From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Some typical alcoholic beverages
.^ A malt beverage produced under this; subdivision may not contain more than six percent (6%) alcohol by volume.
^ II. That borders on a; county that has approved the sale of alcoholic beverages countywide and; contains an international airport; and .
^ If the seal on a container of alcoholic beverages has been broken, it; is opened within the meaning of this section.
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Class “F” beer permit (beer and wine wholesale) .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Air; carriers may sell and serve alcoholic beverages anywhere in this State to; passengers while in transit aboard any aircraft.
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell,; transport, import, deliver, furnish, purchase, consume, or possess any; alcoholic beverages except as authorized by the ABC law.
Each nation has laws that regulate their production, sale, and consumption.
.^ Any person who is over the lawful age to purchase and who aids or; abets another in violation of subsection (a), (a1), or (b) of this section; shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.
^ Any party may be represented by an attorney or another; person authorized by law.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
The minimum age varies between 16 and 25 depending on the nation and the type of drink.
.^ Persons must be 18 years of age or older to work in a state; liquor store.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
[1]
.^ Especially since most Muslims live in cultures where the penalty for Apostasy is Death and where people of other religions are subject to sometimes murderous persecution.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[2][3] .^ At no event; may the patron make available a quantity of alcoholic beverages in excess of; the amount a person is allowed to buy under G.S. 18B‑303(a).
^ Alcoholic beverages products sold during the event.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ These rules shall govern all forms prescribed by the; alcoholic beverages commission for use in proceedings before the division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
In many cultures,
drinking plays a significant role in social interaction — mainly because of alcohol’s neurological effects.
Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that has a
depressant effect.
.^ But low doses of chemicals, because they are legally considered to be at negligible levels, have no such notification or labeling requirements.
.^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
^ Air; carriers may sell and serve alcoholic beverages anywhere in this State to; passengers while in transit aboard any aircraft.
Types
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Beer
Main articles:
Beer,
Brewery,
Brewing, and
Mashing.^ THE; CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH, That whereas, the Principal has made; application for either a class “A” beer permit, class “A” wine permit, or a; class “F” beer permit to be issued by the Alcoholic Beverages Division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Use of establishment during hours; alcoholic liquor, wine, and beer cannot ; be consumed.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An alcoholic consuming 1500 calories a day from alcoholic sources alone may consume between 0 and 600 mg of methanol each day depending on his choice of beverages (Table 1).
[6] .^ Malt beverages; may be made by use of malt beverage kits containing grain extracts or; concentrates.
^ A; permittee may transfer the ingredients from the fermentation room to the cold; room and may assist the customer in all the steps involved in brewing a malt; beverage except adding the yeast.
.^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The city may hold a; malt beverage or unfortified wine election if any county in which a portion of; the city is located has already held such an election, the vote in the last; election of the particular type was against the sale of that type of alcoholic; beverage, and the city has a population of 500 or more.
^ Alcoholic beverages may not be sold in such a; room unless a permit has been issued under Article 10 authorizing sale there.
Most beer is flavored with
hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural
preservative.
.^ Any winery which holds an unfortified winery permit and which; produces its wine principally from honey, grapes or other fruit or grain grown; in this State may obtain a limited winery permit.
^ Property which may be possessed lawfully shall not be subject to; forfeiture when it was used unlawfully by someone other than the owner of the; property and the owner did not consent to the unlawful use.
^ For example, tables produced by the model weight function for other regression models may be used as input for LinearModel.- ICM Language Reference : Functions 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.molsoft.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ An industry member may extend credit; to a retailer on the sale of wine for not more than 30 days from the date of; the sale.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The time; fixed for hearing or nonoral submission shall be not less than 20 days after; the filing of the motion, unless a shorter time is ordered by the presiding; officer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Wine
.^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ No city alcoholic beverage election may be; held within three years of the certification of the results of a previous; election on the same kind of alcoholic beverage in that city.
.^ Be made at the earliest possible time and no less; than three days before the hearing except for a good cause showing; .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ So I went out to the kitchen and made another mug, adding just the right amount of creamer and my usual two tablets of NutraSweet.
^ Wine is essentially alcohol and water and sugars, all made from H 2 O and CO 2 .- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Spirits
.^ When they present their original data relating to the methanol content of French wines (range 14-265 ppm) or when the methanol content of any alcoholic beverage is given, the ration of methanol to ethanol is also presented.
[7] .^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ It shall be lawful to possess fortified wine and spirituous liquor at any; place, such as an ABC store, where possession is a necessary incident to lawful; sale.
^ Any person to; consume fortified wine, spirituous liquor, or mixed beverages or to offer such; beverages to another person: .
Alcohol content of beverages
.^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ The; Commission may issue rules relating to applications for permits and otherwise; regulate the importation, sale, and delivery of alcoholic beverages under this; section to insure that those beverages are used only on oceangoing vessels; outside the United States.
^ A malt beverage produced under this; subdivision may not contain more than six percent (6%) alcohol by volume.
.^ Pi/3 volume of unit sphere vol=Volume("APPGGASDDDEWQSSR") # van der Waals volume of the sequence vol=Volume({2.3,2.,5.,80.,90.,40.- ICM Language Reference : Functions 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.molsoft.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ First of all, measuring formaldehyde is tricky, and in any case, the circulating levels would be below the current limit of detection for most of the methods used.
.^ An industry member who engages in trade spending is; prohibited from paying the retailer more than the ordinary and customary charge; for the beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ This is partly because science is more easily taught than theology, partly because the further you go in science the more credibility you will have in science/theology debates, and partly because theology as taught in universities can be a rather faith-destroying experience.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Alcohol of this high level of purity is commonly called
neutral grain spirit.
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Strains of yeast have been developed that can reproduce in solutions of up to 25% ABV.
Serving sizes
United Kingdom
.^ Prohibit; advertisements of alcoholic beverages on the premises of a permittee, or; regulate the size, number, and appearance of those advertisements; .
^ The licensed; premises of any business for which the Commission has issued a special; occasions permit under G.S. 18B‑1001(8), if he is the host of that; private function and has the permission of the permittee.
Spirits (gin, whisky, rum, and vodka) must be sold in quantities of 25 milliliters or multiples thereof, or 35 milliliters or multiples thereof.
.^ The malt beverages must come to rest at the; licensed premises of a malt beverage wholesaler in this State before being; resold to a retailer.
^ A request by an association must be signed by an; officer or designee of the association and must contain a statement that the; association has at least 25 members and the address and telephone number of the; person signing that request.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The unfortified and fortified wine must; come to rest at the licensed premises of a wine wholesaler in this State before; being resold to a retailer.
[8] See
alcoholic spirits measures.
Beer is typically sold in
pints (568 ml), but can also be legally served as half-pints or third-pints. Traditionally, a crown stamp on a glass was used to indicate that the glass was a full-sized measure.
.^ This provision may be used only three years; out of every 10 years and notice must be given to the Commission each time this; provision is used; .
^ Dental amalgam has been widely used for over 150 years.
Leading breweries and pub companies campaigned against its removal.
[9]In addition to this, a system of
units of alcohol exists as a guideline for alcohol consumption. A unit of alcohol is defined as 10 millilitres of pure ethanol. The number of units present in a typical drink is printed on bottles.
.^ They use propylene alcohol, too.
^ Prohibit; advertisements of alcoholic beverages on the premises of a permittee, or; regulate the size, number, and appearance of those advertisements; .
^ Prohibit alcoholic; beverage advertisements on outdoor signs, or regulate the nature, size, number,; and appearance of those advertisements; .
Europe outside the British Isles
In pubs or restaurants, beer is usually served in glasses of 40 or 50 cl, but this can vary, up to 1 litre.
United States
.^ Standards for alcoholic beverages.
^ Import malt; beverages from outside the United States in closed containers; .
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
That is approximately the amount of ethanol in a 12-US-fluid-ounce (350 ml) serving of beer, a 5-US-fluid-ounce (150 ml) glass of wine, or a 1.5-US-fluid-ounce (44 ml) glass of a 40%
ABV spirit.
Flavoring
Alcohol is a moderately good
solvent for many fatty substances and essential oils.
.^ Alcoholic beverages for use in air; commerce.
^ Alcoholic beverages for use on oceangoing; ships.
^ These rules shall govern all forms prescribed by the; alcoholic beverages commission for use in proceedings before the division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ A party may request the taking of additional; evidence only by establishing that the evidence is material, that good cause; existed for the failure to present the evidence at the hearing, and that the; party has not waived the right to present the evidence.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ A liquor license, wine permit, or a beer permit may only be; transferred within the boundaries of the local authority which approved the; license or permit.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may sell, furnish; or give wine and beer coil cleaning services to a retailer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may offer coupons to the public for; mail–in rebates on alcoholic liquor, wine and beer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Spirits may be flavored before, during, or after distillation.
Sometimes flavor is obtained by allowing the beverage to stand for months or years in oak barrels, usually American or French oak.
A few brands of spirits have fruit or herbs inserted into the bottle at the time of bottling.
Uses
.^ The division may accept from the general public; for alcoholic beverages traveler’s checks issued in a foreign country if payment; is in U.S. dollars.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ CONCLUSION Simply because methanol is found "naturally" in foods, we can not dismiss the need for carefully documented safety testing in appropriate animal models before allowing a dramatic increase in its consumption.
^ Following intravenous infusion into the monkey, formaldehyde was rapidly eliminated from the blood with a half-life of about 1.5 min and formic acid levels promptly increased in the blood.
^ Most patients, however, give a history of 5 to 10 years of heavy drinking before the onset of the first attack (16).
The mechanism for the faster alcohol elimination appears to be unrelated to the type of food.
.^ Alcohol dehydrogenase is the primary enzyme for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, and this oxidation reaction is the rate-limiting step in the metabolism of methanol.
^ Investigations are being pursued on the pathogenesis of liver cancer induced either by agents that attack DNA or that operate through indirect or epigenetic mechanisms.
[10]
.^ Bear in mind that the EPA limit for formaldehyde in drinking water is 1 ppm, or 2 mg daily for a typical daily consumption of 2 L of water.
^ This is 56-112 times the EPA limit of 2 mg formaldehyde in drinking water, if 15%, 0.3 mg, is retained in the body.
^ Bear in mind that the EPA limit [see below] for formaldehyde in drinking water is 1 ppm, or 2 mg daily for a typical daily consumption of 2 L of water.
.^ Use of establishment during hours; alcoholic liquor, wine, and beer cannot ; be consumed.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ A licensee or; permittee cannot transfer to anyone else the right to use the liquor license,; wine permit, or beer permit of the licensee or permittee; the right of transfer; is merely an opportunity for a licensee or permittee to use the licensee’s or; permittee’s liquor license, wine permit, or beer permit at a different; location.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Alcoholic liquor; and wine may not be kept, consumed, or dispensed for any purpose by any entity; or individual on the premises of a Class “B” beer permit holder.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ (In addition, the mixtures of these chemicals which bioaccumulate within an organism in low doses may have toxic effects many times those of any one chemical.
^ The inhibitory effect is a linear function of the log of the ethyl alcohol concentration, with a 72% inhibition rate at only a 0.01 molar concentration of ethanol (2, 46).
^ This high ethanol to methanol ratio, even at these low ethanol concentrations, may have some protective effect.
.^ After the issuance of an emergency adjudicative; order, the agency shall proceed as quickly as feasible to complete any; proceedings that would be required if the matter did not involve an immediate; danger.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ All applicants for liquor control licenses, wine; permits, or beer permits shall comply with the following requirements, where; applicable, prior to receiving a liquor license, wine permit, or beer permit.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The sale of unfortified wine or fortified wine shall be by public auction; unless those wines would likely become spoiled or lose value in the time; required to arrange a public auction.
.^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
^ No ABC; store shall be open, and no ABC store employee shall sell alcoholic beverages,; between 9:00 P.M. and 9:00 A.M. The local board shall otherwise determine; opening and closing hours of its stores.
^ At no event; may the patron make available a quantity of alcoholic beverages in excess of; the amount a person is allowed to buy under G.S. 18B‑303(a).
For this reason, they were commonly kept aboard sailing vessels as an important (or even the sole) source of
hydration for the crew, especially during the long voyages of the
early modern period.
.^ Requests for such a statement must be in writing and be delivered to the; Alcoholic Beverages Division, 1918 S.E. Hulsizer Road, Ankeny, Iowa; 50021–3941.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ THE; CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH, That whereas, the Principal has made; application for either a class “A” beer permit, class “A” wine permit, or a; class “F” beer permit to be issued by the Alcoholic Beverages Division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ To qualify as a restaurant, an establishment's gross receipts from food; and nonalcoholic beverages shall be not less than thirty percent (30%) of the; total gross receipts from food, nonalcoholic beverages, and alcoholic; beverages.
This is a misconception because the perception of warmth is actually caused by the transfer of heat from the body’s core to its extremities, where it is quickly lost to the environment.
Drunk driving
.^ If a majority of voters vote against certain; alcoholic beverage sales in a county election, sale of that kind of alcoholic; beverage shall be unlawful throughout the county, except that sale of that; alcoholic beverage shall remain lawful in any city or township in which sale is; lawful because of a city or township election or a local act.
Punishments for violation include
fines, temporary loss of
driving license, and
imprisonment.
.^ When they present their original data relating to the methanol content of French wines (range 14-265 ppm) or when the methanol content of any alcoholic beverage is given, the ration of methanol to ethanol is also presented.
Similar prohibitions exist for drunk sailing, drunk bicycling, and even drunk rollerblading.
.^ Import malt; beverages from outside the United States in closed containers; .
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ The; Commission may issue rules relating to applications for permits and otherwise; regulate the importation, sale, and delivery of alcoholic beverages under this; section to insure that those beverages are used only on oceangoing vessels; outside the United States.
Effects of alcohol on health
.^ The method of storage does not match,; collate or permit comparison with other data processing systems.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The information stored does not match, collate or permit; comparison with other data processing systems.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The information stored; in the automated data system does not match, collate or permit comparison with; other data processing systems.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
[11]
.^ Each ABC store; shall display or cause to be displayed warning signs that meet the requirements; of this section on the store's premises to inform the public of the effects of; alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
^ The purchaser of a winery is; obligated to all the terms and conditions of an agreement in effect on the date; of the purchase, except for good cause, which includes, .
.^ How the writer could have determined within one day that no one would suffer any long-term or irreversible adverse effects was not explained.
^ This will also include any change in price, alcoholic content, name; or formula.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ We will instead be more concerned with the long-term adverse health effects that people might experience as a result of such an exposure.
Short term effects
Alcohol intoxication affects the brain, causing slurred speech, clumsiness, and delayed reflexes.
.^ And that view does lead to the rivers of blood of the 20th C - not in all cases but in enough to cause massive concern, and over 100M deaths.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
A
blood alcohol content of 0.45 represents the
LD50, or the amount which would prove fatal in 50% of test subjects.
.^ Recently, such studies have been appearing by graduate students at low-level research departments.
^ Alcoholic beverages may not be sold in such a; room unless a permit has been issued under Article 10 authorizing sale there.
^ The formaldehyde dose would temporarily be about 67 times more than the lowest level of 1 mmol/L that Oyama found hurt rat cells.
[12] .^ This high ethanol to methanol ratio, even at these low ethanol concentrations, may have some protective effect.
^ I have friends who were exposed to high levels of mold and have lost some cognitive functions but they are coming back slowly.
^ These are indeed extremely high levels for adducts of formaldehyde, a substance responsible of chronic deleterious effects (33), that has also been considered carcinogenic (34,47).
Heart disease
.^ Example: read pdb "1crn" if Date(a_) > 19820000 print "released after 1982" Date ( [ s_format ] ) returns string with the current week day, month, year and time in the given format.- ICM Language Reference : Functions 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.molsoft.com [Source type: Reference]
^ The significantly lower hospitalization incidence for coronary disease among moderate drinkers than among nondrinkers and the protection to coronary risk afforded the moderate drinker (less than two drinks a day) over the nondrinker (56) seems contradictory.
^ Barbara Bush, who suffers from the same hyperthyroid condition, quietly underwent her medical checkup last week, Lee said, and was found to be in good health.
[13]
.^ Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, however, typically occurs in 30-55 year old men who have a history of alcohol intake in quantities comprising 30-50 percent of their daily caloric requirement over a 10 to 15 year period (56).
^ The significantly lower hospitalization incidence for coronary disease among moderate drinkers than among nondrinkers and the protection to coronary risk afforded the moderate drinker (less than two drinks a day) over the nondrinker (56) seems contradictory.
^ Focus on the person and character of Jesus: He is the Way, the Truth and the Light, who is lifted up so that he can draw all men and women to him.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[14] .^ Once diagnosed, Bush promptly began treatment for a hyperactive thyroid, which will take up to four months to completely take effect.
^ Corresponding with the effects on aggression, aspartame significantly increased striatal levels of serotonin.
^ However, over the past few months I've found myself desperately trying not to "walk away" from the faith I once thought was so unshakable.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[15]
.^ For older Americans, the increase in life expectancy is largely due to the sharp drop in deaths from heart disease and stroke.
[16]
Dementia
.^ Maurice F, Rivory J-P, Larsson PH, Johansson SGO, Bousquet J. Anaphylactic shock caused by formaldehyde in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
^ The significantly lower hospitalization incidence for coronary disease among moderate drinkers than among nondrinkers and the protection to coronary risk afforded the moderate drinker (less than two drinks a day) over the nondrinker (56) seems contradictory.
^ Almost 40% engaged in no physical activity during leisure time, and women were more sedentary than men.
[17][18] Alcoholism is associated with a type of alcohol-related dementia called
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is caused by a deficiency in
thiamine (vitamin B1).
[19]
.^ Each ABC store; shall display or cause to be displayed warning signs that meet the requirements; of this section on the store's premises to inform the public of the effects of; alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
[20] In rats, extended consumption of alcohol "did not produce anatomic deficits", but the withdrawal was associated with neuronal loss.
[20] Alcohol interferes with the neurotrasmitter
glutamate, increasing (
upregulating) the number of glutamute receptors in the brain. When alcohol intake is reduced, the glutamute receptors become overactive and neurotoxic.
[19] Other effects which could contribute to withdrawal include the facilitation of
GABA, upregulation of certain
voltage sensitive calcium channels, and dopamine release.
[21]
.^ At the age of 13, one doctor suggested that John drink more milk, and at age 14, Kennedy experienced severe gastric distress.
^ She developed severe depression and visual problems for the first time within two weeks after consuming 8-10 glasses of an aspartame drink daily.
^ One in 10 Americans age 45-54, 1 in 5 of those 55-64 years, 1 in 4 of those 65-74 years, and 1 in 3 of those 75 years and over reported being in fair or poor health.
[22] .^ The proven ability of aspartame to inhibit the glucose-induced release of serotonin within the brain may also affect behaviors, such as satiety and sleep (61).
[22]
Cancer
Alcohol consumption has been linked with seven different types of cancer:
mouth cancer,
pharyngeal cancer,
oesophageal cancer,
laryngeal cancer,
breast cancer,
bowel cancer and
liver cancer.
[23] .^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ The administrator may allow Class; “D” liquor control licensees to store alcoholic liquor and wine in a bonded; warehouse to be used for consumption in Iowa, under the authority of a Class; “D” liquor control license.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ It shall be unlawful to consume, or for a permittee to allow; the consumption of, malt beverages or unfortified wine on any premises having; only an off‑premises permit for the kind of alcoholic beverage being; consumed.
[23] Heavy drinkers are more likely to develop liver cancer due to
cirrhosis of the liver.
[23].^ The fact that 40% of all cases of acute pancreatitis complaints are attributable to alcoholics (21), however, must be taken into consideration to avoid artifactual association.
^ And that view does lead to the rivers of blood of the 20th C - not in all cases but in enough to cause massive concern, and over 100M deaths.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Drinking alcohol during; pregnancy can cause birth defects."
[24] .^ The news is that of the world population of over 6,000 million, in a year about 1.6 million die of violence, 3 % of all deaths: suicide 49% .8 million homocide 32 .5 million war 19 .3 million So, in a year, about 1 in 20,000 people die from war.
^ And only 7bn people in the world after 200,000 years of existance?- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[23]
.^ The weight of the evidence regarding prostate and testicular cancer suggests that men with vasectomy are not at increased risk of these cancers.
^ The appointing authority may exempt from this bond requirement any board; member who does not handle board funds, and it may also increase the amount of; the bond for any member who does handle board funds.
[25][26] .^ The establishment is; substantially engaged in the business of providing an 18‑hole golf; course, two or more tennis courts, or both.
^ In addition, communities need to be made more aware of the health risks to which they are daily being exposed without their knowledge and without their consent.
^ Case 4 A 54-year-old woman had consumed increasing amounts of aspartame-containing products-- including 15 packets of a tabletop sweetener in hot drinks daily.
[27]
.^ But there must be some reason, which cannot be within L, why L should apply and not some other logical system L' Also no logical system can 'ignore' Godel's theorem - unless it is not rich enough to contain elementary arithmetic it cannot be both complete and consistent.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Before we do that, however, we will, in Chapter One, look at the array of adverse human health effects associated with exposure to environmental toxicants.
^ Later in the day, White House press secretary Marlin Fitzwater reported that the president's checkup showed no evidence of skin cancer.
[28]
Alcoholism
.^ Within 30 days thereafter, any party may file a responsive brief.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ When a secured party takes possession of a liquor control licensee’s; or permittee’s alcoholic liquor, wine, and beer, the secured party shall notify; the division in writing of such action.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ If the agency initially determines that it; will release such records, the agency may, where appropriate, notify interested; parties and withhold the records from inspection as provided in subrule 18.4 (3).- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ This effect is usually best observed at low ; levels of alcohol concentration, because higher levels may alter the person's perception ; of reality.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The accumulation of formate is due to a deficiency in formate metabolism which is, in turn, related, in part, to low hepatic tetrahydrofolate (H4 folate).
Muscle cramps, nausea, appetite loss, nerve disorders and depression are some common symptoms. It can also lead to osteoporosis and bone fractures due to vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D helps in calcium absorption).
Diabetes
.^ In addition, it is not logical to expect to find measurable levels of formaldehyde in a medium (blood) containing a huge amount of protein.
^ Shortly thereafter, her blood glucose concentrations became highly erratic, coupled with loss of urinary bladder control (ascribed to diabetic neuropathy.
^ This alone exceeds what the Food and Drug Administration considers the 99+ percentile daily consumption level of aspartame (48).
[29] .^ The inhibitory effect is a linear function of the log of the ethyl alcohol concentration, with a 72% inhibition rate at only a 0.01 molar concentration of ethanol (2, 46).
^ However, according to Tephly (1999), the dose of aspartame used in the study (20 mg/kg body wt =2 mg of methanol/kg body wt) would not yield blood methanol concentrations outside control values.
^ Finally, since there are a number of other excitotoxins on the market including aspartame, a cumulative effect would be expected in many cases.
[29]
People with diabetes should avoid sugary drinks, sweet wines, and
liqueurs.
[30]Stroke
.^ An industry member who engages in trade spending is; prohibited from paying the retailer more than the ordinary and customary charge; for the beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Those without a high school education were still almost three times as likely to smoke cigarettes as college graduates.
^ The formaldehyde dose would temporarily be about 67 times more than the lowest level of 1 mmol/L that Oyama found hurt rat cells.
.^ The formaldehyde dose would temporarily be about 67 times more than the lowest level of 1 mmol/L that Oyama found hurt rat cells.
^ Bush has suffered more than the president with teary bloodshot eyes.
^ No more than eight liters of either fortified wine or; spirituous liquor, or eight liters of the two combined, may be stored by a; member at one time.
[31]
Longevity
.^ The increased availability and consumption of these food products in various countries over the years may parallel better than most other dietary factors the increase in incidence of coronary disease in their populations.
^ For older Americans, the increase in life expectancy is largely due to the sharp drop in deaths from heart disease and stroke.
[16]
.^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ Deaths among children and young adults from unintentional injuries, cancer, and heart disease are down sharply.
^ Any delivery of wines to a person under 21 years; of age by a common carrier shall constitute a violation of G.S. 18B‑302(a)(1); by the common carrier.
[32] .^ An industry member may extend credit; to a retailer on the sale of wine for not more than 30 days from the date of; the sale.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Twenty years ago patients spent more than 7 days in the hospital.
^ An industry member who engages in trade spending is; prohibited from paying the retailer more than the ordinary and customary charge; for the beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
[32]
Mortality rate
.^ This high ethanol to methanol ratio, even at these low ethanol concentrations, may have some protective effect.
^ Each ABC store; shall display or cause to be displayed warning signs that meet the requirements; of this section on the store's premises to inform the public of the effects of; alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
^ The high ethanol/methanol ration of alcoholic beverages must have a very significant protective effect, though enzyme kinetics mandate some constant but low level of methanol metabolism.
[33]
.^ Most patients, however, give a history of 5 to 10 years of heavy drinking before the onset of the first attack (16).
[34]
.^ If the owner or; possessor of the alcoholic beverages is found guilty of a criminal charge; relating to those alcoholic beverages, the judge may order the sale or; destruction of any alcoholic beverages that were held until trial.
^ If the owner or possessor of alcoholic; beverages seized for violation of the ABC laws is found not guilty of criminal; charges relating to the seizure of those beverages or the charge is dismissed; or otherwise resolved in favor of the owner or possessor, and if possession of; the alcoholic beverages by that owner or possessor was lawful when the; beverages were seized, the proceeds from the sale of those alcoholic beverages; shall be paid to the owner or possessor.
^ A recent report: "Methanol poisoning may cause severe illness or death.
[35]
.^ The fact that 40% of all cases of acute pancreatitis complaints are attributable to alcoholics (21), however, must be taken into consideration to avoid artifactual association.
^ And that view does lead to the rivers of blood of the 20th C - not in all cases but in enough to cause massive concern, and over 100M deaths.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Drinking alcohol during; pregnancy can cause birth defects."
[24] .^ The news is that of the world population of over 6,000 million, in a year about 1.6 million die of violence, 3 % of all deaths: suicide 49% .8 million homocide 32 .5 million war 19 .3 million So, in a year, about 1 in 20,000 people die from war.
^ And only 7bn people in the world after 200,000 years of existance?- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[23]
Alcohol expectations
.^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ When they present their original data relating to the methanol content of French wines (range 14-265 ppm) or when the methanol content of any alcoholic beverage is given, the ration of methanol to ethanol is also presented.
^ However, remember this is not drinking alcohol, but methanol (wood alcohol) -- thus his complaints about his vision and his memory.
.^ The proven ability of aspartame to inhibit the glucose-induced release of serotonin within the brain may also affect behaviors, such as satiety and sleep (61).
^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
^ Exactly how and in what mode they exist is something of which we know pretty well nothing, and about which speculation seems pointless.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The; Department of Health and Human Services shall spend those funds for the; treatment of alcoholism or substance abuse, or for research or education on; alcohol or substance abuse.
^ It is very clear that climate change is a serious problem, and that radical solutions will be required, some involving social changes and some involving large-scale applications of technology.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[36]
.^ They may not have believed in a God in exactly the way Christians do, but they certainly viewed Hitler as a mythical, God-like figure-head of their ideology.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ It’s also worth remembering that there are several people who were atheists who are now Christians – indeed the traffic after the age of 30 tends to be the other way round.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Rather, I believe that these people have other problems which they are blaming on aspartame because of urban legends.
If the society teaches that intoxication leads to relaxation and tranquil behavior, it virtually always leads to those outcomes. Alcohol expectations vary within a population so outcomes are not uniform.
[37]
.^ Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, an overactivity of the walnut-sized, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that regulates the metabolism.
.^ Of course your argument about Father Christmas is bogus, because no regime, whether atheist or not, has been led by people who believe in Father Christmas.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Rather, I believe that these people have other problems which they are blaming on aspartame because of urban legends.
^ Those little bugs just don't like alcohol.
[38]
Alcohol expectations can operate in the absence of actual consumption of alcohol.
.^ So, even if many humans do not ingest 1/4 of the level of MSG shown in this study to cause damage, a smaller amount still may cause damage in humans after decades of use.
^ Almost 40% engaged in no physical activity during leisure time, and women were more sedentary than men.
^ We do know that He loves our departed loved-ones even more that we do and did – dying sinless in agony on the Cross so that they may have eternal and loving union with Him.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ A malt beverage produced under this; subdivision may not contain more than six percent (6%) alcohol by volume.
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell,; transport, import, deliver, furnish, purchase, consume, or possess any; alcoholic beverages except as authorized by the ABC law.
.^ The EPA recommends that an adult should not drink water containing more than 1 milligram of formaldehyde per liter of water (1 mg/L) [equals 1 ppm] for a lifetime exposure, and a child should not drink water containing more than 10 mg/L for 1 day or 5 mg/L for 10 days."
^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ A malt beverage produced under this; subdivision may not contain more than six percent (6%) alcohol by volume.
.^ However, if only 15% of that 2 mg from drinking water is retained in the body, that is 0.3 mg-- so the formaldehye limit is actualy 3.9 times larger, in terms of the formaldehyde actually retained in the body, according to this chain of reasonable estimates.
^ The holder of a Class “E” liquor control license; shall sell alcoholic liquor in original, sealed and unopened containers only; for off–premises consumption.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ A drink composed in; whole or in part of spirituous liquor and served in a quantity less than the; quantity contained in a closed package.
[36]
.^ Clearly, as with any other historical phenomenon, there are an enormous number of conceivable explanations.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
[38]
.^ Wang, S. Y., Moon, S. H., Vannice, M. A., "Effect of SMSI (strong metal-support interaction) behavior on CO adsorption and hydrogenation on Pd catalysts.
Alcohol and religion
.^ Having grown up in a Christian church (I'm 24 now), I've never at any point doubted that God was real and that Christ is who he said he is.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
^ For some time now, I have been keeping up with the various arguments that attempt to reconcile evolution with Christianity.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
.^ "Spirituous; liquor" or "liquor" means distilled spirits or ethyl alcohol,; including spirits of wine, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin and all other distilled; spirits and mixtures of cordials, liqueur, and premixed cocktails, in closed; containers for beverage use regardless of their dilution.
^ Manufacture,; purchase, import and transport brandy and other ingredients and equipment used; in the manufacture of fortified wine; .
^ It shall be unlawful to consume, or for a permittee to allow; the consumption of, malt beverages or unfortified wine on any premises having; only an off‑premises permit for the kind of alcoholic beverage being; consumed.
.^ It is not set forth as a "primer" in diagnostics, even though the author has made every effort to make the text as readable as possible.
^ Persons wishing to make oral; presentations at such a proceeding are encouraged to notify the agency at least; one business day prior to the proceeding and indicate the general subject of; their presentations.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Knowing the history of the Bible's construction I find it phenomanally difficult to believe that it can be treated as much more authoratative than other ancient texts.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Anecdotes are useless precisely because they may point to idiosyncratic responses.
^ Anecdotes are useless precisely because they may point to > idiosyncratic responses.
^ The letters also tell the Bushes to get off the drugs as soon as possible since they may have side effects such as procainemide, which slows the heart beat.
Some
pagan religions, however, had a completely opposite view of alcohol and drunkenness; they actively promoted them as means of fostering
fertility. Alcohol was thought to increase sexual desire and to lower the threshold of approaching another person for sex. For example,
Norse paganism considered alcohol to be the sap of
Yggdrasil, and
drunkenness was an important
fertility rite in this religion. Paradoxically, one of the effects of alcohol intoxication is the reduction of
sexual arousal.
Alcohol consumption by country
Government regulation
Outright prohibition of alcohol
.^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
^ Alcoholic beverages products sold prior to allegation; of violation in retail establishment.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Alcoholic beverages products sold during the event.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
This period became known as the
prohibition era.
.^ WHEREAS, the said ______________________________ of; ____________________ has made application under Iowa Code section 123.41 for a Manufacturer’s license allowing the; manufacture, storage and wholesale disposition and sale of alcoholic liquor to the; Alcoholic Beverages Division and to customers outside of the state.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ THE; CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH, That whereas, the Principal has made; application for either a class “A” beer permit, class “A” wine permit, or a; class “F” beer permit to be issued by the Alcoholic Beverages Division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ METHANOL Methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol), a poisonous substance (60), is added as a component during the manufacture of aspartame (47).
.^ This chapter describes the organization and operation; of the alcoholic beverages division, including the offices where and the means; by which any interested person may obtain information and make submittals or; requests.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ News releases, annual reports, project reports, agency newsletters, etc., are; available at the central offices of the alcoholic beverages division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ WHEREFORE, it is requested that the administrator of; the Alcoholic Beverages Division hear the proceeding in accordance with the law; and regulations.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Indeed one of the reasons that leading physicists of the 19th Century were so cautious about Darwinism was that, on the basis of what was then known of the physical forces of nature, the sun could not be old enough to allow time for evolution to have occurred.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ As mentioned below, high temperature canning as developed late in the 19th century should increase significantly the methanol content of fruits and vegetables.
^ The medication was banned in Britain and has received intense criticism in the United States.
Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a clandestine
brewery during the Prohibition era
The
Nordic countries (
Norway and
Finland) also had a period of alcohol prohibition in the early 20th century. This was the result of
social democratic campaigning. Prohibition did not have popular support resulting in large-scale smuggling.
.^ Alcoholic beverages may be transported over the public highways of; this State by motor vehicle carriers under the following conditions: .
^ Delivery Permitted.; – Alcoholic beverages for use outside the United States on oceangoing vessels; shall be delivered as follows: .
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
Some restrictions have been lifted.
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
This is also the case with the Swedish
Systembolaget and the Norwegian
Vinmonopolet.
- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Consignment means; a sale under which the retailer is not obligated to pay for the alcoholic; liquor, wine or beer, until the product is sold by the retailer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ No one, including licensee, permittee, and employees can; consume beer, wine, or alcoholic beverages in their licensed establishment; during hours which beer, wine, and alcoholic beverages cannot be sold.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Stronger beer, wine or other spirits are sold in 'Vinbudin'.
Prohibition of drinking alcohol in public places
.^ The alcoholic beverages division administers the laws; of this state concerning beer, alcoholic liquor, and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Transfers of information within the agency, to other; state agencies, or to local units of government as appropriate to administer; the program for which the information is collected.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The division will post a list of the most current price of wines it lists in a; conspicuous place in the agency’s central office and in all state liquor; stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
[citation needed]
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ WHEREFORE, it is requested that the administrator of; the Alcoholic Beverages Division hear the proceeding in accordance with the law; and regulations.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Other prohibited sales.
^ Except as provided in this; Chapter, local ordinances establishing different rules on the manufacture,; sale, purchase, transportation, possession, consumption, or other use of; alcoholic beverages, or requiring additional permits or fees, are prohibited.
^ This Chapter is intended to; establish a uniform system of control over the sale, purchase, transportation,; manufacture, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages in North; Carolina, and to provide procedures to insure the proper administration of the; ABC laws under a uniform system throughout the State.
[citation needed]
Age restrictions
.^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
The age at which this prohibition ends, as well as the degree to which it is enforced, varies significantly from country to country.
Argentina
.^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
^ Require the; recipient, upon delivery, to demonstrate that the recipient is at least 21; years of age by providing a form of identification specified in G.S. 18B‑302(d)(1).
.^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ No ABC; store shall be open, and no ABC store employee shall sell alcoholic beverages,; between 9:00 P.M. and 9:00 A.M. The local board shall otherwise determine; opening and closing hours of its stores.
[40] .^ However before the creation of the Universe there were no clocks so the concept of “an infinite time before” creation does not really apply.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Australia
.^ Acute Toxicity in Man "Toxic Syndrome" A striking feature of methyl alcohol syndrome is the asymptomatic interval (latent period) which usually lasts 12 to 18 hours after consumption.
^ Persons must be 18 years of age or older to work in a state; liquor store.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Persons 18 years of age and older may be bartenders, waiters,; waitresses, and may handle alcoholic beverages, wine, and beer during the; course of the person’s employment for a licensee or permittee in establishments; in which alcoholic beverages, wine, and beer are consumed.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ A local board; may pledge a security interest in any real or personal property it owns other; than alcoholic beverages.
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
Canada
.^ Persons must be 18 years of age or older to work in a state; liquor store.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
[1]
Europe
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
.^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Where retailers must purchase wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
.^ This Chapter is intended to; establish a uniform system of control over the sale, purchase, transportation,; manufacture, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages in North; Carolina, and to provide procedures to insure the proper administration of the; ABC laws under a uniform system throughout the State.
^ Containers for; alcoholic beverages which are manufactured, possessed, sold, or transported in; violation of the ABC laws; and .
^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
[42] .^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
.^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ Alcoholic beverages may not be sold in such a; room unless a permit has been issued under Article 10 authorizing sale there.
^ At no event; may the patron make available a quantity of alcoholic beverages in excess of; the amount a person is allowed to buy under G.S. 18B‑303(a).
.^ There are approximately 80,000 chemicals in common industrial use today (almost none of which existed before World War II).
^ However, much of the formaldehyde is retained in the body daily, as the formaldehyde reacts with a variety of body chemicals-- that is why formaldehyde is used to preserve bodies for autopsy.
[44]In
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
.^ An establishment that meets either of the following requirements: .
^ An; establishment that meets either of the following requirements: .
^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
Bars,
Pubs, etc.), while the
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
In
Ireland and
Poland the legal drinking age is 18.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, the legal age to purchase, possess and consume alcohol is 18.
India
.^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ A Class “E”; liquor license shall authorize the licensee to purchase alcoholic liquor from; this division only, to sell and to deliver alcoholic liquor to consumers and; Class “A,” Class “B,” and Class “C” liquor control licensees.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell,; transport, import, deliver, furnish, purchase, consume, or possess any; alcoholic beverages except as authorized by the ABC law.
Drinking alcohol in public is forbidden.
.^ A petition shall state in separately; numbered paragraphs the following: .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ In preparing its rules, the agency shall follow the uniform numbering system,; form, and style prescribed by the administrative rules coordinator.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The; intent of this chapter is to allow persons to seek exception to the application; of rules adopted by the division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
The general drinking age in the country is 18 and above.
Japan
.^ Purchase,; Possession, or Consumption by 19 or 20‑Year Old.
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to enter or attempt to; enter a place where alcoholic beverages are sold or consumed, or to obtain or; attempt to obtain alcoholic beverages, or to obtain or attempt to obtain; permission to purchase alcoholic beverages, in violation of subsection (b) of; this section, by using or attempting to use any of the following: .
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell,; transport, import, deliver, furnish, purchase, consume, or possess any; alcoholic beverages except as authorized by the ABC law.
Korea
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ She did not smoke or drink alcohol.
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
Nordic countries
.^ Purchase,; Possession, or Consumption by 19 or 20‑Year Old.
^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
.^ Purchase,; Possession, or Consumption by 19 or 20‑Year Old.
^ Determine what; brands of alcoholic beverages may be sold in this State; .
^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
Denmark allows any type of alcoholic beverage (above 1.2%) to be purchased at age 16.
[45]
United States of America
Exceptions to the minimum age of 21 for consumption of alcohol in the United States, as of January 1, 2007
The legal age for purchase or possession (but not necessarily consumption) in every state has been 21 since shortly after the passage of the
National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which tied federal highway funds to states' maintaining a minimum drinking age of 21.
.^ This Chapter is intended to; establish a uniform system of control over the sale, purchase, transportation,; manufacture, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages in North; Carolina, and to provide procedures to insure the proper administration of the; ABC laws under a uniform system throughout the State.
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
.^ Persons producing fuel alcohol for their own use or to; be sold commercially do not have to obtain a license or permit from the; division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ It shall be unlawful for any person to permit the use of the; person's drivers license or any other form of identification of any kind issued; or given to the person by any other person who violates or attempts to violate; subsection (b) of this section.
^ The driver or person; in charge of each vehicle transporting alcoholic beverages shall possess a copy; of the carrier's fleet permit certified by the carrier to be an exact copy of; the original.
[citation needed]
.^ State the specific reasons for the request; and .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Regardless of the; results of any local wine election, sell the wine owned by the winery at the; winery for on‑ or off‑premise consumption upon obtaining the; appropriate permit under G.S. 18B‑1001; .
^ Except for bona fide religious organizations, no; organization that discriminates in the selection of its membership on the basis; of religion shall be eligible to receive any permit issued under this Chapter.
Restrictions on manufacturing
.^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
.^ Act” means; the alcoholic beverage control Act.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any person may file a petition with the alcoholic; beverages division for a declaratory order as to the applicability to specified; circumstances of a statute, rule, or order within the primary jurisdiction of; the division, at 1918 S.E. Hulsizer Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021–3941.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ To another government agency or to an instrumentality; of any governmental jurisdiction within or under the control of the United; States for a civil or criminal law enforcement activity if the activity is; authorized by law, and if an authorized representative of such government; agency or instrumentality has submitted a written request to the agency; specifying the record desired and the law enforcement activity for which the; record is sought.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Any county may hold a malt beverage, unfortified wine, or ABC store election.
^ A purchase may be made only from the store named on the permit.
^ Determine what; brands of alcoholic beverages may be sold in this State; .
.^ The county operates; an ABC store; .
^ Any county may hold a malt beverage, unfortified wine, or ABC store election.
^ Spirituous Liquor.; – Except as provided in Article 10 of this Chapter, spirituous liquor may be; sold only in ABC stores operated by local boards.
.^ An industry member is; prohibited from extending credit on the sale of alcoholic liquor, beer, wine; coolers, or spirit coolers to a retailer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ II. That borders on a; county that has approved the sale of alcoholic beverages countywide and; contains an international airport; and .
^ An industry member and a; retailer are prohibited from entering into implied or express contracts for the; future sale and purchase of alcoholic beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ The holder of a wine producer permit may: .
^ No more than six; wines may be tasted at any one tasting area.
^ An industry member may extend credit; to a retailer on the sale of wine for not more than 30 days from the date of; the sale.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
However, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, a "bona fide" resident may sell beer and native wines from their home.
.^ Furnish or sell; marketable malt beverage products, or packages which do not conform to the; manufacturer's marketing standards, if State taxes have been or will be paid,; to its employees for the use of the employees or their families and guests in; this State; .
[46] .^ All labels must conform to the regulations of the Bureau of Alcohol,; Tobacco and Firearms.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ WHEREFORE, it is requested that the administrator of; the Alcoholic Beverages Division hear the proceeding in accordance with the law; and regulations.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ This section shall; not apply to producers of beverage alcohol holding a basic permit from the; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.
Illegal manufacture of distilled liquor is often referred to as "
moonshining," and the product, which is not aged and contains a high percentage of alcohol, is often called "white lightning."
.^ All petitions for a waiver must be; submitted in writing to the Alcoholic Beverages Division, 1918 SE Hulsizer; Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Require all; advertisements of alcoholic beverages to disclose fully the identity of the; advertiser and of the product being advertised; .
^ (Industry members who sell alcoholic liquor to the; division must comply with the division’s policies regarding combination; packaging.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
In the
United Kingdom, the
Customs and Excise department issues distilling licenses.
.^ Persons; producing fuel alcohol .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Persons producing fuel alcohol.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
.^ Manufacture,; purchase, import, possess and transport ingredients and equipment used in the; distillation of spirituous liquor; .
Restrictions on sale and possession
Canada
.^ Provide for the; distribution and posting of warning signs to local ABC boards regarding the; dangers of alcohol consumption during pregnancy as required under G.S. 18B‑808; .
^ Liquor control licensees and permittees shall not; advertise or display any brand of alcoholic liquor, wine, or beer on the; outside of any premises licensed to sell alcoholic liquor, wine, or beer at; retail, whether the sale is for on–premises consumption or off–premises; consumption.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Alcoholic beverages may not be sold in such a; room unless a permit has been issued under Article 10 authorizing sale there.
The idea of government control and supervision of the sale of alcohol was a compromise devised in the 1920s between "drys" and "wets" to end
Prohibition in Canada.
.^ A Class “E”; liquor license shall authorize the licensee to purchase alcoholic liquor from; this division only, to sell and to deliver alcoholic liquor to consumers and; Class “A,” Class “B,” and Class “C” liquor control licensees.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ All applicants for liquor control licenses, wine; permits, or beer permits shall comply with the following requirements, where; applicable, prior to receiving a liquor license, wine permit, or beer permit.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ When a secured party takes possession of a liquor control licensee’s; or permittee’s alcoholic liquor, wine, and beer, the secured party shall notify; the division in writing of such action.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ A person may transport at one; time the same amount of alcoholic beverages that he is allowed to buy under; G.S. 18B‑303(a).
(see
Taxation in Canada).
.^ Retail sales of food or alcoholic beverages to be; consumed on the premises of a cooking school are restricted to bona fide; enrolled students of that school.
^ Require that an; alcoholic beverage retailer purchase any alcoholic beverages from that person; to the full or partial exclusion of any other alcoholic beverages offered for; sale by other persons in this State; or .
^ The permit may authorize the sale or other; disposition of the alcoholic beverages in a manner prescribed by the; Commission.
.^ Purchases Allowed.; – Without a permit, a person may purchase at one time: .
^ With a; purchase‑transportation permit, a person may purchase and transport an; amount of alcoholic beverages greater than the amount specified in G.S. 18B‑303(a).; A permit authorizes the holder to transport from the place of purchase to the; destination within North Carolina indicated on the permit at one time the; following amount of alcoholic beverages: .
^ A person may transport at one; time the same amount of alcoholic beverages that he is allowed to buy under; G.S. 18B‑303(a).
[47]
Nordic countries
In each of the
Nordic countries except
Denmark, there is a government monopoly on the selling of hard alcohol in stores.
.^ Persons must be 18 years of age or older to work in a state; liquor store.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An; establishment covered by a liquor license, wine permit, or beer permit can be; used as a restaurant or any other lawful purpose during hours which beer, wine,; or alcoholic liquor cannot be sold as long as beer, wine, or alcoholic; beverages are not consumed during these hours.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Liquor control licensees and permittees shall not; advertise or display any brand of alcoholic liquor, wine, or beer on the; outside of any premises licensed to sell alcoholic liquor, wine, or beer at; retail, whether the sale is for on–premises consumption or off–premises; consumption.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ No winery may require any; wholesaler to waive compliance with any provision of this Chapter.
^ The Commission may require the officer or agent to obtain a; permit before purchasing alcoholic beverages under this subdivision.
^ The presiding officer presides at the hearing, and; may rule on motions, require briefs, issue a proposed decision, and issue such; orders and rulings as will ensure the orderly conduct of the proceedings.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
^ Set the prices of; alcoholic beverages sold in local ABC stores as provided in Article 8; .
^ The Commission may also authorize air carriers to store,; at facilities approved by the Commission, alcoholic beverages to be sold or; served pursuant to subsection (b).
.^ The holder of a nonresident wine vendor permit may sell, deliver, and; ship into this State only wine for which it is a primary American source of; supply.
.^ These rules shall govern all forms prescribed by the; alcoholic beverages commission for use in proceedings before the division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ A licensee shall not; keep on the licensed premises nor use for resale alcoholic liquor which does; not bear identifying markers as prescribed by the administrator of this; division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
.^ Persons 16 years of; age and older may sell beer and wine in off–premises beer and wine; establishments.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Possess wines; manufactured during the viticulture/enology program for the purpose of; conducting wine‑tasting seminars and classes for students who are 21; years of age or older.
^ Persons 21 years of age or older may hold a liquor; license, wine permit, or beer permit; however, persons who are between the ages; of 18 and 21 and hold a liquor license, wine permit, or beer permit before; September 1, 1986, are not affected by or subject to this rule, and may hold; such license or permit even though the licensee or permittee has not attained; the age of 21.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ The facility's; annual gross receipts from the sale of alcoholic beverages shall be less than; fifty percent (50%) of the gross receipts paid to all providers at permitted; functions for food, nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, service, and; facility usage fees (excluding receipts or charges for entertainment and; ancillary services not directly related to providing food and beverage; service).
^ All communications to the division shall be addressed to the Alcoholic; Beverages Division, 1918 S.E. Hulsizer, Ankeny, Iowa 50021, unless otherwise; specifically directed.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ All petitions for a waiver must be; submitted in writing to the Alcoholic Beverages Division, 1918 SE Hulsizer; Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
For example, 700 ml of Absolut Vodka currently retails at 275 NOK, which is about
US$54.
The state-run vendor is called
Systembolaget in Sweden,
Vinmonopolet in Norway,
Alko in Finland, and
Vínbúð in Iceland.
.^ These rules shall govern all forms prescribed by the; alcoholic beverages commission for use in proceedings before the division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ The Intoxilyzer 5000 has been in production since the 1980's and has been used for the ; purpose of forensic breath alcohol concentration measurement in over 30 different states ; and various other countries.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The first such monopoly was in Falun in the 19th century.
.^ Prohibit or regulate; advertising of alcoholic beverages by mail; .
^ Prohibit; advertisements of alcoholic beverages on the premises of a permittee, or; regulate the size, number, and appearance of those advertisements; .
^ A ; person who is depressed and unhappy is usually more depressed and unhappy ; following the consumption of alcohol.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Intoxilyzer 5000 has been in production since the 1980's and has been used for the ; purpose of forensic breath alcohol concentration measurement in over 30 different states ; and various other countries.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Has any other legally sufficient cause to withdraw; from participation in the decision making in that case.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The other point I would like to make may be a little harder for me to articulate.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
There is an ongoing debate over whether or not to maintain the state-run alcohol monopolies.
Denmark
.^ Many homes, most schools, virtually all grocery stores, restaurants, malls, department stores, and most public office buildings are regularly fumigated with insecticides.
.^ The holder of a Class “E” liquor license shall not; employ or use persons who are under the age of 16 years to handle or sell; alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
.^ However, controls were ; ; not tested and there was no information on the purity of the ; alcohol.- Propanol, 2- (EHC 103, 1990) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ There is no; dollar limitation on wearing apparel which may be sold by an industry member to; a retailer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Original Lager (Bowes): not thin but no flavour until a bit of alcohol or chemical at end.
.^ Except; as otherwise provided in this Chapter, the purchase, consumption, and; possession of malt beverages and unfortified wine by individuals 21 years old; and older for their own use is permitted without restriction.
^ If; the patron occupying the suite so desires, alcoholic beverages by self‑service; may be made available to any person at least 21 years of age possessing a valid; ticket to the event authorizing that person to occupy the suite.
^ No ABC; store shall be open, and no ABC store employee shall sell alcoholic beverages,; between 9:00 P.M. and 9:00 A.M. The local board shall otherwise determine; opening and closing hours of its stores.
.^ To qualify as a restaurant, an establishment's gross receipts from food; and nonalcoholic beverages shall be not less than thirty percent (30%) of the; total gross receipts from food, nonalcoholic beverages, and alcoholic; beverages.
^ "Underage person"; means a person who is less than the age legally required for purchase of the; alcoholic beverage in question.
^ Alcohol; law‑enforcement agents are also authorized to be on the premises to the; extent necessary to enforce the provisions of Article 68 of Chapter 143 of the; General Statutes.
.^ Consignment means; a sale under which the retailer is not obligated to pay for the alcoholic; liquor, wine or beer, until the product is sold by the retailer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may repack alcoholic liquor,; wine and beer for the purpose of assisting the retailer to sell slow moving or; overstocked products.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member is; prohibited from requiring a retailer to purchase a specific quantity of; alcoholic liquor, wine or beer in order to receive a product display.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ However, Implied Consent applies to blood draws the same as breath samples, and if a ; subject refuses to submit to a blood test then "none shall be given".- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Bootlegging is rarely heard of, in contrast to rural Sweden and Norway.
.^ Trent mentions other novel aspects of the alcoholysis process: Trent says that esters produced ; with higher alcohols (ethanol and above) have a greater tendency to gel from soap formation ; than with methanol.- Biodiesel Production Technology: August 2002--January 2004 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.methanol.org [Source type: Reference]
^ Blanche Soleil (Bièropholie): yeasty, a touch of sharpness, an impression of a higher alcohol content than it actually has.
^ "Nontaxpaid alcoholic; beverage" means any alcoholic beverage upon which the taxes imposed by the; United States, this State, or any other territorial jurisdiction in which the; alcoholic beverage was purchased have not been paid.
United States of America
Map of open container laws in the United States by state, as of September 2007
- See also: Alcohol laws of Kansas, Alcohol laws of Missouri, Alcohol laws of New York, Alcohol laws of Oklahoma
.^ Determine what; brands of alcoholic beverages may be sold in this State; .
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ The; Commission may issue rules relating to applications for permits and otherwise; regulate the importation, sale, and delivery of alcoholic beverages under this; section to insure that those beverages are used only on oceangoing vessels; outside the United States.
.^ The alcoholic beverages division administers the laws; of this state concerning beer, alcoholic liquor, and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Some materials are confidential under other applicable; provisions of law or because of a court order.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The agency may have discretion to disclose some; confidential records which are exempt from disclosure under Iowa Code section 22.7 or other law.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ The establishment or discontinuance of state liquor; stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Closure of state liquor stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ To whom liquor may be sold outside the state of; Iowa.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ The establishment or discontinuance of state liquor; stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
.^ Determine what; brands of alcoholic beverages may be sold in this State; .
^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Alcoholic beverages purchased out‑of‑State.
.^ The sale of spirituous liquor sold at the uniform State; price shall consist of the following components: .
^ Nothing in this Article; relieves a winery or wholesaler of any obligation, duty, or prohibition imposed; by any other provision of this Chapter or by G.S. 75‑1.1 or by any other; provision of State law, and the remedies provided in this Article are; nonexclusive.
^ If the; sale of mixed beverages is approved, purchase‑transportation permits; shall be issued and the sales of liquor shall be made by any local board; designated by the State ABC Commission.
This convenience store in
Michigan had its retail license suspended for two weeks because it sold alcoholic beverages to minors.
.^ The malt beverages must come to rest at the; licensed premises of a malt beverage wholesaler in this State before being; resold to a retailer.
^ Promote and maintain; a sound, stable and viable three‑tier system of distribution of malt; beverages to the public.
^ A retail permittee may purchase malt beverages, unfortified; wine, or fortified wine only from a wholesaler who maintains a place of; business in this State and has the proper permit.
.^ Licensees and permittees who hold a license or permit; which allows them to sell bottled wine and bottled beer may deliver beer and; wine to residences if the customers telephoned and requested that the beer and; wine be delivered.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member engaged in the; manufacturing or wholesaling of beer or wine may sell commemorative glassware; which bears substantial advertising matter identifying the industry member or; the industry member’s product to off–premises retailers for resale to; consumers.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may repack alcoholic liquor,; wine and beer for the purpose of assisting the retailer to sell slow moving or; overstocked products.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Any wines obtained; by the process defined herein that contain more than 17 percent of alcohol by; weight will be considered an alcoholic liquor.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Those companies shall; keep accurate records of the character, volume and number of containers; transported and shall allow the Commission and alcohol law‑enforcement; agents to inspect those records at any time.
^ It also authorizes the holder of the permit to; ship malt beverages in closed containers to individual purchasers inside and; outside the State.
.^ The; Department of Health and Human Services shall spend those funds for the; treatment of alcoholism or substance abuse, or for research or education on; alcohol or substance abuse.
^ Records of purchases of; alcoholic beverages and sales of alcoholic beverages shall be filed separate; and apart from all other records maintained on the premises, and all records; related to alcoholic beverages, including original invoices, shall be; maintained on the premises for three years and shall be open for inspection and; audit pursuant to G.S. 18B‑502.
^ Funds distributed under subdivisions (b)(4) and (c)(3) of; this section shall be spent for the treatment of alcoholism or substance abuse,; or for research or education on alcohol or substance abuse.
.^ One who holds only a; brown bagging permit, a special occasions permit, or a limited special; occasions permit; .
^ A Class “E”; liquor license shall authorize the licensee to purchase alcoholic liquor from; this division only, to sell and to deliver alcoholic liquor to consumers and; Class “A,” Class “B,” and Class “C” liquor control licensees.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ It shall be unlawful for a person; who is driving a motor vehicle on a highway or public vehicular area to consume; in the passenger area of that vehicle any malt beverage or unfortified wine.
.^ Sale of alcoholic beverages in ABC stores.
^ Funds derived from the sale of; damaged alcoholic beverages shall be paid to the general fund of the State.
^ No ABC store may sell any alcoholic beverage which has not been; approved by the Commission for sale in this State.
.^ The establishment or discontinuance of state liquor; stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Closure of state liquor stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Store any other; spirituous liquor with liquor possessed for resale in mixed beverages or from a; guest room cabinet.
.^ Wine means any beverage containing more than 5; percent, but not more than 17 percent, of alcohol by weight obtained by the; fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits or other agricultural; products by excluding any product containing alcohol derived from malt or by; the distillation process from grain cereal, molasses, or cactus.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may extend credit; to a retailer on the sale of wine for not more than 30 days from the date of; the sale.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member who engages in trade spending is; prohibited from paying the retailer more than the ordinary and customary charge; for the beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ The division is; vested with the sole and exclusive control within the state of Iowa both as; purchaser and vendor of all alcoholic liquor sold by distilleries within the; state or imported therein, except beer and wine, except as otherwise provided; by law.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The alcoholic beverages division administers the laws; of this state concerning beer, alcoholic liquor, and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Before making a sale to a purchaser other than the; division, a licensed manufacturer or wholesaler shall require the purchaser to; produce and exhibit for inspection proof of the right to purchase alcoholic; liquor according to the laws of the purchaser’s own state.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
Most states ban drinking alcoholic beverages in public (i.e. in the street). Moreover, even where a state, like
Nevada,
Louisiana, or
Missouri, has no laws against drinking alcoholic beverages in public, the vast majority of cities and counties in them do ban drinking alcoholic beverages in public.
.^ Within 15 days after receipt of a petition for a; declaratory order, the alcoholic beverages division shall give notice of the; petition to all persons not served by the petitioner pursuant to rule 3.6 (17A) to whom notice is required by any provision of; law.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Vendors shall; follow the policy established by the administrator of the division for; accepting personal checks and traveler’s checks for the purchase of alcoholic; beverages.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ This chapter describes the organization and operation; of the alcoholic beverages division, including the offices where and the means; by which any interested person may obtain information and make submittals or; requests.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Heaven and Hell clearly exist, and they are clearly spiritual states rather than physical places.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The division will post a list of the most current price of wines it lists in a; conspicuous place in the agency’s central office and in all state liquor; stores.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ The medication was banned in Britain and has received intense criticism in the United States.
)
History
.^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
^ The use of grain; alcohol by college, university or State laboratories, and by manufacturers of; medicine, for compounding, mixing, or preserving medicines or medical; preparations, or for surgical purposes; .
^ The use of alcoholic; beverages by licensed physicians, druggists, or dental surgeons for medicinal; or pharmaceutical purposes; or the use of alcoholic beverages by medical; facilities established and maintained for the treatment of patients addicted to; the use of alcohol or drugs; .
.^ An unusual taste that takes some getting used to: an initial powerful alcoholic sensation with an aftertaste of something like burnt toast.
^ After the drinking stops, at some point the amount of alcohol being absorbed ; will equal the amount being eliminated, which results in the peak alcohol concentration.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ EGBERT, A.M., REED, J.S., POWELL, B.J., LISKOW, B.I., & ; LIESE, B.S. (1985) Alcoholics who drink mouthwash: the ; spectrum of nonbeverage alcohol use.- Propanol, 2- (EHC 103, 1990) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
by
.^ Anyone who had removed the body could have earned themselves an enormous reward from the Jewish and/or Roman authorities by producing it – it would have stopped Christianity in its tracks.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Fermented beverages
.^ Most of the 75,000 to 80,000 synthetic chemical compounds in common industrial use today were not even in existence before the middle of the 20th century, and approximately 1,000 new chemicals are being added to that number each year.
^ Then if one accepts human evolution, which suggests humans have been around for 200,000 years, then how can one reconcile this with human history only being up to 10,000 years ago at the same time as agriculture started in the middle east...- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ And that first “observation” could have occurred 6,000 years ago.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ THE; CONDITION OF THIS OBLIGATION IS SUCH, That whereas, the Principal has made; application for either a class “A” beer permit, class “A” wine permit, or a; class “F” beer permit to be issued by the Alcoholic Beverages Division.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ An industry member may affix; prices to alcoholic liquor, wine or beer sold by the industry member at the; time of delivery, provided that the retailer independently determines the price; of the alcoholic liquor, wine and beer.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Any wine received by a winery under this provision must; be made available for sale by the winery to wholesalers for distribution to; retailers, without discrimination, in the same manner as if the wine were being; imported by the winery; .
Recipes have been found on clay tablets and art in
Mesopotamia that show individuals using straws to drink
beer from large vats and pots.
.^ Alcoholic beverages for use in air; commerce.
^ Alcoholic beverages for use on oceangoing; ships.
^ This chapter describes the organization and operation; of the alcoholic beverages division, including the offices where and the means; by which any interested person may obtain information and make submittals or; requests.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
.^ Dried residues ; on 9000-year-old pottery found in northern China imply the use of alcoholic beverages ; even among Neolithic peoples.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Production of alcoholic beverages always begins with the process of ; fermentation .- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Alcohol: The most commonly used primary alcohol used in biodiesel production is methanol, ; although other alcohols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, and butyl, can be used.- Biodiesel Production Technology: August 2002--January 2004 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.methanol.org [Source type: Reference]
However, devout adherents of
Buddhism, which arose in India in the 5th and 6th centuries BC and spread over southern and eastern Asia, abstain to this day, as do devout
Hindus and
Sikhs.
.^ Prohibited storage of alcoholic; beverages and wine.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Prohibited; storage of alcoholic beverages and wine .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Dried residues ; on 9000-year-old pottery found in northern China imply the use of alcoholic beverages ; even among Neolithic peoples.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Wine was consumed in
Classical Greece at breakfast or at
symposia, and in the 1st century BC it was part of the diet of most
Roman citizens.
.^ The holder of a wine‑tasting; permit not engaged in the preparation or sale of food on the premises is not; subject to Part 6 of Article 8 of Chapter 130A of the General Statutes.
.^ Wine is essentially alcohol and water and sugars, all made from H 2 O and CO 2 .- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Most of my questions that have led me to doubt Christianity have involved the following: Evolution/Anthropology, the historicity of the Bible, eschatology, and the idea of the miraculous.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The Christian God clearly interacts with Creation in specific and decisive ways, most importantly in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Use; of establishment during hours alcoholic liquor, wine and beer cannot be; consumed .- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ No one, including licensee, permittee, and employees can; consume beer, wine, or alcoholic beverages in their licensed establishment; during hours which beer, wine, and alcoholic beverages cannot be sold.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
^ Persons 18 years of age and older may be bartenders, waiters,; waitresses, and may handle alcoholic beverages, wine, and beer during the; course of the person’s employment for a licensee or permittee in establishments; in which alcoholic beverages, wine, and beer are consumed.- 185 Alcoholic Beverages Division 26 May 2010 9:48 UTC www.legis.state.ia.us [Source type: Original source]
A document of the times mentions
nuns having an allowance of six pints of ale a day.
Cider and
pomace wine were also widely available, while grape wine was the prerogative of the higher classes.
.^ However, to reach significant levels of alcohol ; concentration requires exposure to a severely irritating environment for an extended ; period of time.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She developed severe depression and visual problems for the first time within two weeks after consuming 8-10 glasses of an aspartame drink daily.
^ Slowing the alcohol absorption decreases the peak ; alcohol concentration, may prolong the time to reach the ; peak concentration, and reduces the impact of that alcohol on the person.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Provide for the; distribution and posting of warning signs to local ABC boards regarding the; dangers of alcohol consumption during pregnancy as required under G.S. 18B‑808; .
^ Except; as otherwise provided in this Chapter, the purchase, consumption, and; possession of malt beverages and unfortified wine by individuals 21 years old; and older for their own use is permitted without restriction.
^ Give malt beverages; or unfortified wine to anyone less than 21 years old; or .
.^ Besides the chemicals we manufacture and deliberately put into our consumer products each year, there are also industrial chemical byproducts that are unintentionally released into the environment each year.
.^ Although some forms of mercury are hazardous, the mercury in amalgam is chemically bound to the other metals to make it stable and therefore safe for use in dental applications.
.^ The use of grain; alcohol by college, university or State laboratories, and by manufacturers of; medicine, for compounding, mixing, or preserving medicines or medical; preparations, or for surgical purposes; .
^ The Commission shall dispose of the alcoholic beverages by; giving them to a public or private hospital for medicinal use only, by selling; them to a military installation, or by destroying them.
^ While hydrochloric ; acid is a common choice to neutralize base catalysts, as mentioned earlier, if phosphoric acid is ; used, the resulting salt has value as a chemical fertilizer.- Biodiesel Production Technology: August 2002--January 2004 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.methanol.org [Source type: Reference]
.^ It shall be unlawful for a permittee or his employee or for an ABC; store employee to knowingly sell or give alcoholic beverages to any person who; is intoxicated.
^ It is apparent that those clinicians who enjoy the respect of their colleagues as astute diagnosticians usually achieve this status primarily as a result of the time and interest they give their patients.
^ Those who do take medicines say as a result they have little energy for chores or sports.
Distilled beverages
The distillation of alcohol can be traced back to
China,
Central Asia and the
Middle East. In particular,
Muslim chemists were the first to produce fully purified distilled alcohol.
[48] It later spread to Europe in the mid-12th century, and by the early 14th century it had spread throughout the continent. It also spread eastward, mainly due to the
Mongols, and began in
China no later than the 14th century.
Paracelsus gave alcohol its modern name, taking it from the Arabic word which means "finely divided", a reference to distillation.
Alcoholic beverages in American history
In the early 19th century, Americans had inherited a hearty drinking tradition.
.^ It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell,; transport, import, deliver, furnish, purchase, consume, or possess any; alcoholic beverages except as authorized by the ABC law.
^ It shall be unlawful to consume, or for a permittee to allow; the consumption of, malt beverages or unfortified wine on any premises having; only an off‑premises permit for the kind of alcoholic beverage being; consumed.
^ This subsection does; not authorize any person possessing a valid ticket to an event at the facility; to bring alcoholic beverages onto the premises and consume those alcoholic; beverages on the premises, or to remove those beverages from the suite.
One reason for this heavy
drinking was an overabundance of
corn on the western
frontier. This overabundance encouraged the widespread production of cheap whiskey.
.^ A person may transport at one; time the same amount of alcoholic beverages that he is allowed to buy under; G.S. 18B‑303(a).
^ If ownership of the; alcoholic beverages remains uncertain after trial or after the charges have; been dismissed, the judge may order the alcoholic beverages held, or the; alcoholic beverages sold and the proceeds held, for a specified time, until; ownership of the alcoholic beverages can be determined.
^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
In the mid 1820s, Americans drank seven gallons of alcohol per capita annually.
[49][50]During the 19th century, Americans drank an abundance of alcohol and drank it in two distinctive ways.
One way was to drink small amounts daily and regularly, usually at home or alone. The other way consisted of
communal binges.
.^ Sale at auction; after notice to certain named individuals or groups, if only a limited number; of people would have use for that property; .
^ Exemptions may be granted only to individuals, not to groups or classes; of people, and each exemption shall be in writing, be available for public; inspection, and contain a statement of the financial interest in question.
Participants would typically drink until they became
intoxicated.
Chemistry and toxicology
.^ Any other property; not primarily used for commercial purposes and not open to the public at the; time the alcoholic beverage is possessed, if the owner or other person in; charge of the property consents to that possession and consumption; .
^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ Formate, itself, produces blindness in monkeys in the absence of metabolic acidosis.
.^ A malt beverage produced under this; subdivision may not contain more than six percent (6%) alcohol by volume.
^ Alcoholic beverages may be transported over the public highways of; this State by motor vehicle carriers under the following conditions: .
^ Sell or possess; equipment or ingredients intended for use in the manufacture of any alcoholic; beverage, except equipment and ingredients provided under a Brew on Premises; permit or a Winemaking on Premises permit; or .
.^ For example, tables produced by the model weight function for other regression models may be used as input for LinearModel.- ICM Language Reference : Functions 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.molsoft.com [Source type: Reference]
However, this method leaves yeast residues and on the industrial scale, carbonation is usually done separately.
.^ Religious motivations are more akin to the sort of motivations that lead us to trust our friends, that is they are attained through trusting rather than testing.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The formaldehyde dose would temporarily be about 67 times more than the lowest level of 1 mmol/L that Oyama found hurt rat cells.
^ Therefore, although there are certainly some questions of minute detail, we know more about what the NT authors wrote than any other authors from the period.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ As much as I myself give much thought to such things, it will all ultimately come down to a faith of some sort, a faith that won't be won through argument I'm afraid.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Spirits with a higher ethanol content can be ignited with ease by heating slightly, e.g. adding the spirit to a warmed shot glass.
In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further oxidized into harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
.^ However, soon after ingestion by a creature, its 11% methanol component is released and quickly metabolized into the potent, cumulative, mutagenic toxicants, formaldehyde and formic acid.
Acetic acid is esterified with coenzyme A to produce
acetyl CoA.
.^ This means the possibility of metabolism in the GI tract to methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and, finally, carbon dioxide and water, was bypassed.
^ In fact, bacteria in the colon probably reduce methanol directly to formic acid or carbon dioxide (6) (aspartame is completely absorbed before reaching the colon).
Acetyl CoA can also be used for biosynthesis.
.^ No skeptic can overlook the fact that, metabolically, formaldehyde must be formed as an intermediate to formic acid production (54).
.^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ Require that an; alcoholic beverage retailer purchase any alcoholic beverages from that person; to the full or partial exclusion of any other alcoholic beverages offered for; sale by other persons in this State; or .
^ The purchase‑transportation; permit authorizes that person to transport only the amounts of those alcoholic; beverages authorized by subsection (a).
.^ It; shall be lawful for a person to consume fortified wine and spirituous liquor in; any place where it is lawful for him to possess those alcoholic beverages under; subsections (a) through (c).
^ A person possessing alcoholic beverages which do not meet a new; standard set by the Commission shall have 60 days after the effective date of; the standard to sell or otherwise dispose of those alcoholic beverages.
^ The purchase‑transportation; permit authorizes that person to transport only the amounts of those alcoholic; beverages authorized by subsection (a).
These people have a smaller quantity of water in their bodies, so that alcohol is diluted less.
.^ When the issuance of the; permit is lawful in the jurisdiction in which the premises are located, the; Commission may issue the following kinds of permits: .
^ An alcoholic consuming 1500 calories a day from alcoholic sources alone may consume between 0 and 600 mg of methanol each day depending on his choice of beverages (Table 1).
^ Alcoholics may average much more, with a potential range of between 0 and 600 mg/day, depending on the source and in some cases the quality of their beverages (15).
The threshold of effects is at 22 mg/dL.
[51]
.^ The inhibitory effect is a linear function of the log of the ethyl alcohol concentration, with a 72% inhibition rate at only a 0.01 molar concentration of ethanol (2, 46).
^ The inhibitory effect is a linear function of the log of the ethyl alcohol concentration, with a 72% inhibition rate at only a 0.01 molar concentration of ethanol (2).
.^ Refill any; spirituous liquor container having a mixed beverages tax stamp with any other; alcoholic beverage, or add to the contents of such a container any other; alcoholic beverage.
It has
anxiolytic,
anticonvulsant,
hypnotic and
sedative actions similar to many other sedative-hypnotic drugs. Alcohol is also
cross-tolerant with
benzodiazepines and
barbiturates.
[52]
.^ Acute Toxicity in Man "Toxic Syndrome" A striking feature of methyl alcohol syndrome is the asymptomatic interval (latent period) which usually lasts 12 to 18 hours after consumption.
Various factors contribute, including the toxication of ethanol itself to
acetaldehyde, the direct toxic effects and toxication of impurities called
congeners, and
dehydration. The hangover starts after the euphoric effects of alcohol itself have subsided, typically in the night and morning after alcoholic drinks were consumed.
.^ Nothing in; this Chapter, however, may be construed to limit or prohibit good faith; settlements of disputes voluntarily entered into between the parties.
^ The Commission may also adopt; any other rules concerning the financial operations of local boards which are; needed to assure the proper accountability of public funds.
^ Any winery which holds an unfortified winery permit and which; produces its wine principally from honey, grapes or other fruit or grain grown; in this State may obtain a limited winery permit.
The effects of a hangover subside over time. Various treatments to cure hangover have been suggested, many of them pseudoscientific.
.^ Alcoholic beverages may be; sold on railroad trains in this State upon compliance with Article 2C of; Chapter 105 of the General Statutes.
^ A local board; may pledge a security interest in any real or personal property it owns other; than alcoholic beverages.
^ The permit may authorize the sale or other; disposition of the alcoholic beverages in a manner prescribed by the; Commission.
.^ Amounts of alcoholic beverages that may be; purchased.
^ Any other form or; means of identification that indicates or symbolizes that the person is not; prohibited from purchasing or possessing alcoholic beverages under this; section.
^ Lend or give to any; alcoholic beverage retailer in this State or his employee or to the owner of; the premises where the business of any alcoholic beverage retailer in this; State is conducted, any money, service, equipment, furniture, fixtures or any; other thing of value.
.^ Although methanol itself is not highly toxic, it is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to formaldehyde and subsequently to formic acid (Fig.
^ However, soon after ingestion by a creature, its 11% methanol component is released and quickly metabolized into the potent, cumulative, mutagenic toxicants, formaldehyde and formic acid.
.^ The minimum dose causing; permanent visual defects is unknown.; ; The severity of the metabolic acidosis is variable and may not; correlate well with the amount of methanol ingested.- Methanol (EHC 196, 1997) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Cooper JR & Felig P (1961) The biochemistry of methanol poisoning: II.; Metabolic acidosis in the monkey.- Methanol (EHC 196, 1997) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ These; effects do not seem to be induced by metabolic acidosis.- Methanol (EHC 196, 1997) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ The minimum lethal dose of methanol in the rat, rabbit, and dog is 9, 5, 7, and 8 g/kg, respectively (43); ethyl alcohol is more toxic than methanol to these test animals (43).
^ Alcoholics have a much higher incidence of cancer and other degenerative diseases, none of which can be attributed to ethanol alone (56).
^ Insufficient formic acid is generated to account for the severity of metabolic acidosis produced and, therefore, other organic acids may also be involved (32).
.^ If the owner or; possessor of the alcoholic beverages is found guilty of a criminal charge; relating to those alcoholic beverages, the judge may order the sale or; destruction of any alcoholic beverages that were held until trial.
^ The ability to steer is very susceptible to ; ethanol impairment and impairment has been found at levels well below 0.08 g/210 L ; alcohol concentration.- MISSOURI BREATH ALCOHOL PROGRAM 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.dhss.mo.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The raw materials of alcoholic beverages
The names of some beverages are determined by the source of the material fermented.
.^ Pursuant to the authority of; the State under the Twenty‑First Amendment to the United States; Constitution, the General Assembly finds that regulation of the business; relations between malt beverage manufacturers and importers and the wholesalers; of such products is necessary to: .
^ For purchase of a keg or kegs of malt beverages for off‑premises; consumption, the permit required by G.S. 18B‑403.1(a) must first be; obtained; .
^ A; permittee may transfer the ingredients from the fermentation room to the cold; room and may assist the customer in all the steps involved in brewing a malt; beverage except adding the yeast.
.^ Native wines shall be made principally from; honey, grapes, or other fruit or grain grown in this State, or from wine kits; containing honey, grapes, or other fruit or grain concentrates, and shall have; only that alcoholic content produced by natural fermentation.
.^ The direct; shipment of wine by wine shipper or wine shipper packager permittees pursuant; to this section shall be made by approved common carrier only.
^ Native wines shall be made principally from; honey, grapes, or other fruit or grain grown in this State, or from wine kits; containing honey, grapes, or other fruit or grain concentrates, and shall have; only that alcoholic content produced by natural fermentation.
^ Wines may be manufactured only from grapes grown in a; viticulture/enology course vineyard that is located on the school's campus or; the school's contracted or leased property.
.^ If a jurisdiction has lawfully; voted in favor of ABC stores or in favor of the sale of some kind of alcoholic; beverage, and the jurisdiction would not be eligible to hold another election; under the conditions set by G.S. 18B‑600, then that jurisdiction may; continue to hold elections as though qualified under G.S. 18B‑600.
^ Except for; purposes of this subsection, the holder of a wine‑tasting permit shall; not be construed to hold a permit for the on‑premises sale or consumption; of alcoholic beverages.
^ No city alcoholic beverage election may be; held within three years of the certification of the results of a previous; election on the same kind of alcoholic beverage in that city.
The variety of fruit must be specified, as (for example) "cherry brandy" or "plum wine".
In the USA and Canada,
cider often means
unfermented apple juice (see the article on
cider), while fermented cider is called
hard cider. Unfermented cider is sometimes called
sweet cider. In the UK,
cider refers to the alcoholic drink; in Australia the term is ambiguous.
.^ Sometimes it really just does seem like a made up story with little more weight than any other religious legend.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Approximately 25% of the 2-propanol found ; in beer is added as a flavouring agent during its manufacture [242].; ; 5.2.2 Exposure via other consumer products ; ; The general population is potentially exposed to a wide variety ; of consumer products containing 2-propanol (section 3.2.2).- Propanol, 2- (EHC 103, 1990) 18 May 2010 14:42 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Malt beverages; may be made by use of malt beverage kits containing grain extracts or; concentrates.
.^ Malt beverages; may be made by use of malt beverage kits containing grain extracts or; concentrates.
The style of whisk(e)y (Scotch, rye, Bourbon, corn) generally determines the primary grain used, with additional grains usually added to the blend (most often barley, and sometimes
oats).
.^ The persistent polarization that has stangely impeded civil and competent discussion of this issue must be overcome by earnest and respectful efforts on all sides, for the common weal.
Two common distilled beverages are
vodka and
gin.
.^ Some of the most common chemicals found in these artificial fragrances include toluene, xylene, acetone, benzene derivatives, and various aldehydes.
Some distillers and experts, however, may disagree, arguing that potato vodkas display a creamy
mouthfeel, while rye vodkas will have heavy nuances of rye. Other vodkas may display citrus notes.
.^ Finally, since there are a number of other excitotoxins on the market including aspartame, a cumulative effect would be expected in many cases.
^ A; farming establishment of at least five acres committed to the production of; grapes, berries, or other fruits for the manufacture of unfortified wine.
Applejack is an example of a drink originally made by
freeze distillation, which is easy to do in cold climates.
.^ Heaven and Hell clearly exist, and they are clearly spiritual states rather than physical places.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The most characteristic signs and symptoms of methyl alcohol poisoning in humans are the various visual disturbances which can occur without acidosis (55) although they unfortunately do not always appear (20).
^ It sounds like a cosmic battle in some ways, although I realise this a simplistic way of understanding both aspects.- John Polkinghorne Q&A 9 October 2009 5:33 UTC www.starcourse.org [Source type: Original source]
Ingredients
Grains
| Source |
Name of fermented beverage |
Name of distilled beverage |
| barley |
beer, ale, barley wine |
Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, shōchū (mugijōchū) (Japan) |
| rye |
rye beer, kvass |
rye whiskey, vodka (Poland), roggenkorn (Germany) |
| corn |
chicha, corn beer, tesguino |
Bourbon whiskey; and vodka (rarely) |
| sorghum |
burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), bilibili (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon) |
maotai, gaoliang, certain other types of baijiu (China). |
| wheat |
wheat beer |
vodka, wheat whisky, weizenkorn (Germany) |
| rice |
Ruou gao (Vietnam), huangjiu, choujiu (China), sake (Japan), sonti (India), makgeolli (Korea), tuak (Borneo Island), thwon (Nepal) |
aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shōchū (komejōchū) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea) |
| millet |
millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal, Tibet) |
| buckwheat |
|
shōchū (sobajōchū) (Japan) |
Juice of fruits
| Source |
Name of fermented beverage |
Name of distilled beverage |
| juice of grapes, |
wine |
brandy, Cognac (France), Vermouth, Armagnac (France), Branntwein (Germany), pisco (Chile and Peru), Rakia (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), Arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary) |
| juice of apples |
cider (U.S.: "hard cider"), apfelwein |
applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider |
| juice of pears |
perry, or pear cider; poire (France) |
Poire Williams, pear brandy, Eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary) |
| juice of plums |
plum wine |
slivovitz, tzuica, palinca, umeshu, pálinka |
| juice of pineapples |
tepache (Mexico) |
|
| bananas or plantains |
Chuoi hot (Vietnam), urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), kasikisi (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo) |
| gouqi |
gouqi jiu (China) |
gouqi jiu (China) |
| coconut |
arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines) |
Old arrack, Special, (Sri Lanka) |
| ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins |
ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine |
| Myrica rubra |
yangmei jiu (China) |
yangmei jiu (China) |
| pomace |
pomace wine |
Raki/Ouzo/Pastis/Sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy), Trester (Germany), marc (France), zivania (Cyprus), aguardente (Portugal), tescovină (Romania), Arak (Iraq) |
Vegetables
| Source |
Name of fermented beverage |
Name of distilled beverage |
| juice of ginger root |
ginger beer (Botswana) |
|
| potatoes or grain |
potato beer |
vodka: Potatoes are mostly used in Poland and Germany, otherwise grain or potatoes. A strong drink called akvavit, popular in Scandinavia, is made from potatoes or grain. In Ireland, poitín (or poteen) is a traditional liquor made from potatoes, which was illegal from 1661 to 1997. |
| sweet potato |
|
shōchū (imojōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea) |
| cassava/manioc/yuca |
nihamanchi (South America), kasiri (Sub-Saharan Africa), chicha (Ecuador) |
| juice of sugarcane, or molasses |
basi, betsa-betsa (regional) |
rum (Caribbean), pinga or cachaça (Brasil), aguardiente, guaro |
| juice of agave |
pulque |
tequila, mezcal, raicilla |
Other
See also
References
- ^ a b "Minimum Age Limits Worldwide". International Center for Alcohol Policies. http://icap.org/table/MinimumAgeLimitsWorldwide. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ Arnold, John P (2005). Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology. Cleveland, Ohio: Reprint Edition by BeerBooks. ISBN 0-9662084-1-2.
- ^ "Volume of World Beer Production". European Beer Guide. http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/eustats.htm#production. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
- ^ Arnold, John P (2005). Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology. Cleveland, Ohio: Reprint Edition by BeerBooks. ISBN 0-9662084-1-2.
- ^ "Volume of World Beer Production". European Beer Guide. http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/eustats.htm#production. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
- ^ Nelson, Max. "The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe". books.google.co.uk. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6xul0O_SI1MC&pg=PA1&dq=most+consumed+beverage&client=firefox-a. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ Lichine, Alexis. Alexis Lichine’s New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits (5th edition) (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987), 707–709.
- ^ "fifedirect - Licensing & Regulations - Calling Time on Short Measures!". Fifefire.gov.uk. 2008-07-29. http://www.fifefire.gov.uk/topics/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&subjectid=8133D50D-A872-4A5B-9C65EE07BBF04E7E&objectid=6DDC0AD4-C85A-2F07-BE70B5A0D64D0A58. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- ^ "UK | Brewers battle to save Crown mark". BBC News. 2007-03-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6435343.stm. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- ^ a b Ramchandani VA, Kwo PY, Li TK (December 2001). "Effect of food and food composition on alcohol elimination rates in healthy men and women". J Clin Pharmacol 41 (12): 1345–50. doi:10.1177/00912700122012814. PMID 11762562. http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/022F3832-2071-409B-BFC8-BF7C272F24AE/0/2001Effectoffoodandfoodcomposition.pdf.
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- ^ Meyer, Jerold S. and Linda F. Quenzer. Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior. Sinauer Associates, Inc: Sunderland, Massachusetts. 2005. Page 228.
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- ^ "Alcohol and heart disease". British Heart Foundation. http://www.bhf.org.uk/keeping_your_heart_healthy/healthy_eating/alcohol_advice.aspx.
- ^ "Moderate Drinking Lowers Women's Risk Of Heart Attack". Science Daily. 2007-05-25. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070523153047.htm.
- ^ a b A L Klatsky and G D Friedman (1995-01). "Alcohol and longevity". American Journal of Public Health (American Public Health Association) 85 (1): 16–8. PMID 7832254. PMC 1615277. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1615277.
- ^ "Alcohol 'major cause of dementia'". National Health Service. 2008-05-11. http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/05may/pages/alcoholmajordementiacause.aspx.
- ^ "Binge drinking 'increases risk' of dementia". The Guardian. 2009-05-10. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/may/10/alcohol-intake-dementia-memory-loss.
- ^ a b Oscar-Berman M, Marinkovic K (2003). "Alcoholism and the brain: an overview". Alcohol Res Health 27 (2): 125–33. PMID 15303622. Free full-text.
- ^ a b Krystal JH, Tabakoff B. (2002). [ETHANOL ABUSE, DEPENDENCE, AND WITHDRAWAL: NEUROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS]. In: Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress. Free full-text.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kyrstal2002; see Help:Cite error.
- ^ a b "Alcohol 'could reduce dementia risk'". BBC News. 2002-01-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1780130.stm.
- ^ a b c d e "Alcohol and cancer". Cancer Research UK. http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/healthyliving/alcohol/.
- ^ a b "Burden of alcohol-related cancer substantial". Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania. 2006-08-03. http://www.oncolink.com/resources/article.cfm?c=3&s=8&ss=23&id=13383&month=08&year=2006.
- ^ "Moderate Alcohol Consumption Increases Risk of Cancer in Women". 2009-03-10. http://professional.cancerconsultants.com/oncology_main_news.aspx?id=43299.
- ^ "Alcohol Consumption May Increase Pancreatic Cancer Risk". Medicalnewstoday.com. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/140882.php. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- ^ "Alcohol Consumption May Increase Pancreatic Cancer Risk". Medical News Today. 2009-03-04. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/140882.php.
- ^ "Can alcohol be good for you?". Cancer Research UK. http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/healthyliving/alcohol/benefits/.
- ^ a b "Alcohol may prevent diabetes". BBC News. 2002-05-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1988884.stm.
- ^ Dr Roger Henderson, GP (2006-01-17). "Alcohol and diabetes". Net Doctor. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/diabetes/201565.html.
- ^ H Rodgers, PD Aitken, JM French, RH Curless, D Bates and OF James (1993). "Alcohol and stroke. A case-control study of drinking habits past and present". Stroke (AHA Journals) 24: 1473–1477. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/strokeaha;24/10/1473.
- ^ a b Richard Doll*, Richard Peto, Jillian Boreham and Isabelle Sutherland (2005). "Mortality in relation to alcohol consumption: a prospective study among male British doctors". International Journal of Epidemiology (Oxford Journals) 34 (1): 199–204. doi:10.1093/ije/dyh369. PMID 15647313. http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/34/1/199.
- ^ "Alcohol-Attributable Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost --- United States, 2001". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004-09-24. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5337a2.htm.
- ^ "Alcohol". BBC News. 2000-08-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/a-b/872428.stm.
- ^ "Alcohol linked to thousands of deaths". BBC News. 2000-07-14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/833483.stm.
- ^ a b Grattan, K.E. and Vogel-Sprott. Maintaining intentional control of behavior under alcohol. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. 2001 Feb;25(2):192–197.
- ^ Marlatt, G. A. and Rosenow. “The think-drink effect”. Psychology Today, 1981, 15, 60-93.
- ^ a b MacAndrew, C. and Edgerton. Drunken Comportment: A Social Explanation. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - global_alcohol_overview_260105.doc" (PDF). http://www.who.int/entity/substance_abuse/publications/global_status_report_2004_overview.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- ^ "Ley 24.788". 1997-03-31. http://infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/40000-44999/42480/norma.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
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- ^ LBK nr 1020 af 21/10/2008 (Danish)
- ^ "TTBGov General Alcohol FAQs". Ttb.gov. http://www.ttb.gov/faqs/genalcohol.shtml. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- ^ Calgary Herald. "Last call for happy hour". Calgary Herald, August 1, 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
- ^ Ahmad Y Hassan, Technology Transfer in the Chemical Industries
- ^ [[George Will |George F. Will]] (2009-10-29). "A reality check on drug use". Washington Post. Washington Post. pp. A19. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/28/AR2009102803801.html.
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- ^ http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/reprint/28/4/570.pdf
- ^ Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D. (1 July 2008). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment (4th ed.). United States of America: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. p. 114. ISBN 978-1585622764. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6wdJgejlQzYC.
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