From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 193 – Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).
• 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
• 1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.
• 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.
• 1440 – Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
• 1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.
• 1860 – The oldest audible sound recording of a human voice is recorded.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.
• 1865 – Birth of Charles Proteus Steinmetz
• 1867 – Alaska purchase: Passing by a single vote, the United States Senate ratifies a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska.
• 1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act.
• 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun – German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
• 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras – the battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
• 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys – the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.
• 1937 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London – it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
• 1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March – United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast.
• 1945 – World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk.
• 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
• 1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
• 1947 – The Glazier-Higgins-Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
• 1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia known as La violencia.
• 1948 – Massacre at Deir Yassin.
• 1952 – Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines
• 1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.
• 1959 – Mercury program: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
• 1965 – Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.
• 1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
• 1968 – Martin Luther King funeral
• 1969 – The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty to federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1969 – The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.
• 1975 – The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.
• 1989 – The April 9 tragedy in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strikes, demanding restoration of Georgian independence is dispersed by the Soviet army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
• 1991 – Georgia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
• 1992 – John Major's Conservative Party wins an unprecedented fourth general election victory in the United Kingdom.
• 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger, is assassinated.
• 2002 – The funeral of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother at Westminster Abbey.
• 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: Baghdad falls to American forces.
• 2005 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles.

Births

• 1336 – Tamerlane (Timur), Central Asian, Turkic conqueror (d. 1405)
• 1498 – John, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (d. 1550)
• 1597 – John Davenport, Connecticut pioneer (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (d. 1696)
• 1648 – Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
• 1649 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of Great Britain (d. 1685)
• 1680 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (d. 1754)
• 1686 – James Craggs the Younger, British politician (d. 1721)
• 1691 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)
• 1757 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, British admiral (d. 1833)
• 1770 – Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist (d. 1831)
• 1773 – Étienne Aignan, French writer (d. 1824)
• 1794 – Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (d. 1881)
• 1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (d. 1859)
• 1821 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet (d. 1867)
• 1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English-born photographer and motion picture pioneer (d. 1904)
• 1835 – King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• 1865 – Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War I (d. 1937)
• 1867 – Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
• 1872 – Léon Blum, French prime minister (d. 1950)
• 1882 – Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (d. 1946)
• 1888 – Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (d. 1974)
• 1889 – Efrem Zimbalist, Russian violinist (d. 1985)
• 1893 – Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, Great Indian Historian, Writer, Scholar (d. 1963)
• 1895 – Michel Simon, French actor (d. 1975)
• 1897 – John B. Gambling, American radio talk-show host (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Curly Lambeau, American football coach, executive (d. 1965)
• 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer and activist (d. 1976)
• 1900 – Allen Jenkins, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Paul Willis, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1903 – Ward Bond, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1904 – Sharkey Bonano, American musician (d. 1972)
• 1905 – J. William Fulbright, American politician (d. 1995)
• 1906 – Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996)
• 1906 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-born painter (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Abraham Ribicoff, American politician (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Lew Kopelew, Russian author (d. 1997)
• 1915 – Daniel Johnson, Sr., Quebec politician (d. 1968)
• 1917 – Johannes Bobrowski, German lyricist and writer (d. 1965)
• 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (d. 2008)
• 1919 – J. Presper Eckert, American computer pioneer (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Jean-Marie Balestre, French motorsports official (FIA) (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Carl Amery, German writer (d. 2005)
• 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American entrepreneur and publisher
• 1928 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006)
• 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American musician and mathematician
• 1930 – Nathaniel Branden, Canadian psychotherapist
• 1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007)
• 1931 – Richard Hatfield, Canadian politician (d. 1991)
• 1932 – Jim Fowler, American zoologist
• 1932 – Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Carl Perkins, American musician (d. 1998)
• 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor
• 1934 – Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
• 1935 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1936 – Valerie Solanas, American feminist (d. 1988)
• 1937 – Marty Krofft, Canadian television producer
• 1937 – Valerie Singleton, British television presenter
• 1938 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician
• 1939 – Michael Learned, American actress
• 1940 – Jim Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1941 – Kaye Adams, American country singer
• 1941 – Chu Song-woong, Korean stage actor (d. 1985)
• 1942 – Brandon De Wilde, American actor (d. 1972)
• 1943 – Terry Knight, American music promoter (d. 2004)
• 1945 – Steve Gadd, American session drummer
• 1945 – Peter Gammons, American sports journalist
• 1946 – David Webb, English footballer and coach
• 1948 – Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress
• 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American musician
• 1954 – Dennis Quaid, American actor
• 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, British politician
• 1955 – Joolz Denby, English poet and novelist
• 1955 – Kate Heyhoe, American food writer
• 1956 – Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentine footballer
• 1957 – Brian Alexander, British broadcaster
• 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer
• 1957 – Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer
• 1961 – Mark Kelly, British keyboard player (Marillion)
• 1962 – Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian artist and film director
• 1962 – Imran Sherwani, British field hockey player
• 1963 – Marc Jacobs, American fashion designer
• 1963 – Joe Scarborough, American television personality
• 1964 – Rob Awalt, American football player
• 1964 – Soyo Oka, Japanese musician
• 1964 – Rick Tocchet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Jay Wesley Neill, American murderer (d. 2002)
• 1965 – Mark Pellegrino, American actor
• 1965 – Paulina Porizkova, Czechoslovakian actress and supermodel
• 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American television executive
• 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress
• 1967 – Alex Kahn, American artist
• 1970 – Mike Barz, American meteorologist and TV anchor
• 1971 – Peter Canavan, Gaelic footballer
• 1971 – Earl Cole, Winner of Survivor: Fiji
• 1971 – Austin Peck, American actor
• 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, French/Canadian racing driver
• 1973 – Spenny Rice, Canadian entertainer
• 1974 – Jenna Jameson, American pornographic actress
• 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer
• 1975 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer
• 1975 – David Gordon Green, American filmmaker
• 1977 – Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
• 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer
• 1978 – Vesna Pisarović, Croatian singer
• 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer (S Club)
• 1978 – Veronica Taylor, American actress
• 1979 – Albert Hammond, Jr., American guitarist (The Strokes)
• 1979 – Katsuni, French pornographic actress
• 1979 – Keith Nobbs, American actor
• 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress
• 1979 – Jeff Reed, American football player
• 1980 – Clueso, German singer, rapper, songwriter and producer
• 1980 – Yoanna House, American model
• 1980 – Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer
• 1981 – Milan Bartovič, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1981 – Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer
• 1981 – Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor
• 1982 – Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer
• 1984 – Linda Chung, Canadian/Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1984 – Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player
• 1985 – Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese actor and singer (NEWS)
• 1986 – Brian Larsen, American musician and record producer
• 1986 – Leighton Meester, American Singer/Actress
• 1987 – Craig Mabbitt, American singer (Escape the Fate)
• 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American actor and singer
• 1987 – Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1987 – Jazmine Sullivan, American R&B Singer
• 1988 – Dino Imperial, Filipino actor
• 1988 – Uee, South Korean actress and singer (After School)
• 1990 – Kristen Stewart, American actress
• 1995 – Albert Lee, British R&B Singer
• 1998 – Elle Fanning, American actress

Deaths

• 93 – Yuan An, Minister over the Masses of the Han dynasty
• 491 – Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
• 715 – Pope Constantine
• 1024 – Pope Benedict VIII
• 1137 – William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)
• 1483 – King Edward IV of England (b. 1442)
• 1484 – Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473)
• 1492 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesmen (b. 1449)
• 1553 – François Rabelais, French writer
• 1557 – Mikael Agricola, Finnish scholar (b. c. 1510)
• 1626 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, statesman, and essayist (b. 1561)
• 1654 – Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1588)
• 1693 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
• 1747 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish clan chief (executed)
• 1754 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (b. 1679)
• 1761 – William Law, British minister (b. 1686)
• 1804 – Jacques Necker, French statesman (b. 1732)
• 1806 – William V of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (b. 1748)
• 1872 – Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (b. 1794)
• 1876 – Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
• 1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist (b. 1786)
• 1909 – Helena Modrzejewska, Polish-American actress (b. 1840)
• 1917 – James Hope Moulton, British scholar of Classical Greek (b. 1863)
• 1936 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (b. 1855)
• 1940 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, British actress (b. 1865)
• 1944 – Evgeniya Rudneva, Russian World War II heroine (b. 1920)
• 1945 – Wilhelm Canaris, German Admiral (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (b. 1906)
• 1945 – Georg Elser, failed assassin of Hitler (b. 1903)
• 1945 – Hans Oster, German General, member of the German Resistance (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Hans von Dohnanyi, German jurist, member of the German Resistance (b. 1902)
• 1945 – Karl Sack, German jurist, member of the German Resistance (b. 1896)
• 1948 – George Carpenter, Australian Salvation Army general (b. 1872)
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (b. 1903)
• 1951 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Eddie Cochems, Father of the Forward Pass in American football (b. 1877)
• 1953 – C.E.M. Joad, English philosopher and broadcaster (b. 1891)
• 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (b. 1867)
• 1961 – King Zog of Albania (b. 1895).
• 1963 – Eddie Edwards, American jazz tromboner (b. 1891)
• 1970 – Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish illustrator (b. 1896)
• 1976 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer, pianist (b. 1903)
• 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer (b. 1940)
• 1978 – Clough Williams-Ellis, Welsh architect (b. 1883)
• 1982 – Wilfrid Pelletier, French Canadian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1988 – Brook Benton, American singer (b. 1931)
• 1988 – David Prater, American singer (Sam & Dave) (b. 1937)
• 1989 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (b. 1946)
• 1991 – Martin Hannett, record producer (b. 1948)
• 1996 – Richard Condon, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1996 – James W. Rouse, American real estate developer, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1914)
• 1997 – Helene Hanff, American writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 – Mae Boren Axton, American singer and songwriter (b. 1914)
• 1998 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Niger politician and general (b. 1949)
• 2001 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player (b. 1940)
• 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
• 2002 – Pat Flaherty, American racecar driver (b. 1926)
• 2003 – Earl Bramblett, Executed American murderer
• 2005 – Andrea Dworkin, American feminist activist and writer (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and official (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish writer and film director (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and writer (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Nick Adenhart, MLB pitcher (b. 1986)

Holidays and observances

• Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor, celebrated as Bataan Day in Bataan) in the Philippines.
• Saints
  • Saint Waltrudis
  • Saint Gaucherius
• Vimy Ridge Day in Canada commemorating the Battle of Vimy Ridge

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

From Wikiquote

Quotes of the day from previous years:

2004

The soul would have no rainbow had the eyes no tears. ~ John Vance Cheney

• selected by Kalki

2005

Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts. ~ Richard Feynman

• selected by Kalki

2006

I'm sure we all agree that we ought to love one another, and I know there are people in the world who do not love their fellow human beings — and I hate people like that! ~ Tom Lehrer (born 9 April 1928)

• selected by Kalki

2007

It is at once by way of poetry and through poetry, as with music, that the soul glimpses splendors from beyond the tomb; and when an exquisite poem brings one’s eyes to the point of tears, those tears are not evidence of an excess of joy, they are witness far more to an exacerbated melancholy, a disposition of the nerves, a nature exiled among imperfect things, which would like to possess, without delay, a paradise revealed on this very same earth. ~ Charles Baudelaire (born 9 April 1821)

• proposed by InvisibleSun

2008

Imagination is the queen of truth, and possibility is one of the regions of truth. She is positively akin to infinity. ~ Charles Baudelaire

• proposed by InvisibleSun

2009

These tall and handsome ships, swaying imperceptibly on tranquil waters, these sturdy ships, with their inactive, nostalgic appearance, don’t they say to us in a speechless tongue: When do we cast off for happiness? ~ Charles Baudelaire

• proposed by InvisibleSun

2010

Suggestions

To be wicked is never excusable, but there is some merit in knowing that you are; the most irreparable of vices is to do evil from stupidity. ~ Charles Baudelaire

• 3 InvisibleSun 02:28, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 23:32, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
• 2 Arjen Dijksman 13:44, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 14:25, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

It is necessary to work, if not from inclination, at least from despair. As it turns out, work is less boring than amusing oneself. ~ Charles Baudelaire

• 3 InvisibleSun 02:28, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 23:32, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
• 2 Arjen Dijksman 13:44, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 14:25, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

An artist is only an artist thanks to his exquisite sense of beauty — a sense which provides him with intoxicating delights, but at the same time implying and including a sense, equally exquisite, of all deformity and disproportion. ~ Charles Baudelaire

• 3 InvisibleSun 02:28, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 04:32, 8 April 2007 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.
• 1 Zarbon 23:32, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
• 3 Arjen Dijksman 13:44, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

There is in a word, in a verb, something sacred which forbids us from using it recklessly. To handle a language cunningly is to practice a kind of evocative sorcery. ~ Charles Baudelaire

• 3 InvisibleSun 02:28, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 04:32, 8 April 2007 (UTC) with a strong lean toward 4.
• 1 Zarbon 23:32, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
• 3 Arjen Dijksman 13:44, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

A field marshal is born, not made! ~ Erich Ludendorff (born April 9)

• 3 and lean toward 4 because this is true. You cannot create the great character in a person, he must have it within. I love this militant mindset. Zarbon 06:42, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
  • SOURCE: World War I: A Student Encyclopedia - Page 1137 by Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts - History - 2005
• 2 Arjen Dijksman 13:44, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 14:25, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

How shall I be able to rule over others, that have not full power and command of myself? ~ François Rabelais (date of death/date of birth unknown)

• 4 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) but ONLY IF extended to include:

He would never take upon him the charge nor government of monks. For how shall I be able, said he, to rule over others, that have not full power and command of myself: l If you think I have done you, or may hereafter do you any acceptable service, give me leave to found an abbey after my own mind and fancy.

OTHERWISE, only 0, as the snippet quoted easily can be taken to imply a desire to rule over others, which the wise monk is wisely rejecting — as it is only those who least have power and command of themselves who most desire to rule over others, and those with most ability and wisdom wish it least.

I have nothing, owe a great deal, and the rest I leave to the poor. ~ François Rabelais (date of death/date of birth unknown)

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

I never follow the clock: hours were made for man, not man for hours. ~ François Rabelais

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.

Men are not in hell because God is angry with them. They are in wrath and darkness because they have done to the light, which infinitely flows forth from God, as that man does to the light who puts out his own eyes. ~ William Law (date of death/date of birth unknown)

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

You can have no greater sign of confirmed pride than when you think you are humble enough. ~ William Law

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) The wise have long observed that those who think themselves too humble and kind towards others and do "too much" for them are among the least kindly and humble of all, and often seek reasons or excuses to be even less so, while the wisest are usually quite humbly disposed to be as kind as honorably possible (without being even more unkind to others), even to those least deserving of kindness.

The continued existence of wildlife and wilderness is important to the quality of life of humans. Our challenge for the future is that we realize we are very much a part of the earth's ecosystem, and we must learn to respect and live according to the basic biological laws of nature. ~ Jim Fowler

• 2 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Almost all of the social tragedies occurring around the world today are caused by ignoring the basic biological laws of nature ... The quicker we humans learn that saving open space and wildlife is critical to our welfare and quality of life, maybe we'll start thinking of doing something about it. ~ Jim Fowler

• 2 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Against this background, the jealousy of the protagonist becomes more credible, the blows to his pride more understandable, the final collapse of his personal, individual world more inevitable. But beyond the personal tragedy, the terrible agony of Othello, the irretrievability of his world, the complete destruction of all his trusted and sacred values — all these suggest the shattering of a universe. ~ Paul Robeson

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) This is clearly lacking context as quoted here, but would give it a 3 if either cut to:

Beyond the personal tragedy, the terrible agony of Othello, the irretrievability of his world, the complete destruction of all his trusted and sacred values — all these suggest the shattering of a universe.

OR, perhaps extended to:

It was deeply fascinating to watch how strikingly contemporary American audiences from coast to coast found Shakespeare's Othello — painfully immediate in its unfolding of evil, innocence, passion, dignity and nobility, and contemporary in its overtones of a clash of cultures, of the partial acceptance of and consequent effect upon one of a minority group. Against this background, the jealousy of the protagonist becomes more credible, the blows to his pride more understandable, the final collapse of his personal, individual world more inevitable. But beyond the personal tragedy, the terrible agony of Othello, the irretrievability of his world, the complete destruction of all his trusted and sacred values — all these suggest the shattering of a universe.

One does not need a very long racial memory to loose on oneself in such a part...As I act, civilization falls away from me. My plight becomes real, the horrors terrible facts. I feel the terror of the slave mart, the degradation of man bought and sold into slavery. Well, I am the son of an emancipated slave and the stories of old father are vivid on the tablets of my memory. ~ Paul Robeson

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Pale hands I loved beside the Shalimar.
Where are you now? Who lies beneath your spell?
Whom do you lead on Rapture's roadway, far,
Before you agonise them in farewell? ~ Laurence Hope

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

I would have rather felt you round my throat
Crushing out life, than waving me farewell! ~ Laurence Hope

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

It's the things that aren't accepted as conventionally beautiful that I find more attractive. ~ Marc Jacobs

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

A painting grows like a plant. Use all colours, all shapes. Everything that attracts and excites me is a part of me. Painting is about proportions, relationships which breathe life. Painting is a harmony which runs parallel to nature. ~ Stefan Szczesny

• 2 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Light, colour, love - let me come under your spell. Life can be represented only by a lively kind of painting. There is clarity in passion. ~ Stefan Szczesny

• 2 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

What is the secret behind the emotional effect of great works of painting? What laws govern their beauty? Delacroix said that being a feast for the eyes is the prime merit of a good painting. I seek the timeless, the quintessential in painting. ~ Stefan Szczesny

• 2 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

There are two Americas. One is the America of Lincoln and Adlai Stevenson; the other is the America of Teddy Roosevelt and the modern superpatriots. One is generous and humane, the other narrowly egotistical; one is self-critical, the other self-righteous; one is sensible, the other romantic; one is good-humored, the other solemn; one is inquiring, the other pontificating; one is moderate, the other filled with passionate intensity; one is judicious and the other arrogant in the use of great power. ~ J. William Fulbright

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

A pre-emptive war in 'defense' of freedom would surely destroy freedom, because one simply cannot engage in barbarous action without becoming a barbarian, because one cannot defend human values by calculated and unprovoked violence without doing mortal damage to the values one is trying to defend. ~ J. William Fulbright

• 3 Zarbon 15:48, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Wisdom entereth not into a malicious mind, and science without conscience is but the ruin of the soul. ~ François Rabelais

• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.
• 2 Zarbon 04:16, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

He that has patience may compass anything. ~ François Rabelais

• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.
• 2 Zarbon 04:16, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

Come, pluck up a good heart; speak the truth and shame the devil. ~ François Rabelais

• 3 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) with a lean toward 4.
• 1 Zarbon 04:16, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

• 4 Kalki 21:44, 6 April 2009 (UTC) I think this is sufficient as quoted, but have also considered extending it to begin with:

All their life was spent not in laws, statutes, or rules, but according to their own free will and pleasure. They rose out of their beds when they thought good: they did eat, drink, labour, sleep, when they had a mind to it, and were disposed for it. None did awake them, none did offer to constrain them to eat, drink, nor to do any other thing; for so had Gargantua established it.

AND/OR ending with:

Those same men, when by base subjection and constraint they are brought under and kept down, turn aside from that noble disposition, by which they formerly were inclined to virtue, to shake off and break that bond of servitude, wherein they are so tyrannously enslaved; for it is agreeable with the nature of man to long after things forbidden, and to desire what is denied us.

• 1 Zarbon 04:16, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

All the world seems in tune
On a spring afternoon,
When we're poisoning pigeons in the park.
Every Sunday you'll see
My sweetheart and me,
As we poison the pigeons in the park.

~ Tom Lehrer, "Poisoning Pigeons in the Park"

—This unsigned comment is by SuperJew (talk • contribs) .

• 0 Zarbon 16:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 18:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

The monuments of wit survive the monuments of power.

~Francis Bacon, "Essex's Device" (1595)

—This unsigned comment is by SuperJew (talk • contribs) .

• 1 Zarbon 16:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 18:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Nam et ipsa scientia potestas est. (Knowledge is power.)

~Francis Bacon, Meditationes Sacræ [Sacred Meditations] (1597) "De Hæresibus" [Of Heresies]

—This unsigned comment is by SuperJew (talk • contribs) .

• 0 and please sign your name and vote accordingly if you wish to participate. Zarbon 16:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 18:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Nil terribile nisi ipse timor. (Nothing is terrible except fear itself.)

~Francis Bacon, De Augmentis Scientiarum, Book II, Fortitudo (1623)

—This unsigned comment is by SuperJew (talk • contribs) .

• 1 seems like the usual phrase "fear nothing but fear itself. Zarbon 16:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 18:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Israel's Exodus from Egypt will forever stay the spring of the whole world. (original hebrew: "יציאת ישראל ממצרים תישאר לעד האביב של כל העולם כולו.")

~Rabbi Kook. original quote appears here and Rabbi Kook's page is here

—This unsigned comment is by SuperJew (talk • contribs) .

• 0 Zarbon 16:08, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Kalki 18:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

From StrategyWiki, the free strategy guide and walkthrough wiki

Articles detailing events that are related to April 9. This may include the release of games or systems, the founding of a video game related company or some other important event.

From Wikia Gaming, your source for walkthroughs, games, guides, and more!

Game releases

• 2007
  • Super Paper Mario for Wii in North America

From Familypedia

April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).
• 475 - Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysiste christological position.
• 1241 - Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeats the Polish and German armies.
• 1413 - Henry V is crowned King of England.
• 1440 - Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
• 1667 - First public art exhibition opens in Paris.
• 1682 - Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, effectively ending the war.
• 1867 - Alaska purchase: Passing by a single vote, the United States Senate ratifies a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska.
• 1909 - The U.S. Congress passes the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act.
• 1913 - The Brooklyn Dodgers' Ebbets Field opens.
• 1916 - World War I: Battle of Verdun - German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
• 1917 - World War I: Battle of Arras - The battle begins with Canadian forces executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
• 1937 - The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London - it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
• 1939 - Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after having been refused the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.
• 1940 - World War II: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March - United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. Japanese Navy launches air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast.
• 1945 - World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk.
• 1945 - World War II: Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
• 1945 - The United States Atomic Energy Commission formed
• 1947 - The Glazier-Higgins-Woodward Tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
• 1947 - The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
• 1948 - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in all of Colombia (La violencia).
• 1948 - Massacre at Deir Yassin.
• 1953 - Warner Brothers premieres the first 3-D film, entitled House of Wax
• 1957 - The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping
• 1959 - Mercury program: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, which the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
• 1967 - The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) takes its maiden flight.
• 1969 - The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty on federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1975 - The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.
• 1980 - Israeli troops move into Lebanon
• 1980 - Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr is murdered by Saddam Husseins baath party, Along with his sister Bint al-Hoda Sadr. They are commonly known as the 2 martyrs by Iraqi shia muslims.
• 1986 - The government of France rules against the privatization of French automaker Renault.
• 1991 - Georgia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 - US Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty on drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
• 1992 - John Major's Conservative Party wins an unprecedented fourth general election victory in the United Kingdom.
• 1997 - Lockheed Martin unveils the F-22 Raptor Stealth air superiority fighter.
• 1998 - The National Prisoner of War Museum is located in Andersonville, on the site of the American Civil War Andersonville POW camp.
• 1999 - Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger, is assassinated.
• 2003 - 2003 invasion of Iraq: Baghdad falls to American forces.
• 2005 - HRH Charles weds Camilla Parker Bowles.

Births

• 1336 - Tamerlane (Timur), Central Asian, Turkic conqueror (d. 1405)
• 1498 - John, French churchman (d. 1550)
• 1597 - John Davenport, Connecticut pioneer (d. 1670)
• 1634 - Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (d. 1696)
• 1648 - Henri de Massue, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
• 1649 - James Scott, illegitimate son of Charles II of Great Britain (d. 1685)
• 1680 - Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (d. 1754)
• 1686 - James Craggs the Younger, British politician (d. 1721)
• 1691 - Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)
• 1757 - Edward Pellew, British admiral (d. 1833)
• 1770 - Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist (d. 1831)
• 1773 - Étienne Aignan, French writer (d. 1824)
• 1794 - Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (d. 1881)
• 1806 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (d. 1859)
• 1821 - Charles Baudelaire, French poet (d. 1867)
• 1830 - Eadweard Muybridge, English-born photographer and motion picture pioneer (d. 1904)
• 1835 - King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• 1865 - Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War I (d. 1937)
• 1867 - Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
• 1872 - Léon Blum, French prime minister (d. 1950)
• 1888 - Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (d. 1974)
• 1889 - Efrem Zimbalist, Russian violinist (d. 1985)
• 1895 - Michel Simon, French actor (d. 1975)
• 1897 - John B. Gambling, American radio talk-show host (d. 1974)
• 1898 - Curly Lambeau, American football coach, executive (d. 1965)
• 1898 - Paul Robeson, American singer and activist (d. 1976)
• 1903 - Ward Bond, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1904 - Sharkey Bonano, American musician (d. 1972)
• 1905 - J. William Fulbright, U.S. Senator from Arkansas (d. 1995)
• 1906 - Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
• 1906 - Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996)
• 1908 - Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-born painter (d. 1997)
• 1910 - Abraham Ribicoff, American politician (d. 1998)
• 1912 - Lew Kopelew, Russian author (d. 1997)
• 1915 - Daniel Johnson, Quebec politician (d. 1968)
• 1917 - Johannes Bobrowski, German lyricist and writer (d. 1965)
• 1917 - Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1918 - Jørn Utzon, Danish architect
• 1919 - J. Presper Eckert, American computer pioneer (d. 1995)
• 1921 - Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 - Carl Amery, German writer (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Hugh Hefner, American editor and publisher, founder of Playboy
• 1928 - Tom Lehrer, American musician and mathematician
• 1928 - Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006)
• 1930 - F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007)
• 1931 - Richard Hatfield, Canadian politician (d. 1991)
• 1932 - Jim Fowler, American zoologist
• 1932 - Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006)
• 1932 - Carl Perkins, American musician (d. 1998)
• 1932 - Cheeta, chimpanzee actor
• 1933 - Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor
• 1934 - Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
• 1935 - Avery Schreiber, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1937 - Marty Krofft, Canadian children's television producer
• 1938 - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician
• 1939 - Michael Learned, American actress
• 1940 - Jim Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1941 - Chu Song-woong, Korean stage actor (d. 1985)
• 1942 - Brandon De Wilde, American actor (d. 1972)
• 1943 - Terry Knight, American music promoter (Grand Funk Railroad) (d. 2004)
• 1945 - Peter Gammons, American baseball journalist
• 1945 - Steve Gadd, American session drummer
• 1946 - David Webb, English football player and coach
• 1948 - Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress
• 1953 - Hal Ketchum, American musician
• 1954 - Dennis Quaid, American actor
• 1954 - Iain Duncan Smith, British politician
• 1955 - Joolz Denby, English poet and novelist
• 1957 - Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer
• 1957 - Brian Alexander, British broadcaster
• 1961 - Mark Kelly, British keyboard player (Marillion)
• 1962 - Imran Sherwani, British field hockey player
• 1963 - Marc Jacobs, American fashion designer
• 1964 - Rick Tocchet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1964 - Rob Awalt, American football player
• 1964 - Soyo Oka, Japanese musician
• 1965 - Jeff Zucker, American television executive
• 1965 - Paulina Porizkova, Czechoslovakian-born actress and supermodel
• 1965 - Jay Wesley Neill, American convicted murderer (d. 2002)
• 1966 - Cynthia Nixon, American actress
• 1967 - Rajendra Yadav, Indian doctor
• 1971 - Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian Formula 1 driver
• 1971 - Peter Canavan, Gaelic footballer
• 1974 - Jenna Jameson, American porn star
• 1974 - Andrew Hansen, Australian Comedian The Chaser
• 1974 - Alexander Pichushkin , Russian serial killer
• 1975 - Robbie Fowler, English footballer
• 1977 - Gerard Way, American musician, My Chemical Romance frontman/vocalist, Cartoonist (Umbrella Academy)
• 1978 - Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer
• 1978 - Rachel Stevens, English singer (S Club)
• 1978 - Vesna Pisarović, Croatian singer
• 1979 - Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress
• 1979 - Albert Hammond, American guitarist (The Strokes)
• 1979 - Keith Nobbs, American actor
• 1980 - Yoanna House, American model
• 1980 - Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer
• 1981 - Milan Bartovič, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1981 - Eric Harris, Columbine High School shooter (d. 1999)
• 1981 - Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer
• 1981 - Taylor Kitsch, Canadian actor and model
• 1981 - Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player
• 1982 - Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer
• 1983 - Clint Dempsey, American soccer player
• 1984 - Linda Chung, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1984 - Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player
• 1985 - Yamashita Tomohisa, Japanese singer
• 1986 - Brian Larsen, American musician and record producer
• 1986 - Leighton Meester, American actress
• 1987 - Jesse McCartney, American actor and singer
• 1987 - Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1998 - Elle Fanning, American child actress

Deaths

• 93 - Yuan An, Minister over the Masses of the Han dynasty
• 491 - Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
• 715 - Pope Constantine
• 1024 - Pope Benedict VIII
• 1137 - William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)
• 1483 - King Edward IV of England (b. 1442)
• 1484 - Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473)
• 1492 - Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesmen (b. 1449)
• 1553 - François Rabelais, French writer
• 1557 - Mikael Agricola, Finnish scholar (b. 1510)
• 1626 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, statesman, and essayist (b. 1561)
• 1654 - Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1588)
• 1693 - Roger de Rabutin, French writer (b. 1618)
• 1747 - Simon Fraser, Scottish clan chief
• 1754 - Christian Wolff, German philosopher (b. 1679)
• 1761 - William Law, British minister (b. 1686)
• 1804 - Jacques Necker, French statesman (b. 1732)
• 1806 - William V of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic
• 1876 - Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
• 1889 - Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist (b. 1786)
• 1909 - Helena Modrzejewska, Polish-American actress (b. 1840)
• 1917 - James Hope Moulton, British scholar of Classical Greek (b. 1863)
• 1936 - Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (b. 1855)
• 1940 - Mrs. Patrick Campbell, British actress (b. 1865)
• 1944 - Evgeniya Rudneva, Russian World War II heroine (b. 1920)
• 1945 - Wilhelm Canaris, German Nazi leader (b. 1887)
• 1945 - Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (b. 1906)
• 1945 - Georg Elser, failed assassin of Hitler (b. 1903)
• 1948 - George Carpenter, Australian Salvation Army general (b. 1872)
• 1948 - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (b. 1903)
• 1951 - Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist (b. 1862)
• 1959 - Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (b. 1867)
• 1961 - King Zog of Albania (b. 1895)
• 1963 - Eddie Edwards, American jazz trombonist (b. 1891)
• 1970 - Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish illustrator (b. 1896)
• 1976 - Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer, pianist (b. 1903)
• 1976 - Phil Ochs, American singer (b. 1940)
• 1978 - Clough Williams-Ellis, Welsh architect (b.1883)
• 1982 - Wilfrid Pelletier, French Canadian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1988 - Brook Benton, American singer (b. 1931)
• 1988 - David Prater, American singer (Sam & Dave) (b. 1937)
• 1991 - Martin Hannett, record producer (b. 1948)
• 1996 - Richard Condon, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1996 - James W. Rouse, American real estate developer, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1914)
• 1997 - Helene Hanff, American writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 - Mae Boren Axton, American singer and songwriter (b. 1914)
• 1998 - Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (b. 1953)
• 1999 - Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Niger politician and general (b. 1949)
• 1999 - Emiko Kado, wrestler (b. 1976)
• 2001 - Willie Stargell, American baseball player (b. 1940)
• 2002 - Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
• 2002 - Pat Flaherty, American racecar driver (b. 1926)
• 2005 - Andrea Dworkin, American feminist and writer (b. 1946)
• 2005 - Scott Mason, Australian cricketer (b. 1976)
• 2006 - Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and official (b. 1916)
• 2007 - Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and writer (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances

• Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor, celebrated as Bataan Day in Bataan) in the Philippines.

Liturgical feasts

• Desan and companions
• Saint Waltrudis

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day

• On This Day in Canada