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Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop CS4 running on Windows
Developer(s)	Adobe Systems
Stable release	CS4 (11.0.1) / February 24, 2009; 12 month(s) ago (2009-02-24)
Written in	C++
Platform	Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows
Available in	27 languages
Type	Raster graphics editor
License	Proprietary software
Website	Adobe Photoshop Homepage

Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals"^[1] and was one of the early "killer applications" on the Macintosh, later also for MS Windows.^[2]

Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is included in most of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings.

Photoshop's popularity, combined with its high retail price, makes Photoshop's piracy rate relatively high.^[3] Adobe countered by including SafeCast DRM starting with Adobe Photoshop CS.

Development

Early history

Photoshop 1.0.7 running in System 6.

In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro.^[4] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.^[5]

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.^[4] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.^[6]

Features

Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. The .PSD (Photoshop Document), Photoshop's native format, stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality.

Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects, to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. Photoshop is a pixel-based image editor, unlike programs such as Macromedia FreeHand (now defunct), Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDraw, which are vector-based image editors.

Photoshop can utilize the color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, binary bitmap, and duotone. Photoshop has the ability to read and write raster and vector image formats such as .EPS, .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, and Adobe Fireworks.

CS3

Smart Layers display the filter without altering the original image (here on Mac OS X)

New features propagating productivity include streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options, enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools new to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology.^[7]

CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video, and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM file support.^[8]

CS4

Photoshop CS4 features additions such as the ability to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes, convert gradient maps to 3D objects, add depth to layers and text, get print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine, and enjoy exporting to supported common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask Panels; Content-aware scaling (also known as seam carving^[9]); Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options.^[10] On 30 April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same features of Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4 is the first 64-bit Photoshop on consumer computers (only on Windows – the OS X version is still 32-bit only.)^[11]

CS5

Adobe is currently developing Photoshop CS5, which is expected to be released in mid-2010.^[12] In a video posted on its official Facebook page, the development team revealed the new technologies under development, including three dimensional brushes and warping tools.^[13] Adobe CS5 is expected to make strong use of CUDA technology on Nvidia graphics cards. ^[14]

Language availabilities

Photoshop is available in the following languages:

Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish and Ukrainian.^[15]

The Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Middle Eastern, and North African language versions are available from Winsoft.^[15]

Plugins

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins which act like mini-editors that modify the image. The most common type are filter plugins that provide various image effects. They are located in the 'Filter' menu. Photoshop plugin API has become a standard, and many other image editors also support Photoshop Plugins.

Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resultant images can be processed by Photoshop.^[16] It is invoked by attempting to open such a file, rather than from the 'Filter' menu, but like other plugins is listed in the 'Help > About Plug-In' menu (as "Camera Raw").

Trademark

Adobe discourages use of "Photoshop" as a verb, as in using photoshopping to refer to photo editing or image manipulation, to prevent its trademark from becoming a genericized trademark.^[17] Nevertheless, photoshop is commonly used as a verb.^[18] Its essential ubiquity in the high-end market almost assures that it will be inducted into reference works (such as dictionaries) as a viable definition for any type of computerised image alteration, whether done through the use of the software or not.

Consumer market

While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program for professional raster graphics and other digital art, its relatively high suggested retail price has led to a number of competing graphics tools, such as GIMP, Pixel Image Editor, Paint.NET, 36-image converter (for Windows only) and GraphicConverter (for Mac OSX only), becoming popular. To compete in this market, and to counter unusually high rates of piracy of its high end products, the company introduced a consumer-oriented version of Photoshop as Adobe Photoshop Elements. A more user-friendly interface and new tools such as the "red-eye" reduction brush were aimed firmly at the more casual image editor. Many professional features were omitted. Removing CMYK functionality, for example, initially made Elements unsuitable for commercial prepress work; paradoxically, the ability of Adobe InDesign to enable an entirely RGB workflow has meant that Elements can now be used as part of a professional workflow.^[19]

See also

Jack-o-lantern photo with Photoshop posterize and watercolor filters applied.

• Adobe Photoshop Express
• Adobe Photoshop Elements
• Adobe Photoshop Lightroom
• Photoshop contest
• Image editing

References

External links

• Official website
• Photoshop at the Open Directory Project
• The Vintage Mac Museum

From Wikiversity

Adobe Photoshop Department

Welcome to the School of Graphic Design's Adobe Photoshop Department. In this department, you will learn the basic elements of Adobe Photoshop and how to use it to accomplish simple tasks. Many versions of Photoshop are used in these lessons, as this was created by many users. Use the screenshots as a guideline, not as a definitive. The lessons in this department will walk you through a variety of subject areas, including Photo Editing, Vector Graphics, Print Design, and how to implement typography and design principles into your artwork. We will also discuss commercial applications of Photoshop and how it ties into the Adobe Creative Suite product line.

Other Creative Suite Training Resources:

Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe InDesign
Adobe Dreamweaver

Department news

• Wednesday, January 23, 2008 - Minor page reformat, intro beef
• Saturday, April 28, 2007 - Added diagram of workspace and toolbox, lessons reorganized into parts
• Sunday, December 17, 2006 - Basics lesson finished.
• Monday, December 4, 2006 - Department founded!

Active participants

Active participants in this Learning Group

The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better; for large departments a list of active participants is not needed).

• Mhurgaiya 14:19, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

• Dekenet 04:05, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
• --unknown001 11:56, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Please see Directions for use for more information.

Lessons

PART ONE: GETTING STARTED WITH PHOTOSHOP

1. Introduction To Adobe Photoshop
2. The Photoshop Workspace
3. Creating A New File

PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHOTOSHOP TOOLBAR

1. Marquee Tool
2. Move Tool
3. Lasso Tool
4. Magic Wand Tool
5. Crop Tool

1. Slice Tool
2. Healing Brush Tools
3. Patch Tool
4. Red Eye Tool
5. Brush Tool

1. Pencil Tool
2. Color Replacement Tool
3. Clone Stamp Tool
4. Pattern Stamp Tool
5. History Brush Tools

1. Eraser Tool
2. Background Eraser Tool
3. Magic Eraser Tool
4. Paint Bucket Tool
5. Gradient Tool

1. Blur Tool
2. Sharpen Tool
3. Smudge Tool
4. Path Selection Tool
5. Direct Selection Tool

1. Type Tools
2. Pen Tools
3. Shape Tools
4. Notes Tool
5. Eyedropper Tool

PART THREE: BASIC EDITING

PART FOUR: ADVANCED EDITING TUTORIALS

1. Background Removal
2. Converting Color Photographs To Black & White

PART FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS TUTORIALS & INFORMATION

1. Using Keyboard Shortcuts
2. Understanding File Types

Learning Project Summary

• Project code:
• Suggested Prerequisites:
  • ...
• Time investment:
• Assessment suggestions:
• Portal:
• School:
• Department:
• Stream
• Level:

Content summary

[Describe this learning project in a sentence or two.]

Goals

This learning project offers learnings activities to teach people how to use Adobe Photoshop, a graphics editing program for Windows and Macintosh platforms. Starting with the very basics, people will learn the various functions of the program through a series of hands-on tutorials, and learn how to use them together to create different results.

• etc.

Concepts to learn include: /concepts

Learning materials

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!

You should also read about the Wikiversity:Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

• ...

Texts

• b:__Textbook Name___
• ...

Lessons

Lesson 1 Orientation

Adobe Photoshop. Photoshop can be used for many different reasons; mainly graphic design and photo editing. As a beginner you should familiarize yourself with the filters and tools and explore what Photoshop has to offer.

Section 1: Playing with filters.

Try this: Begin with a pure black background. Use the filter "Lense Flare" with the basic settings, or your own settings. Now desaturate with Ctrl-Shift-U then use a color balance Ctrl-B. Play with all the settings... Once you've picked a good color, click Filter> Distort> Polar coordinates In the window that opens click Polar to rectangular.

Assignments

Activities

• Activity 1.
• etc.

Readings

Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.

• Reading 1.
• Study guide:
• Wikipedia article: w: __Article Name__
• ect.

References, Tutorials & More

Additional helpful readings include:

PixelPerfect - Incredible Weekly Video Tutorials available free in streaming and HD formats by Bert Monroy [1]

Photoshop TV / NAPP TV- Free Weekly Show by the National Association of Photoshop Professionals [2] Only downside is previous episodes are $1.99 each however, many back episodes are also available free on Google Video [3]

Photoshop tutorials - Categorized tutorials for Photoshop [

http://www.example.com link title

[[File:[[[<math>\[[Media:[[Media:[[File: == <references/><references/><big>_big--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~ ---- ---- ---- ---- #REDIRECT [[#REDIRECT [[Insert text]]#REDIRECT [[]]]]</big> == ]]]]]]</math>]]]]]]

Submitting a Ps project

Here you can submit your self-done Ps project.--unknown001 12:05, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Note Help:Media_Files#Uploadable filetypes. Ps projects themselves aren't permitted filetypes by the Wikimedia Foundation (mainly because they are closed format). You could upload instead e.g., to Google and link to them from here. -- Jtneill - Talk - c 12:26, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Another note: users can upload their Ps works here if they saved it as .jpeg. This can be done by uploading the photo using the wikiversity toolbox and then, after uploading it, just copy and paste its name instead of example.jpeg when inserting an embedded file while editing this page and that is how I have put this Ps work here.--unknown001 17:02, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

--unknown001 16:55, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

See also

From Wikia Gaming, your source for walkthroughs, games, guides, and more!

Adobe Photoshop
Developer Adobe Systems Operating System Mac OS, Microsoft Windows Latest version CS3 (10.0) First release February 1990 Use Raster graphics editor License Proprietary Website [1] Website

This article is a stub. You can help by adding to it. Stubs are articles that writers have begun work on, but are not yet complete enough to be considered finished articles.

External Links

• Adobe Camera RAW

Tutorials

• Lunacore