Wikis
Arboriculture (pronounced /ˈɑrbərɨkʌltʃər/) is the cultivation and management of trees within the landscape. This includes the study of how trees grow and respond to cultural practices and the environment, as well as application of cultural techniques such as selection, planting, care, surgery and removal.
The main focus of arboriculture is amenity trees; such trees are maintained primarily for landscape purposes for the benefit of human beings. Amenity trees are usually in gardens, parks or urban settings, and arboriculture involves aspects of plant health, pest and pathogen control, risk management, and aesthetic considerations. Trees offer cultural and natural heritage benefits beyond production of wood products; for this reason, arboriculture needs to be distinguished from forestry, which is the commercial production and use of timber and other forest products from plantations and forests.
Arboriculture is the cultivation, maintenance, and management of woody stemmed perennial plants; primarily trees.
Arboriculture is the applied science of managing persistent, woody plants individually or in the context of the plants and environmental features of the immediate surround (as contrasted to forestry, for example, or orchard agriculture). A working knowledge of arboriculture involves an understanding of the biology of trees, vines and shrubs, and a skill set of how to go about achieving goals associated with their growth, health, risks, and benefits. While the focus of study is principally on the tree, a working knowledge of trees requires an introduction to the fields of study which cover the environments in which trees thrive, or fail to thrive. As well as the system of classification of species, and the evolutionary ecology of trees, their pests, and their allies. Along with a good measure of practical instruction on management methods, practices, practical concerns, and professional codes of conduct.
While it is convenient for the present to use the term "tree" when referring to the focus of the study of arboriculture, it should be pointed out early that grouping plants into the categories of tree, shrub, vine, or bush is a matter of common usage and convenience regarding the shape and size of plants. Grouping together by form plants which may be entirely unrelated. In fact, the leguminous trees such as the locust tree, the golden-chain tree, and redbud(Robinia, Laburnum, Cercis) are botanically more closely related to clover or to sweet peas than they are to pine trees, or even maples.
Arboriculture is the branch of environmental horticulture concerned with woody stemmed perennial plants, whether upright or prostrate, having a single stout trunk or a multitude of small vines, deciduous or evergreen, broad-leaved or having needles. Or even among the grasses, the bamboos; and related to lillys, Joshua trees.
The tree form is a classic example of parallel evolution, having evolved separately in unrelated plant families.
The structure of trees and the functioning of biological processes within them differs among the wide diversity of plants considered to be woody stemmed perennials. They all have in common the most basic biological functions of vascular plants.
Please refer to page 35 of the Approved Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Tree Work - Part 1: Arboriculture http://www.osh.govt.nz/order/catalogue/pdf/arborcode.pdf
* Individually wrapped triangular bandages x 2 * Individually wrapped roller bandages x 2 * Individually wrapped sterile dressings (non-adhesive) x 5 * Individually wrapped sterile eye pads with attachment x 4 * Individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings x 5 * Individually wrapped sterile wound dressings (non-medicated) (a) medium x 1 (b) large x 2 * Safety pins x 6 * Disposable gloves x 2 pairs * Card listing local emergency numbers * List of minimum contents of kit * Basic first aid notes (e.g. St John, Red Cross) * Hepatitis B/Aids notice on first aid box * Resusci-aid mask * If tap water is not available, sterile water or sterile normal saline in disposable containers, each holding at least 300mls, shall be kept near the first aid box.
NB. Where aborists work alone, a belt attached first aid kit will contain the following minimum requirements:
* Individually wrapped crepe or roller bandage x 2 * Individually wrapped large sterile wound dressings x 2
Types of injuries
ID Danger
Response
PDF for print of the New Zealand Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Tree Work - Part 1: Arboriculture
(not to use above shoulder... not on stock piled logs..)
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ARBORICULTURE (Lat. arbor, a tree), the science and art of tree-cultivation. The culture of those plants which supply the food of man or nourish the domestic animals must have exclusively occupied his attention for many ages; whilst the timber employed in houses, ships and machines, or for fuel, was found in the native woods. Hence, though the culture of fruittrees, and occasionally of ornamental trees and shrubs, was practised by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, the cultivation of timber-trees on a large scale only took place in modern times. In the days of Charlemagne, the greater part of France and Germany was covered with immense forests; and one of the benefits conferred on France by that prince was the rooting up of portions of these forests throughout the country, and substituting orchards or vineyards. Artificial plantations appear to have been formed in Germany sooner than in any other country, apparently as early as the 15th century. In Britain planting was begun, though sparingly, a century later. After the extensive transfers of property on the seizure of the church lands by Henry VIII., much timber was sold by the new owners, and the quantity thus thrown into the market so lowered its price, as Hollingshed informs us, that the builders of cottages, who had formerly employed willow and other cheap and common woods, now built them of the best oak. The demand for timber constantly increased, and the need of an extended surface of arable land arising at the same time, the natural forests became greatly circumscribed, till at last timber began to be imported, and the proprietors of land to think, first of protecting their native woods, afterwards of enclosing waste ground and allowing it to become covered with self-sown seedlings, and ultimately of sowing acorns and mast in such enclosures, or of filling them with young plants collected in the woods - a practice which exists in Sussex and other parts of England even now. Planting, however, was not general in England till the beginning of the 17th century, when the introduction of trees was facilitated by the interchange of plants by means of botanic gardens, which, in that century, were first established in different countries. Evelyn's Sylva, the first edition of which appeared in 1664, rendered an extremely important service to arboriculture; and there is no doubt that the ornamental plantations in which England surpasses all other countries are in some measure the result of his enthusiasm. In consequence of a scarcity of timber for naval purposes, and the increased expense during the Napoleonic war of obtaining foreign supplies, planting received a great stimulus in Britain in the early part of the 19th century. After the peace of 1815 the rage for planting with a view to profit subsided; but there was a growing taste for the introduction of trees and shrubs from foreign countries, and for their cultivation for ornament and use. The profusion of trees and shrubs planted around suburban villas and country mansions, as well as in town squares and public parks, shows how much arboriculture is an object of pleasure to the people. While isolated trees and old hedgerows are disappearing before steam cultivation, the advantages of shelter from wellarranged plantations are more fully appreciated; and more attention is paid to the principles of forest conservancy both at home and abroad. In all thickly peopled countries the forests have long ceased to supply the necessities of the inhabitants by natural reproduction; and it has become needful to form plantations either by government or by private enterprise, for the growth of timber, and in some cases for climatic amelioration. This subject is, however, dealt with more fully under Forests And Forestry; and the separate articles on the various sorts of tree may be consulted for details as to each.
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