From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel; typically as a result of atherosclerosis. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a balloon catheter, is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size using water pressures some 75 to 500 times normal blood pressure (6 to 20 atmospheres). The balloon crushes the fatty deposits, so opening up the blood vessel to improved flow, and the balloon is then collapsed and withdrawn.
The word is composed of the medical combining forms of the Greek words αγγειος aggeîos meaning "vessel" and πλαστός plastós meaning "formed" or "moulded". Angioplasty has come to include all manner of vascular interventions typically performed in a minimally invasive or percutaneous method.
History
Diagram of a balloon catheter.
The first balloon angioplasty was performed interoperatively during bypass surgery in May, 1977 in St. Mary's Hospital in San Francisco, California. On September 16, 1977 German surgeon Andreas Gruentzig (1939-85) performed the operation on an awake 37-year-old insurance salesman in Zurich, Switzerland.
Peripheral angioplasty
Peripheral angioplasty refers to the use of mechanical widening in opening blood vessels other than the coronary arteries. It is often called percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or PTA for short. PTA is most commonly done to treat narrowings in the leg arteries, especially the common iliac, external iliac, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. PTA can also be done to treat narrowings in veins, etc. coronary artery is the right branch.
Coronary angioplasty
A
coronary angiogram (an X-ray with radio-opaque contrast in the coronary arteries) that shows the left
coronary circulation. The distal
left main coronary artery (LMCA) is in the left upper quadrant of the image. Its main branches (also visible) are the
left circumflex artery (LCX), which courses top-to-bottom initially and then toward the centre-bottom, and the
left anterior descending (LAD) artery, which courses from left-to-right on the image and then courses down the middle of the image to project underneath the distal LCX. The LAD, as is usual, has two large diagonal branches, which arise at the centre-top of the image and course toward the centre-right of the image.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques that form due to atherosclerosis. PCI is usually performed by an interventional cardiologist.
Treatment with PCI for patients with stable coronary artery disease reduces chest pain, but does not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or other major cardiovascular events when added to optimal medical therapy.[1] However, for patients with unstable coronary artery disease or in the throes of a heart attack, treatment with PCI is unquestionably superior to medical therapy.
Renal artery angioplasty
Atherosclerotic obstruction of the renal artery can be treated with angioplasty of the renal artery (percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, PTRA). Renal artery stenosis can lead to hypertension and loss of renal function.
Carotid angioplasty
The SAPPHIRE trial also discloses that Jay Yadav was the inventor of the Angioguard embolic protection device used in the trial and held Angioguard stock at the time of purchase by Cordis, a sub-unit of Johnson and Johnson.
Cerebral arteries angioplasty
In 1983, the Russian neurosurgeon Zubkov and colleagues reported the first use of transluminal balloon angioplasty for vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.[2][3] Coronary artery
See also
References
- ^ Boden, W. E., R. A. O'Rourke, et al. (2007). "Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease." N Engl J Med 356(15): 1503-16.
- ^ Zubkov IuN, Nikiforov BM, Shustin VA (Sep-Oct 1983). "1st attempt at dilating spastic cerebral arteries in the acute stage of rupture of arterial aneurysms". Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 5: 17–23. PMID 6228084.
- ^ Zubkov YN, Nikiforov BM, Shustin VA (Sep-Oct 1984). "Balloon catheter technique for dilatation of constricted cerebral arteries after aneurysmal SAH". Acta Neurochir (Wien) 70 (1-2): 65–79. PMID 6234754.
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