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For alternative theories of the September 11 attacks, see 9/11 conspiracy theories.

There are numerous theories regarding the history and nature of Al-Qaeda which are at odds with the standard account presented, for example, in the 9/11 Commission Report. These include conspiracy theories and various minority viewpoints.

Al-Qaeda is a false flag organization

Iraq

Laurie Mylroie has been the main exponent of the idea that Al-Qaeda was a front for operations by Iraqi intelligence.

Other countries

Other Muslim countries such as Iran and Pakistan have sometimes been alleged to be state sponsors of Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda is also sometimes alleged to be controlled by the intelligence services of the USA or Israel.^{[citation needed]}

Al-Qaeda is fictitious

There is no Al-Qaeda organization

This view has been popularized by the BBC documentary The Power of Nightmares.

The name "Al-Qaeda" is not used within the organization

This was asserted by Jason Burke in his book Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror.