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The Al Bin Ali (Arabic: آل بن علي) is an Arab tribe who were originally seafarers, they are based in the Persian Gulf states, especially Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a few residing in Abu Dhabi. This tribe has always been considered by British authorities since the eighteenth century until the beginning of the 20th century as a hostile tribe which poses a threat to british interests in the Gulf countries, especially Bahrain, Qatar, and Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
The Al Bin Ali Tribe are the original descendants of Bani Utbah tribe being that they are the only tribe to carry the last name Al-Utbi in their Ownership's documents of Palm gardens in Bahrain as early as the year 1699 - 1111 Hijri [1]. They are specifically descendants of their great grand father Ali Al-Utbi who is a descendant of their great grand father Utbah hence the name Bani Utbah which means sons of Utbah. Utbah is the great grandfather of the Bani Utbah which is a section of Khafaf from Bani Sulaim bin Mansoor from Mudhar from Adnan.The plural word for Al-Utbi is Utub and the name of the tribe is Bani Utbah.
The name Utub applies to whoever carried the last name Al-Utbi in their ownership's documents and whoever entered under their umbrella were also called Utub but they are considered to be Utub by name and not the original descendants of Utbah from the section of Khafaf from the Bani Sulaim tribe. The Al-Sabah and Al-Khalifah, respectively the royals of Kuwait and Bahrain were families that have entered under the umbrella of the Utub in Kuwait. Other families which have entered under the Utub umbrella are Al Jalahma, Al Ma'awdah, and Al Fadhil.Isa Bin Tarif, Chief of the Al Bin Ali Al-Utbi Tribe, was a descendant of the original Utbi conquerors of Bahrain [2]. Isa Bin Tarif was the Chief of the Al Bin Ali Tribe from the beginning of the 19th Century until his death in 1847.
The Al Bin Ali were a politically important group that moved backwards and forwards between Qatar and Bahrain, they were the original dominant group of Zubara area [3]. The Al Bin Ali were known for their courage, persistence, and abundant wealth [4]. They were also known historical wise as being a practically independent community in Bahrain since they are not forced to pay any sort of taxes by the Rulers of Bahrain Al Khalifa, therefore they were self-governed.
The Utub Al Bin Ali carry the Al-Sulami flag[5] as they call it in Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Eastern province in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The correct name literally is Al-Sulami and it is red and white and is distinguished with four red stripes with three white stripes.It was raised on their ships during wartime and in the pearl season and on special occasions such as weddings and during Eid and in the "Ardha of war" [6].
There is a neighourhood in Muharraq city named Al Bin Ali and it is the oldest and biggest neighborhood in Muharraq, members of this tribe lived in this area for more than two centuries.
The Utub have been present in the pearl banks of Bahrain in the seventeenth century [7]. One of the Documents which belongs to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al-Utbi one of the Shaikh's of the Al Bin Ali backs this statement about the presence of the Utub in Bahrain in the seventeenth century.
An ownership's document, belonging to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al-Utbi, states that Mariam Bint Ahmed Al Sindi, a shia women has sold a Palm Garden in the Island Of Sitra at Bahrain to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al-Utbi dating to the year 1699 - 1111 Hijri before the arrival of Al-Khalifa to Bahrain by more than 90 years. [8].
Another Document which belongs to Shaikh Mohamed Bin Derbas Al-Utbi states that Juma Bin Athbi Al-Jalhimi (the uncle of Rahmah Bin Jabir Al Jalahma) has sold a Palm Garden in the Island of Nabih Saleh in Bahrain to Shaikh Mohamed Bin Derbas Al-Utbi dating to the year 1804 [9].
The ruler of Basra has mentioned in an Ottoman document that the tribes of the Utub and Al-Khalayfat attacked Bahrain in revenge which was under the Persian rule due to their quarrel with the Howala Arabs when they (Utub and Al-Khalayfat) got attacked by the Howala Arabs when they were living in Bahrain. The Utub and Al-Khalayfat arrived at Basra and they had 150 ships and on each ship 2-3 cannons and 30-40 men carrying riffles. [10].
This document not only proves that the Utub were living in Bahrain in 1701 but it also proves that the Utub that were mentioned in the Ottoman Document that were living in Bahrain in the year 1701 were the Al Bin Ali because this document which was dated in 1701 is two years after Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al Utbi's buying of a Palm Garden in Bahrain which was dated in 1699 which means that the Utub that were meant were Al Bin Ali.
The Al Bin Ali defeated the army of Nasr Al-Madhkur in Zubarah in 1782.It is well know that the strategist of this battle was Shaikh Nasr Al-Madhkur, his sword fell into the hands of Salama Bin Saif Al Bin Ali after his army collapsed and his forces were defeated [11].
They kept inheriting it son to grand son until it was given as a gift to King AbdulAziz Al Saud. Today the sword is kept at the King AbdulAziz Museum at Riyadh, Capital of Saudi Arabia.
The following Afkhadh lived in Furaiha:
Al-Salamah, Al-Mijbil, Al-Amur, Al-Khanfar, Al-Jeda'e, and Al-Hamad.
The following Afkhadh lived in Zubarah:
Al-Tareef, Al-Lahdan, Al-Ghannam, Al-Taraymah, Al-Derbas, and Al-Butami.
Historian John Wilkinson mentions that the Al Bin Ali were the dominant tribe in Qatar.[12].
It was a custom of the Bani Utbah tribe Al Bin Ali that there were two chiefs as shaikhs of the tribe: one in Furaiha and the other in Zubarah.
All members of the tribe have one pride (Arabic: عزوة) and it is “ Alad Salim” which is awlad (sons of) Salim and this pride is used in the worst and at the hardest times to replenish the strength and desires of the tribe members.
Awlad Salim is a pride and it's based on the bigger section of Al Bin Ali and they are Al Salim but all members of the Tribe say this pride since they are all from Bani Salim and Bani Shudhaib who are cousins are brothers from blood so they all agree to say this pride.
Irshaid Bin Amar Al-Jeda’e Al-Bin Ali said:
We rode with money with men and our ships coming to us closer with so many things. They find it my friends from Alad Salim their fatalities are between the powerful heads.
Until he says:
And he warns you about Alad Salim if they get together. They are dangerous and sharp preys.
(Arabic: قال الشاعر ارشيد بن عمار آل جديع آل بن علي)
(Arabic: ركبنا بمال من رجال وسفننا تهادى بنا شبه لمهار العدايد يجدونها ربعي من آلاد سالم مصاريعها ما بين رؤوس الوسايد)
(Arabic: الى ان يقول)
(Arabic: وبحذرك عن آلاد سالم اذا إحتموا ترهم شواهين حداد الصوايد)
The Poet Abu Shahab mentions the battle of Gizgiz 1244 Hijri-1828:
With appraisal who call them selves awlad Salim Enemies of the enemy in the first folk And these are their habits in every battle how many times did they make them cry to the fullest
(Arabic: ومما قال الشاعر ابو شهاب يذكر وقعة قزقز سنة 1244 هجرى الموافق 1828م ونعم بمن يدعون بأولاد سالم عدوا عدوة في اول القوم هايلة وهذى لهم عادات في كل هيه كم واحد خلوه تبكي حلايله)
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