| Beauty and the Beast | |
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![]() Theatrical poster by John Alvin[1] |
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| Directed by | Gary Trousdale Kirk Wise |
| Produced by | Don Hahn |
| Written by | Linda Woolverton |
| Narrated by | David Ogden Stiers |
| Starring | Robby Benson Paige O'Hara Richard White Jerry Orbach Angela Lansbury David Ogden Stiers |
| Music by | Alan Menken Howard Ashman |
| Editing by | John Carnochan |
| Studio | Walt Disney Feature Animation Silver Screen Partners IV |
| Distributed by | Walt Disney Pictures |
| Release date(s) | November 22, 1991 |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $25 million |
| Gross revenue | $377,350,553 |
| Followed by | Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas |
Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation which premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 13, 1991. The story is based on the fairy tale La Belle et la Bête by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont, who was uncredited in the English version of the film but credited in the French version as writer of the novel[2] and also uses some ideas derived from the 1946 French film[3]. It centers around a prince who is transformed into a Beast and the beautiful young woman whom he imprisons in his castle.
This is the thirtieth film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, and it is the third animated feature released during the Disney Renaissance, which began in 1989 with The Little Mermaid and ended in 1999 with Tarzan. It is the first of only two animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture (the second was 2009's Up). Many animated films following its release have been influenced by its blending of traditional animation and computer generated imagery.
The film was adapted to an animation screenplay by Linda Woolverton and directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. The music of the film was composed by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, both of whom had written the music and songs for Disney's The Little Mermaid. It was a significant success at the box-office, with more than $145 million in revenues in the United States and Canada alone and over $403 million in worldwide revenues.[4][5] This high number of sales made it the third-most successful movie of 1991, surpassed only by summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. It was also the most successful animated Disney film at the time and the first animated movie to reach $100 million at the United States and Canadian box offices.[6]
On November 11, 1997, a midquel called Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was released direct-to-video. It was quickly followed by another midquel titled Belle's Magical World that was released on February 17, 1998. A theatrical production and a television spin-off series, Sing Me a Story with Belle, were also released.
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In the film's prologue, an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman offers a young prince a rose in exchange for a night's shelter. When he turns her away, she transforms him into an ugly Beast and turns his servants into furniture and other household items. She gives him a magic mirror that will enable him to view faraway events, and also gives him the rose, which will bloom until his 21st birthday. He must love and be loved in return before all the rose's petals have fallen off, or he will remain a Beast forever.
Years later, a beautiful but unusual young woman named Belle lives in a nearby village with her father Maurice, who is an inventor. Belle loves reading and yearns for a life beyond the village. She is also the object of unwanted attention from the arrogant local hero, Gaston.
Maurice's latest invention is a wood-chopping machine. When he rides off to display the machine at a fair, he loses his way in the woods and stumbles upon the Beast's castle, where he meets the transformed servants Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and her son Chip, and Cogsworth. The Beast imprisons Maurice, but Belle is led back to the castle by Maurice's horse and offers to take her father's place. When the Beast agrees to this and sends him home, Maurice tells Gaston and the other villagers what happened, but they think he has lost his mind, so he goes to rescue her alone.
Meanwhile, Belle refuses the Beast's invitation to dinner, and the Beast orders his servants not to let her eat, but Lumiere serves her dinner anyway and Cogsworth gives her a tour of the castle. When she finds the rose in a forbidden area, the Beast angrily chases her away.
Frightened, Belle tries to escape, but she and her horse are attacked by wolves. After the Beast rescues her, she nurses his wounds, he gives her the castle library as a gift, and they become friends. Later, they have an elegant dinner and a romantic ballroom dance. When he lets her use the magic mirror, she sees her father dying in the woods and, with only hours left before the rose wilts, the Beast allows her to leave, giving her the mirror to remember him by. This horrifies the servants, who fear they will never be human again. As he watches her leave, the Beast admits to Cogsworth that he loves Belle.
Belle finds Maurice and takes him home, but Gaston arrives with a lynch mob. Unless she agrees to marry Gaston, the manager of the local madhouse will lock her father up. Belle proves Maurice sane by showing them the Beast with the magic mirror, but Gaston arouses the mob's anger against the Beast and leads them to the castle to kill him. He locks Belle and Maurice in a basement, but Chip, who hid himself in Belle's baggage, chops the basement door apart with Maurice's machine.
While the servants successfully drive the mob out of the castle, Gaston finds the Beast and attacks him. The Beast is initially too depressed to fight back, but regains his will when he sees Belle arriving at the castle. After winning a heated battle, the Beast spares Gaston's life and climbs up to a balcony where Belle is waiting. Gaston follows the Beast and stabs him from behind, but loses his footing and falls to his death.
As the Beast dies from his injuries, Belle whispers that she loves him, breaking the spell just before the last petal drops from the rose. The Beast comes back to life, and he and the servants become human again. The last scene shows Belle and the prince dancing in the ballroom as her father and the servants happily watch them.
Walt Disney sought out other stories to turn into feature films after the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Beauty and the Beast was one of the stories he considered.[7][8] Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.[7] Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his version.[9]
After the success of The Little Mermaid in the late 1980s, the Disney team made more attempts to adapt Beauty and the Beast into a film, but an initial story reel was scrapped because it "did not work".[7] Howard Ashman, Alan Menken, and Don Hahn continued with the project, with Hahn bringing in first-time animation feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale to direct the film. Ashman and Menken worked closely with the story team to create a "Broadway-style" score to help develop the plot and characters.[7] Since the original story had only two major characters in it, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience through the film, and added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.[7]. These ideas were somewhat similar to elements of the 1946 French film, which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat similar to Gaston[10] as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle[11]. The animated objects were, however, given distinct personalities in the Disney script. In addition, "Beauty and the Beast" was also written in script form, a first and, at the time, an unusual production move for an animated film. Linda Woolverton wrote the script.[7]
Producer Don Hahn mentions that the prologue of the film, which tells the story from the Beast's perspective, is different from other versions of the story. The use of stained glass windows in the prologue was done because the team wanted to have the "fairy tale classic Disney opening" without having to use a literal storybook because it had been done "so many times" in the past.[12]
A barnyard scene from the opening number of the film was actually first conceived during initial work on the unproduced feature Chanticleer.[13] Sequences were rewritten during the production of the film, even while some scenes were already being animated.[14]
The film includes intentional homages to other films such as The Sound of Music (in a scene with Belle on a hilltop), and earlier Disney animated features.[15]
In the Chinese dubs of Beauty and the Beast, the voice of the Beast is provided by Jackie Chan. He provided both the speaking and singing voices in these versions.
In September 2007, CCTV6 (a Chinese movie channel) aired a new dub version of Beauty and the Beast in which Beast's voice (by 王凯, Wang Kai) sounds younger. Together with this version, a translated version of Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson's Beauty and the Beast theme song was released, which was translated by Chan Siu Kei and sung by Nicholas Tse Ting-Fung and Mei Lin(梅琳, a newer Chinese singer).[19] But this translated theme song was only separately released before the film started and not occurred in the film, which uses another translated version of lyrics, translated by Han Wen(翰文).[20]
In the French version, the theme song is provided by Charles Aznavour. Two Spanish versions exist, one in Mexican Spanish for the Latin American market, the other in Castilian Spanish for the European market; in the Mexican version, the voice of LeFou is provided by the same actor who played the role in English, Venezuelan-American voice actor Jesse Corti.[21]
In the Swedish version, the theme song is provided by Tommy Körberg and Sofia Källgren. Körberg also provided the voice of the Beast in the movie and Källgren the voice of Belle.
According to Alan Menken, the first song that he and Howard Ashman wrote for the film was "Belle".[12] The songs were recorded "live" with the orchestra and the cast in the room, which, according to Hahn and Trousdale, gave the songs "energy".[12] The song "Be Our Guest" was originally supposed to be sung to Maurice instead of Belle, but Bruce Woodside pointed out that the song was in the wrong place because Maurice was not the focus of the story.[12] "Human Again", a song that was removed due to story problems in the original release, was re-added to the film's Special Edition VCD and DVD releases after Menken made alterations to the song for the Beauty and the Beast Broadway production.[7]
All songs were the last complete works for a movie by Academy Award winner Howard Ashman. Ashman died eight months prior to the release of the film. There is a tribute to him at the end of the film: "To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman 1950–1991". The songs "Beauty and the Beast", "Be Our Guest", "Something There", and "Gaston", "The Mob Song", and "Belle" were included in Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic box set. "Beauty and the Beast", "Be Our Guest", and "Gaston" were also included in the Disney's Greatest Hits CD set.
Beauty and the Beast has influenced the works of the symphonic metal band Nightwish. Keyboardist and composer Tuomas Holopainen cites "all the Disney classics" as among his favourite films,[22] and the song "Beauty and the Beast" from their debut album Angels Fall First is a reinterpretation of the movie's plot.
The film was shown at the New York Film Festival in September 1991. Because the animation was only about 70% complete, the film was shown as a "work in progress." Storyboards and pencil tests were used in place of the remaining 30%. In addition, parts of the film that were finished were "stepped back" to previous versions of completion. This version of the film has been released on VHS, the September 1993 LaserDisc, and the October 8, 2002, Platinum Edition DVD.
Upon the theatrical release of the finished version, the film was universally praised, with Roger Ebert giving it four stars out of four and saying that "Beauty and the Beast reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too." As of August 2008, the film had received a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes[23] The visual effects have also been praised as "stunning early use of computer animation", referring to the spectacular ballroom sequence in which Belle and the Beast dance around a 3-D ballroom. (The filmmakers had originally decided against the use of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology had improved, they decided they could use it for that one scene.)[9] The sequence helped convince studio executives to look further into computer animation.[24]
Smoodin writes in his book Animating Culture that the studio was trying to make up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.[25] Smoodin also states that, in the way it has been viewed as bringing together traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film’s "greatness could be proved in terms technology narrative or even politics".[26] Another author writes that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them," but says that the film comes closer than other “Disney-studio” films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".[27] David Whitley writes in The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation that Belle is different from earlier Disney heroines in that she is mostly free from the burdens of domestic housework, although her role is somewhat undefined in the same way that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother".[28] Whitley also notes other themes and modern influences, such as the film's critical view of Gaston’s chauvinism and attitude towards nature, the cyborg-like servants, and the father’s role as an inventor rather than a merchant.[28]
Betsy Hearne, editor of The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, writes that the film belittles the original story's moral about "inner beauty", as well as the heroine herself, in favor of a more brutish struggle; "In fact," she says, "it is not Beauty's lack of love that almost kills Disney's beast, but a rival's dagger."[29]
Stefan Kanfer writes in his book Serious Business that in this film "the tradition of the musical theater was fully co-opted", such as in the casting of Broadway performers Angela Lansbury and Jerry Orbach.[30]
The film was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[31]
In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In January of the same year, the film was restored and remastered for its January 1, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres in a special edition edit including a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation was cleaned up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high resolution IMAX film negative. A 3D version of the film was scheduled to be re-released in theatres on February 12, 2010 in the Disney Digital 3-D format, but the project has been postponed until 2011 to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the movie's release, allowing Disney to promote the film and create an event around its release.[32][33] The film is currently scheduled for a Fall 2010 release on Diamond Edition Blu-Ray and DVD.
The film was released to VHS and Laserdisc on October 30, 1992, as part of the Walt Disney Classics series, but it was for a limited-time only for it was dropped in print after it was put on moratorium. Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film is called, was released on a 2-Disc Platinum Edition Disney DVD on October 8, 2002. The Special Edition DVD features the IMAX version, which includes the deleted song "Human Again", the original theatrical version, and the workprint version which was shown at the 1991 New York Film Festival. This 2-Disc Platinum Edition DVD went to the Disney Vault on January 2003 along with its follow-ups (Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World). Disney has recently announced that a home video re-release is planned for Fall 2010 which will bring the film again to DVD and, for the first time, on Blu-Ray as part of the new "Diamond Edition" line.[34]
For the VHS and laserdisc releases, the frames that showed skulls in Gaston's eyes as he fell from the Beast's castle were modified to remove the skulls. However, no such alteration was made for the 2002 DVD release.[12]
On Monday, April 18, 1994, a stage adaptation, also titled "Beauty and the Beast", premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City. The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999. The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world. The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumiere, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many celebrities also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen year run including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumiere; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston. The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,464 performances.
Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "Beauty and the Beast" won two Academy Awards, for Best Music, Original Score and Best Music, Song. Angela Lansbury sings it in the film's famous ballroom scene, and Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson reprise it at the end of the film. Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", were also nominated for Best Music, Song. This makes Beauty and the Beast the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King, Dreamgirls, and Enchanted. Academy rules have since been changed to limit each film to two nominations in this category.
The film was also nominated for Best Sound and Best Picture. It was the first and only animated film to be nominated for Best Picture, until 2010 with the nomination of Disney·Pixar's Up, owing in part to the widening of the Best Picture field to ten nominees. It lost to The Silence of the Lambs. Beauty and the Beast currently shares the record for the most nominations for an animated film, six, with WALL-E (2008).
| Award | Recipient | |
|---|---|---|
| Best Music, Original Score | Alan Menken | |
| Best Music, Original Song ("Beauty and the Beast") | Alan Menken & Howard Ashman | |
| Nominated: | ||
| Best Picture | Don Hahn | |
| Best Music, Original Song ("Belle") | Alan Menken & Howard Ashman | |
| Best Music, Original Song ("Be Our Guest") | Alan Menken & Howard Ashman | |
| Best Sound | Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson & Doc Kane | |
Beauty and the Beast was the first animated film to win a Golden Globe for Best Picture - Musical or Comedy. This feat was repeated by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.
| Award | Result |
|---|---|
| Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy | Won |
| Best Original Score | Won |
| Best Original Song (For "Beauty and the Beast") | Won |
| Best Original Song (For "Be Our Guest") | Nominated |
| Award | Result |
|---|---|
| Best Album for Children | Won |
| Best Pop Performance by a Group or Duo With Vocal (For "Beauty and the Beast") | Won |
| Song of the Year (For "Beauty and the Beast") | Nominated |
| Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Won |
| Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television (For "Beauty and the Beast") | Won |
| Record of the Year (For "Beauty and the Beast") | Nominated |
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres based on polls of over 1,500 people from the creative community. Beauty and the Beast was acknowledged as the 7th best film in the animation genre.[35][36] In previous lists, it ranked #22 on the Institutes's list of best musicals and #34 on its list of the best romantic American movies. On the list of the greatest songs from American movies, Beauty and the Beast ranked #62.
| Award | Result |
|---|---|
| ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Most Performed Songs in a Motion Picture | Won |
| Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best DVD Classic Film Release | Won |
| Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best Music | Won |
| Annie Awards: Best Animated Feature | Won |
| BAFTA Awards: Best Original Film Score | Nominated |
| BAFTA Awards: Best Special Effects | Nominated |
| BMI Film and TV Awards: BMI Film Music Award | Won |
| DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Overall New Extra Features, Library Release | Won |
| DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Menu Design | Nominated |
| Hugo Awards: Best Dramatic Presentation | Nominated |
| Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards: Best Animated Feature | Won |
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards: Best Animation | Won |
| Motion Picture Sound Editors: Best Sound Editing, Animated Feature | Won |
| National Board of Review: Special Award for Animation | Won |
| Satellite Awards: Best Youth DVD | Nominated |
| Young Artist Awards: Outstanding Family Entertainment of the Year | Won |
There are Disney versions of the story published and sold as storybooks and a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics. In 1995, a live-action children's series called Sing Me a Story with Belle started on syndication, running until 1999.
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Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 film about a young and beautiful French girl who falls in love with a hideous beast.
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