
raised. It was now to be designated 34th SS Volunteer
Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland.. Despite
this fact, the unit could hardly muster the strength of a weak
brigade. The Division was almost immediately ordered to relieve
Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 7, at that time defending the Rhine, in
the area between Betuwe and Rhenen. Much of the area had been
flooded to assist the overstretched German forces in their defence.
Facing the division was the Koninklijke
Nederlandse Brigade "Prinses Irene", the British 49th (West Riding) Infantry
Division and several Canadian formations. The morale of the Division suffered when facing the
Princess Irene, as the men were hesitant to fight their own
countrymen, and several members had relatives serving with the
Princess Irene.
Despite this, the division fought well, capturing a British strong
point near Zetten. However,
under sustained combat, morale continued to drop and desertions
increased. A plot to assassinate several officers and surrender
leaked, and the responsible men were court martialed and shot. As
the war drew to a close, attacks on the civilian population by the
division increased, and the men of the 84th SS Volunteer Grenadier
Regiment in particular were involved in several atrocities. Forced
back to the area near Oosterbeek, the remnants of the division
surrendered on 5 May 1945.
A small unit of fanatics held out in the village of Veenendaal, engaging in
combat with the Binnenlandse
Strijdkrachten until surrendering on 9 May to the 49th (West
Riding) Division.
As collaborators, the majority of the survivors were imprisoned, and several were murdered in acts of revenge.
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
  | Netherlanders in the Waffen SS - Nederlanders in de Waffen-SS |
|
|
Wikis
Quiz
Map
Search
— 
