William Thomas Tutte, OC, FRS, (May 14, 1917 – May 2, 2002) was a British, later Canadian, codebreaker and mathematician. During World War II he broke a major German code system, which had a significant impact on the Allied invasion of Europe. He also had a number of significant mathematical accomplishments, including foundation work in the fields of combinatorics and graph theory.
Tutte was born in Newmarket in Suffolk, the son of a gardener. At age 18 he studied chemistry at Trinity College, Cambridge University. As a student he (along with three of his friends) became the first to solve the problem of squaring the square.
On the outbreak of World War II, his tutor suggested he join the Government Code and Cipher School, which he did in May 1941. Tutte worked at Bletchley Park as a codebreaker, and deduced the structure of the German Lorenz SZ 40/42 encryption machine (codenamed Tunny), intended for high-level German Army communications, using only a number of intercepted encrypted messages, an achievement described as "one of the greatest intellectual feats of World War II" . Using his breakthrough, the British constructed an entire organization (including the famed Colossus computer) to read the messages sent in this system.
In 1948, Tutte received a doctorate in mathematics from Cambridge under the supervision of Shaun Wylie, who had also worked at Bletchley Park on Tunny. From 1948-1962 he taught mathematics at the University of Toronto. A majority of his later work was done at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Canada, which he joined in 1962, and where he stayed until 1985. Tutte was instrumental in helping to found the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo.
His mathematical career concentrated on combinatorics, especially graph theory, which he is credited as having helped create in its modern form, and matroid theory, to which he made profound contributions; one colleague described him as "the leading mathematician in combinatorics for three decades". He was editor in chief of The Journal of Combinatorial Theory when it was started, and served on the editorial boards of several other mathematical research journals.
His work in graph theory includes the structure of cycle and cut spaces, size of maximum matchings and existence of k-factors in graphs, and Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian graphs. He disproved Tait's conjecture using the construction known as Tutte's fragment. The eventual proof of the four color theorem made use of his earlier work. The graph polynomial he called the "dichromate" has become famous and influential under the name Tutte polynomial and serves as the prototype of combinatorial invariants that are universal for all invariants that satisfy a specified reduction law.
In matroid theory he discovered the highly sophisticated homotopy theorem as well as founding the studies of chain groups and regular matroids, about which he proved deep results.
He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2001 he was inducted as an Officer of the Order of Canada and won the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize.
William Thomas Tutte, OC, FRS, (May 14, 1917 – May 2, 2002) was a British, later Canadian, codebreaker and mathematician. During World War II he broke a major German code system, which had a significant impact on the Allied invasion of Europe. He also had a number of significant mathematical accomplishments, including foundation work in the fields of combinatorics and graph theory.
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Tutte was born in Newmarket in Suffolk, the son of a gardener. At age 18 he studied chemistry at Trinity College, Cambridge University. As a student he (along with three of his friends) became the first to solve the problem of squaring the square.
On the outbreak of World War II, his tutor suggested he join the Government Code and Cipher School, which he did in May 1941. Tutte worked at Bletchley Park as a codebreaker, and deduced the structure of the German Lorenz SZ 40/42 encryption machine (codenamed Tunny), intended for high-level German Army communications, using only a number of intercepted encrypted messages, an achievement described as "one of the greatest intellectual feats of World War II" . Using his breakthrough, the British constructed an entire organization (including the famed Colossus computer) to read the messages sent in this system.
Tutte completed a doctorate in mathematics from Cambridge in 1948 under the supervision of Shaun Wylie, who had also worked at Bletchley Park on Tunny. The same year, invited by Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, he accepted a position at the University of Toronto. In 1962, he moved to the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario where he stayed for the rest of his academic career. He officially retired in 1985 but remained active as an emeritus professor. Tutte was instrumental in helping to found the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo.
His mathematical career concentrated on combinatorics, especially graph theory, which he is credited as having helped create in its modern form, and matroid theory, to which he made profound contributions; one colleague described him as "the leading mathematician in combinatorics for three decades". He was editor in chief of The Journal of Combinatorial Theory when it was started, and served on the editorial boards of several other mathematical research journals.
His work in graph theory includes the structure of cycle and cut spaces, size of maximum matchings and existence of k-factors in graphs, and Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian graphs. He disproved Tait's conjecture using the construction known as Tutte's fragment. The eventual proof of the four color theorem made use of his earlier work. The graph polynomial he called the "dichromate" has become famous and influential under the name Tutte polynomial and serves as the prototype of combinatorial invariants that are universal for all invariants that satisfy a specified reduction law.
In matroid theory he discovered the highly sophisticated homotopy theorem as well as founding the studies of chain groups and regular matroids, about which he proved deep results.
He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2001 he was inducted as an Officer of the Order of Canada and won the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize.
Redirecting to W. T. Tutte
   | Guarsian newspaper obituary of W. T. Tutte - Obituary: William Tutte | Education | The Guardian |
| | Independent newspaper obituary of W. T. Tutte - The Independent | Obituaries | Latest Obituary |
| | Tutte's paper on the FISH cipher - Frode Weierud's CryptoCellar | William T. Tutte |
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