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This article is about the city in England. For the U.S. city named after it, see Birmingham, Alabama. For other uses, see Birmingham (disambiguation).
Birmingham
—  City and Metropolitan borough  —
Birmingham's skyline with Holloway Circus Tower, The Rotunda and Selfridges Building visible.

Coat of Arms of the City Council
Nickname(s): "Brum", "Brummagem", "Second City", "City of a thousand trades", "Workshop of the World"
Motto: Forward
Birmingham shown within England and the West Midlands
Coordinates: 52°28′59″N 1°53′37″W / 52.48306°N 1.89361°W / 52.48306; -1.89361
Sovereign state United Kingdom United Kingdom
Constituent country England England
Region West Midlands
Ceremonial county West Midlands
Admin HQ Birmingham City Centre
Founded 7th century
Municipal borough 1838
City 1889
Government
 - Type Metropolitan borough
 - Governing body Birmingham City Council
 - Lord Mayor Michael Wilkes
 - Deputy Lord Mayor Chauhdry Abdul Rashid
 - Council Leader Mike Whitby (C)
 - Council Control Conservative / Liberal Democrat Progressive Partnership
Area
 - Total 267.77 km2 (103.4 sq mi)
Elevation 140 m (459 ft)
Population (2008 est.)
 - Total 1,016,800 (Ranked 1st)
 - Density 3,739/km2 (9,684/sq mi)
 - Conurbation 2,284,093
 - Ethnicity
(2007 estimates[1])		 66.7% White (62.1% White British)
21.0% South Asian
6.7% Black
3.2% Mixed Race
1.2% Chinese
1.2% Other
Time zone Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
 - Summer (DST) British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Postcode B
Area code(s) 0121
ISO 3166 code GB-BIR
Website www.birmingham.gov.uk
Birmingham (pronounced /ˈbɝːmɪŋəm/ ( listen), BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɝːmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England. It is the most populous British city outside London with a population of 1,016,800 (2008 estimate),[2] and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the United Kingdom's second most populous Urban Area with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census).[3] Birmingham's metropolitan area, which includes surrounding towns to which it is closely tied through commuting, is the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.[4]
Birmingham was the powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution in England, a fact which led to it being known as "the workshop of the world" or the "city of a thousand trades".[5] Although Birmingham's industrial importance has declined, it has developed into a national commercial centre, being named as the second-best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business.[6] Birmingham is a national hub for conferences, retail and events along with an established high tech, research and development sector, supported by its three Universities. It is also the fourth-most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK,[7] has the second-largest city economy in the UK[8] and is often referred to as the Second City.
In 2007, Birmingham was ranked as the 55th-most livable city in the world, according to the Mercer Index of worldwide standards of living.[9] The Big City Plan is a large redevelopment plan currently underway in the city centre with the aim of making Birmingham one of the top 20 most liveable cities in the world within 20 years.[10] People from Birmingham are known as 'Brummies', a term derived from the city's nickname of 'Brum'. This comes in turn from the city's dialect name, Brummagem,[11] which may have been derived from one of the city's earlier names, 'Bromwicham'. There is a distinctive Brummie dialect and accent, both of which differ from the adjacent Black Country.

Contents

History

Main articles: History of Birmingham, Economic history of Birmingham, and Timeline of Birmingham history
.William Westley's 1731 map of Birmingham.^ Lamb William D Dr Vet - Map 739 Montclair Rd, Birmingham, AL 35213 .

 The top of the map is oriented westwards.
Some of the earliest evidence of settlement in Birmingham are artefacts dating back 10,400 years discovered near Curzon Street in the city centre.[12]
In the early 7th century [13], Birmingham was an Anglo-Saxon farming hamlet on the banks of the River Rea.[14] It is commonly believed that the name 'Birmingham' comes from "Beorma inga ham", meaning farmstead of the sons (or descendants) of Beorma.[14] Birmingham was first recorded in written documents by the Domesday Book of 1086 as a small village, worth only 20 shillings.[14] There were many variations on this name. Bermingeham is another version.
In 1166 the holder of the manor of Birmingham, Peter de Birmingham, was granted a royal charter to hold a market in his castle,[12][15] which in time became known as the Bull Ring, transforming Birmingham from a village to a market town. The de Birmingham family continued to be Lords of Birmingham until the 1530s when Edward de Birmingham was cheated out of its lordship by the traitor John Dudley.[16]
As early as the 16th century, Birmingham's access to supplies of iron ore and coal meant that metalworking industries became established.[17]
By the time of the English Civil War in the 17th century, Birmingham had become an important manufacturing town with a reputation for producing small arms. Arms manufacture in Birmingham became a staple trade and was concentrated in the area known as the Gun Quarter. During the Industrial Revolution (from the mid-18th century onwards), Birmingham grew rapidly into a major industrial centre and the town prospered. Birmingham’s population grew from 15,000 in the late 17th century to 70,000 a century later.[18] During the 18th century, Birmingham was home to the Lunar Society, an important gathering of local thinkers and industrialists.[19]
Thomas Attwood addressing the Birmingham Political Union during the Days of May, 1832
Birmingham rose to national political prominence in the campaign for political reform in the early nineteenth century, with Thomas Attwood's Birmingham Political Union bringing the country to the brink of civil war and back during the Days of May that preceded the passing of the Great Reform Act in 1832.[20] The Union's meetings on Newhall Hill in 1831 and 1832 were the largest political assemblies Britain had ever seen.[21] Lord Durham, who drafted the act, wrote that "the country owed Reform to Birmingham, and its salvation from revolution".[22]
By the 1820s, an extensive canal system had been constructed, giving greater access to natural resources to fuel to industries. Railways arrived in Birmingham in 1837 with the arrival of the Grand Junction Railway, and a year later, the London and Birmingham Railway. During the Victorian era, the population of Birmingham grew rapidly to well over half a million[23] and Birmingham became the second largest population centre in England. Birmingham was granted city status in 1889 by Queen Victoria.[24] The city established its own university in 1900.[25]
Birmingham in 1886
Birmingham suffered heavy bomb damage during World War II's "Birmingham Blitz", and the city was extensively redeveloped during the 1950s and 1960s.[26] This included the construction of large tower block estates, such as Castle Vale. The Bull Ring reconstructed and New Street station was redeveloped. .In recent years, Birmingham has been transformed, with the construction of new squares like Centenary Square and Millennium Place.^ Centenary Square is the focal point of Birmingham's New Year's Eve celebrations, which involve a huge firework display every year.
  • Schmap Birmingham Guide 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Guest rating: 4 / 5 0.07 mile to Centenary Square Birmingham Hotel:The Copthorne Hotel is adjacent to the International Convention Centre and within one mile of the city centre.
  • Birmingham hotels. Find & compare hotels in Birmingham. Book and Save with Hotels.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Nov 13, 2009 “ NEED NEW HOUSEKEEPING ” Sep 4, 2009 Hyatt Place Birmingham / Inverness Hotel photos .
  • Birmingham Hotels: Read Birmingham Hotel Reviews and Compare Prices - TripAdvisor 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 Old streets, buildings and canals have been restored, the pedestrian subways have been removed, and the Bull Ring shopping centre[27] has been completely redeveloped. These were the first steps in the ambitious plans of Birmingham City Council for the redevelopment of Birmingham, which has become known as the Big City Plan.[28].
In the decades following the Second World War, the ethnic makeup of Birmingham changed significantly, as it received waves of immigration from the Commonwealth of Nations and beyond.[29] The city's population peaked in 1951 at 1,113,000 residents.[23]

Governance

Main article: Government of Birmingham
The Council House, home of Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the largest local authority in the UK and the largest council in Europe[30] with 120 councillors representing 40 wards.[31] Its headquarters are at the Council House in Victoria Square. No single party is in overall control and the council is run by a Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition.
The city is also the seat of regional government for the West Midlands region of England as the home of the region's Government Office,[32] the regional development agency Advantage West Midlands,[33] and the West Midlands Regional Assembly.[34]
.Birmingham was originally part of Warwickshire, but expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, absorbing parts of Worcestershire to the south and Staffordshire to the north and west.^ Downtown There are many beautiful examples of early 20th-century architecture remaining from Birmingham's heyday.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 ^ When James Watt and Mathew Bolton perfected the design of the steam engine, in the late 18th century, Birmingham's proximity to the coal and iron deposits in north Warwickshire, quickly enabled it to become the principal centre of commerce and industry.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Visit the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, to discover the skill of the jeweller's craft and take a tour of an original factory, preserved as it was at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 The city absorbed Sutton Coldfield in 1974 and became a metropolitan borough in the new West Midlands county. Up until 1986, the West Midlands County Council was based in Birmingham City Centre.
Law enforcement in Birmingham is carried out by West Midlands Police, fire and rescue by West Midlands Fire Service and emergency medical care by West Midlands Ambulance Service.

Geography

Birmingham is located in the centre of the West Midlands region of England on the Birmingham Plateau – an area of relatively high ground, ranging around 500 to 1,000 feet (150–300 m) above sea level and crossed by Britain's main north-south watershed between the basins of the Rivers Severn and Trent. To the south and west of the city lie the Lickey Hills,[36] Clent Hills and Walton Hill, which reach 1,033 feet (315 m) and have extensive views over the city.
The City of Birmingham forms a conurbation with the largely residential borough of Solihull to the south east, and with the city of Wolverhampton and the industrial towns of the Black Country to the north west. Together these make up the West Midlands Urban Area, which covers 59,972 ha (600 km2; 232 sq mi) and has a population of 2,284,093 (2001 Census).[3]
Much of the area now occupied by the city was originally a northern reach of the ancient Forest of Arden, whose former presence can still be felt in the city's dense oak tree-cover and in the large number of districts such as Moseley, Saltley, Yardley, Stirchley and Hockley with names ending in "-ley": the Old English -lēah meaning "woodland clearing".[37]
View across the city from the Lickey Hills, with Longbridge in the foreground.

Geology

Geologically, Birmingham is dominated by the Birmingham Fault which runs diagonally through the city from the Lickey Hills in the south west, passing through Edgbaston, the Bull Ring to Erdington and Sutton Coldfield in the north east.[38] To the south and east of the fault the ground is largely softer Keuper Marl, interspersed with beds of Bunter pebbles and crossed by the valleys of the Rivers Tame, Rea and Cole along with their tributaries.[39] Much of this would have been laid down during the Permian and Triassic eras.[38] To the north and west of the fault, varying from 150 to 600 feet (45–180 m) higher than the surrounding area and underlying much of the city centre, lies a long ridge of harder Keuper Sandstone.[40][41]

Climate

The climate in Birmingham is classified as a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with average maximum temperatures in summer (July) being around 20 °C (68 °F); and in winter (January) is around 4.5 °C (40.1 °F). Extreme weather is rare but the city has been known to experience tornados – the most recent being in July 2005 in the south of the city, damaging homes and businesses in the area.[42]
Occasional summer heatwaves, such as the one experienced in July 2006 have become more common in recent years, and winters have become milder since the 1990s with snow becoming much less frequent. Similar to most other large cities, Birmingham has a considerable 'urban heat island' effect.[43] During the coldest night recorded in Birmingham (14 January 1982), for example, the temperature fell to −20.8 °C (−5 °F) at Birmingham International Airport on the city's eastern edge, but just −12.9 °C (9 °F) at Edgbaston, near the city centre.[44] .Relative to other large UK conurbations, Birmingham is a snowy city, due to its inland location and comparatively high elevation.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ Traditionally an industrial city, Birmingham has developed into a high-profile business location partly due to its excellent access to and from the rest of the United Kingdom.
  • Birmingham, England Hotels and Birmingham, England City Guide - Hotel Reservations, Restaurants, Maps, Weather and Transport Information 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldexecutive.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Ramada Hotel City Centre Birmingham 160 Wharfside Street, The Mailbox 2.5 mi The Ramada Hotel City Centre Birmingham is located in the middle of the Mailbox, an entertainment district in the heart of Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Hotels: 145 Cheap Birmingham Accommodation Deals 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotelscombined.com [Source type: News]

 [44] Snow showers often pass through the city via the Cheshire gap on North Westerly airstreams, but can also come off the North Sea from North Easterly airstreams.[44]
Climate data for Birmingham
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Record high °C (°F) 13
(55)		 16
(61)		 21
(70)		 24
(75)		 29
(84)		 31
(88)		 32
(90)		 33
(91)		 27
(81)		 25
(77)		 19
(66)		 14
(57)
Average high °C (°F) 6.0
(43)		 6.2
(43)		 8.9
(48)		 11.9
(53)		 15.3
(60)		 19.3
(67)		 21.2
(70)		 20.8
(69)		 17.8
(64)		 13.8
(57)		 9.2
(49)		 7.1
(45)
Average low °C (°F) 0.3
(33)		 0.1
(32)		 1.5
(35)		 3.3
(38)		 6.0
(43)		 9.8
(50)		 11.5
(53)		 11.0
(52)		 8.8
(48)		 6.2
(43)		 2.9
(37)		 1.3
(34)
Record low °C (°F) -12
(10)		 -9
(16)		 -7
(19)		 -2
(28)		 -1
(30)		 3
(37)		 6
(43)		 6
(43)		 3
(37)		 -2
(28)		 -4
(25)		 -6
(21)
Precipitation mm (inches) 56
(2.2)		 48
(1.89)		 52
(2.05)		 48
(1.89)		 55
(2.17)		 57
(2.24)		 47
(1.85)		 67
(2.64)		 54
(2.13)		 53
(2.09)		 59
(2.32)		 66
(2.6)
Source: United Nations World Meteorological Organization[45] 26 August 2007

Nearby places

Demography

Religion Percentage of
population
Buddhist 0.3%
Christian 52%
Hindu 2%
Jewish 0.2%
Muslim 19.4%
Sikh 2.9%
No religion 12.4%
No answer 8.4%
Main article: Demography of Birmingham
.Birmingham is an ethnically and culturally diverse city.^ Birmingham is a burgeoning city, offering a world-class cultural scene, extensive shopping, famous nightlife and a seemingly endless supply of international events and exhibitions.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 In 2007 the ONS estimated that 66.7% of the population was White (including 2.4% Irish & 2.2% Other White), 21% Asian, 6.7% or Black, 1.2% Chinese, 3.2% of mixed race and 1.2% of other ethnic heritage.[46] 57% of primary and 52% of secondary pupils are from non-white British families.[47] 16.5% of the population was born outside the United Kingdom.
Canalside apartments in Birmingham City Centre
The population density is 9,451 inhabitants per square mile (3,649/km²) compared to the 976.9 inhabitants per square mile (377.2/km²) for England. Females represented 51.6% of the population whilst men represented 48.4%. More women were 70 or over.[48] 60.4% of the population was aged between 16 and 74, compared to 66.7% in England as a whole.[49]
.60.3% of households were found to be owner occupied and 27.7% were rented from either the city council, housing association or other registered social landlord.^ The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House, and Sarehole Mill, a popular attraction for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Music and the eMusic logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks in the USA or other countries.
  • Britten on Film mp3s, Britten on Film music downloads, Britten on Film songs from eMusic.com 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC www.emusic.com [Source type: General]

 The remaining 11.8% of households were rented privately or lived rent free.[49]
The Bimingham Larger Urban Zone, a Eurostat measure of the functional city-region approximated to local government districts, has a population of 2,357,100 in 2004.[50] In addition to Birmingham itself, the LUZ includes the Metropolitan Boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull and Walsall, along with the districts of Lichfield, Tamworth, North Warwickshire and Bromsgrove.[51]

Places of interest

See also: Places of interest in Birmingham[52]
Barber Institute of Fine Arts
The Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is the main art gallery and museum in Birmingham. It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones. The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House, and Sarehole Mill, a popular attraction for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien. Thinktank in the Eastside is one of the newest museums in the city, replacing the former Science & Industry Museum in Newhall Street. The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last surviving court of back-to-back houses in the city.[53]
The BCN Main Line canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations at Brindleyplace
The Barber Institute of Fine Arts is both an art gallery and concert hall. .It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.^ It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [54] Cadbury World is a museum showing visitors the stages and steps of chocolate production and the history of chocolate and the company.
There are over 8,000 acres (3,237 ha) of parkland open spaces in Birmingham.[55] The largest of the parks is Sutton Park covering 2,400 acres (971 ha) making it the largest urban nature reserve in Europe.[56] Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre. The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre. Woodgate Valley Country Park is in Bartley Green and Quinton.
The city centre consists of numerous public squares including Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square. The historic Old Square is located on Corporation Street. .Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham, being located within the Bullring Shopping Centre.^ Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham, being located within the Bullring Shopping Centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although Birmingham's industrial importance has declined, it has developed into a national commercial centre, being named as the third best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business, and the 21st best in Europe by Cushman & Wakefield in 2007.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The apartments are in the heart of Birminghams vibrant city centre, situated between Brindley Place and the Mailbox and a short stroll from Birminghams financial district and the famous Bullring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Brindleyplace also consists of three squares and the National Sea Life Centre.

Places of worship

St. Philip's Cathedral
Main article: Religion in Birmingham
Birmingham's diverse population uses a wide variety of religious buildings in the city. St Philip's was upgraded from church to cathedral status in 1905. There are two other cathedrals, St Chad's, seat of the Roman Catholic Province of Birmingham, and the Greek Orthodox Dormition of the Mother of God and St Andrew. The original parish church of Birmingham, St Martin in the Bull Ring, is Grade II* listed.
The oldest surviving synagogue in Birmingham is the 1825 Greek Revival Severn Street Synagogue, now a Freemason's Lodge hall. It was replaced in 1856 by the Grade II* listed Singers Hill Synagogue. Birmingham Central Mosque, one of the largest in Europe, was constructed in the 1960s.[57] However, during the late 1990s a mosque in the Sparkbrook area was re-developed in partnership with the City Council, to supersede the Central Mosque as the largest in the city.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Birmingham
Colmore Row in Birmingham's Business District.
Although Birmingham grew to prominence as a manufacturing and engineering centre, its economy today is dominated by the service sector, which in 2003 accounted for 78% of the city's economic output and 97% of its economic growth.[58]
Two of Britain's largest banks were founded in Birmingham – Lloyds Bank (now Lloyds Banking Group) in 1765[59] and the Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank plc) in 1836[60] – and as of 2007 the city employed 108,300 in banking, finance and insurance.[61] In 2009, Cushman & Wakefield stated that Birmingham was the second best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business, and the 14th best in Europe.[6]
Tourism is also an increasingly important part of the local economy. With major facilities such as the International Convention Centre and National Exhibition Centre the Birmingham area accounts for 42% of the UK conference and exhibition trade.[62] The city's sporting and cultural venues attract large numbers of visitors.
The city's three Universities, (Aston University, University of Birmingham and Birmingham City University) and two University colleges have over 65,000 students and employ around 15,000 staff, making a significant contribution to the city's economy as well as its research and innovation base.
The Jaguar XF, made by Jaguar Cars at Castle Bromwich Assembly
With an annual turnover of £2.2bn, Birmingham city centre is the UK's second largest retail centre,[63] with the country's busiest shopping centre – the Bullring[64] – and the largest department store outside London – House of Fraser on Corporation Street.[65] The City also has one of only four Selfridges department stores, and the second largest branch of Debenhams in the country.[64] In 2004 the city was ranked as the third best place to shop in the United Kingdom, behind the West End of London and Glasgow, being described as a "world-class shopping centre".[66]
Despite the decline of manufacturing in the city several significant industrial plants remain, including Jaguar Cars in Castle Bromwich and Cadbury Trebor Bassett in Bournville.
Although the city has seen economic growth greater than the national average in the 21st century[67] the benefits have been uneven, with commuters from the surrounding area obtaining many of the more skilled jobs. The two parliamentary constituencies with the highest unemployment rates in the UK – Ladywood and Sparkbrook and Small Heath – are both in inner-city Birmingham.[68] Growth has also added to stresses on the city's transport. Many major roads and the central New Street railway station operate over capacity at peak times.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Birmingham
Birmingham International Airport
Partly because of its inland central location, Birmingham is a major transport hub on the motorway, rail, and canal networks.[69] The city is served by a number of major motorways and probably the best known motorway junction in the UK: Spaghetti Junction.[70]
The National Express UK headquarters are located on Birmingham's Eastside, alongside the newly developed Birmingham Coach Station, which forms the national hub of the company's coach network.
The nearest airport is Birmingham International Airport, located in the Borough of Solihull to the east of the city. As of 2008, the airport is the sixth busiest by passenger traffic in the United Kingdom.
Birmingham-built Pendolino at New Street railway station
Local public transport is by bus, local train and tram. The number 11A and 11C ('A' denotes anti-clockwise and 'C' denotes clockwise in relation to the journey's direction around the city) outer circle bus routes are the longest urban bus routes in Europe, being 26 miles (42 km) long[71] with 272 bus stops.[72] Bus routes are mainly operated by National Express West Midlands, which accounts for over 80% of all bus journeys in Birmingham, however, there are around 50 other, smaller registered bus companies.[73] The extensive bus network allows passengers to travel to and from various districts of the city, while there are longer bus routes which take passengers to areas further afield such as Wolverhampton, Dudley, Walsall, West Bromwich, Halesowen, Stourbridge and the Merry Hill Shopping Centre. The only towns in the West Midlands conurbation that currently lack a direct public transport link with Birmingham are Sedgley, Kingswinford, Wednesfield and Willenhall.
The city's main railway station, Birmingham New Street, is at the centre of the national railway network. Birmingham Snow Hill station, another major railway station in the city centre, is also a terminus for the Midland Metro which operates between the station and Wolverhampton, also serving the nearby towns of Bilston, Wednesbury and West Bromwich.[74] .There are plans to extend the Midland Metro route further into Birmingham city centre.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideally located for the business, shopping and entertainment that Birminghams vibrant city centre has to offer, the hotel provides the perfect location from which to explore the city.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [75] Birmingham has a large rail-based park and ride network that feeds the city centre. see Birmingham Rail Stations
Birmingham is also notable for its expansive canal system, and the city is often noted for having more miles of canal than Venice. The canals fed the industry in the city during the Industrial Revolution. Canalside regeneration schemes such as Brindleyplace have turned the canals into tourist attractions.

Education

Main article: Education in Birmingham
University of Birmingham
The city council is England's largest local education authority, directly or indirectly responsible for 25 nursery schools, 328 primary schools, 77 secondary schools[76] and 29 special schools.[77] It also runs the library service, with 4 million visitors annually,[78] and provides around 3,500 adult education courses throughout the year.[79] The main library is Central Library and there are 41 local libraries in Birmingham, plus a regular mobile library service.[80]
Most of Birmingham's state schools are community schools run directly by Birmingham City Council in its role as local education authority (LEA). However, there are a large number of voluntary aided schools within the state system. King Edward's School is perhaps the most prestigious independent school in the city. The seven schools of The King Edward VI Foundation are known nationally for setting very high academic standards and all the schools consistently achieve top positions in national league tables.[81]
Birmingham Central Library
Birmingham is home to three universities: the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City University; and two university colleges: Newman University College[82] and University College Birmingham.[83] The Birmingham Conservatoire and Birmingham School of Acting, both now part of Birmingham City University, offer higher education in specific arts subjects. The range of Universities and colleges means that there are over 65,000 higher education students in Birmingham, making it the UK's second largest student city to London. The Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower is a campanile located in Chancellor's court at the University of Birmingham. It is the tallest free-standing clock tower in the world.
Sutton Coldfield College merged with North Birmingham College in 2003 and Josiah Mason College in 2006 to form one of the largest further education colleges in the country.[84] In 2009, it merged with Matthew Boulton College (which had an Eastside branch opened in 2005) to form Birmingham Metropolitan College. Joseph Chamberlain College is the only sixth form college in Birmingham and Solihull to have been awarded both Beacon Status and an overall OFSTED grade 1 (Outstanding).[85]
Since the 1970s, most secondary schools in Birmingham have been 11-16/18 comprehensive schools, while post GCSE students have the choice of continuing their education in either a school's sixth form or at a further education college. Birmingham has always operated a primary school system of 5-7 infant and 7-11 junior schools.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Birmingham
Aston Villa vs. Birmingham City in the Second City Derby at Villa Park.
Birmingham has played an important part in the history of sport. The Football League – one of the world's first league football competition – was founded by Birmingham resident and Aston Villa director William McGregor, who wrote to fellow club directors in 1888 proposing "that ten or twelve of the most prominent clubs in England combine to arrange home-and-away fixtures each season".[86] The modern game of tennis was developed between 1859 and 1865 by Harry Gem and his friend Augurio Perera at Perera's house in Edgbaston,[87] with the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society remaining the oldest tennis club in the world.[88] The Birmingham and District Cricket League is the oldest cricket league in the world,[89] and Birmingham was the host for the first ever Cricket World Cup, a Women's Cricket World Cup in 1973.[90] Birmingham was the first city to be named National City of Sport by the Sports Council.[91]
Test cricket at Edgbaston Cricket Ground.
Today the city is home of two of the country's oldest professional football teams: Aston Villa, who were founded in 1874 and play at Villa Park; and Birmingham City, who were founded in 1875 and play at St Andrew's. Rivalry between the clubs is fierce and the fixture between the two is called the Second City derby.[92] Aston Villa have won the fixture 50 times as opposed to Birmingham City's 38 wins. Both teams have won trophies, with Villa having been League champions on seven occasions and European Champions in 1982.
Six times County Championship winners Warwickshire County Cricket Club play at Edgbaston Cricket Ground, which also hosts test cricket and one day internationals. The venue was the scene of the highest ever score by a batsman in first-class cricket, when Brian Lara scored 501 not out for Warwickshire in 1994.[93]
The National Indoor Arena
International track and field meetings take place at Alexander Stadium, the home of Birchfield Harriers which has many international athletes amongst its members. The GMAC Gymnastics and Martial Arts Centre, alongside Alexander Stadium, opened in 2008 and houses an international standard gymnastics hall and three martial arts dojos, including the headquarters of the Aikido Fellowship of Great Britain. The National Indoor Arena (NIA), opened in 1991,[94] is a major indoor athletics venue, hosting the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships and 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships as well as many WWE wrestling events.
ATP international tennis is still played at Edgbaston's Priory Club.[95] Birmingham also has a professional Rugby Union side, Moseley RFC, who play at Billesley Common, and there is professional basketball team, Birmingham Panthers, as well as professional boxing, hockey, skateboarding, stock-car racing, greyhound racing and speedway in the city.

Food & drink

Main article: Food and drink in Birmingham, England
The fruit and vegetable section of the Birmingham Wholesale Markets
Birmingham's development as a commercial town was originally based around its market for agricultural produce, established by royal charter in 1166. Despite the industrialisation of subsequent centuries this role has been retained, and the Birmingham Wholesale Markets remain the largest combined wholesale food markets in the country,[96] selling meat, fish, fruit, vegetables and flowers and supplying fresh produce to restaurateurs and independent retailers as far as 100 miles away.[97]
Birmingham is the only English city outside London to have three Michelin starred restaurants: Simpson's in Edgbaston, Turners in Harborne and Purnell's in the city centre.[98]
Birmingham based breweries included Ansells, Davenports and Mitchells & Butlers.[99] Aston Manor Brewery is currently the only brewery of any significant size. Many fine Victorian pubs and bars can still be found across the city. The oldest inn in Birmingham is the Old Crown in Deritend (circa 1450[citation needed]). .The city has a plethora of nightclubs and bars, notably along Broad Street.^ Fountain Court is situated close to the city centre, ICC, NIA, Symphony Hall and Broad Street.
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 [100]
The Wing Yip food empire first began in the city and now has its headquarters in the Nechells.[101] The Balti, a type of curry, was invented in the city, which has received much acclaim for the 'Balti Belt' or 'Balti Triangle'.[102] Famous food brands that originated in Birmingham include Typhoo tea, Bird's Custard, Cadbury's chocolate and HP Sauce.

Culture and arts

Main article: Arts in Birmingham

Arts

Black Sabbath, a pioneer band in heavy-metal music, was formed in Birmingham.
.Birmingham has had a vibrant and varied musical history over the last century.^ The church is presently hosting, for the last time, Birmingham's triennial music festival, the proceeds of which go to the Hospital on Summer Lane.
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 .Birmingham bands have made a major contribution to the musical culture of the United Kingdom, with many contemporary bands citing Birmingham bands as a major influence.^ Birmingham , United Kingdom NEC Birmingham .
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 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Villa Park .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Carling Academy Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 In the 1960s, the "Brum Beat" era featured blues and early progressive rock bands, such as The Moody Blues. The city is often described as the birthplace of heavy metal music,[103] with Judas Priest, Black Sabbath, Magnum and two members of Led Zeppelin being local. Then later on during the 80s bands such as Napalm Death, joined the Birmingham heavy metal scene. In the 1970s, members of The Move and The Idle Race formed the Electric Light Orchestra and Wizzard. The 1970s also saw the rise of reggae and ska in the city with such bands as Steel Pulse, UB40, Musical Youth and The Beat, expounding racial unity with politically leftist lyrics and multiracial lineups, mirroring social currents in Birmingham at that time. Seminal 1980s pop band Duran Duran are also from Birmingham.
Ex Cathedra performing at Birmingham Town Hall
Jazz has a following in the city, and the annual Birmingham International Jazz Festival is the largest of its kind in the UK.[104] Venues for the festival are also located out of Birmingham in Solihull. It was first held in 1984.[105]
The internationally-renowned City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra's home venue is Symphony Hall. There is a City Organist; since 1834 only seven men have held this position. The current holder, Thomas Trotter, has been in post since 1983.[106] Weekly recitals have been given since the organ in Birmingham Town Hall was opened[107] but are now held in St. Philip's Cathedral, until the Town Hall organ opens in October 2007, following restoration. The Birmingham Royal Ballet[108] resides in the city as does the world's oldest vocational dance school, Elmhurst School for Dance.[109]
The Birmingham Triennial Music Festivals took place from 1784 to 1912. Music was specially composed, conducted or performed by Mendelssohn, Gounod, Sullivan, Dvořák, Bantock and Edward Elgar, who wrote four of his most famous choral pieces for Birmingham. Elgar's The Dream of Gerontius had its début performance there in 1900. Composers born in the city include Albert William Ketèlbey and Andrew Glover.
Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Birmingham's other city-centre music venues include The National Indoor Arena, which was opened in 1991, 02 Academy on Bristol Street, which opened in September 2009 replacing the 02 Academy in Dale End, The CBSO Centre, opened in 1997, Barfly in Digbeth and the Adrian Boult Hall, which was built along with Paradise Forum and Birmingham Central Library, at Birmingham Conservatoire.
Among the many theatres in Birmingham, the largest are the Alexandra ("the Alex"), The Rep, the Hippodrome and the Old Rep. The Crescent Theatre and Old Joint Stock Theatre are other city centre theatres. Outside of the city centre are the Drum Arts Centre (on the site of the former Aston Hippodrome) and mac.[110] The Fierce! festival collaborates with The Rep to present an annual series of performances from local and national companies.
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
Literary figures associated with Birmingham include Samuel Johnson who stayed in Birmingham for a short period and was born in nearby Lichfield. The Birmingham Central Library holds some two thousand volumes of his work. Arthur Conan Doyle worked in the Aston area of Birmingham whilst poet Louis MacNeice lived in Birmingham for six years. American author Washington Irving produced several of his most famous literary works whilst staying in Birmingham such as Bracebridge Hall and The Humorists, A Medley which are based on Aston Hall. Other authors who were born in or have resided in Birmingham include David Lodge, Jonathan Coe and J. R. R. Tolkien, who is said to have been inspired by areas and buildings in the city. Influential poets associated with Birmingham include Roi Kwabena, who was the city's sixth poet laureate,[111] and Benjamin Zephaniah, who was born in the city.
Birmingham is the home of the UK's longest-established local science fiction group, launched in 1971 (although there were earlier incarnations in the 1940s and 1960s) and which organises the annual sf event Novacon.
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery has one of the largest collections of Pre-Raphaelite art in the world. Edward Burne-Jones was born in Birmingham, spent his first twenty years in the city, later becoming president of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists. The Barber Institute of Fine Arts was declared 'Gallery of the Year' by the 2004 Good Britain Guide.[112] The Ikon Gallery hosts displays of contemporary art, as does Eastside Projects. Notable local artists include David Cox, David Bomberg, Pogus Caesar, Keith Piper and Donald Rodney.OOM Gallery a photographic archive has collaborated with organisations such as Fazeley Studios Three White Walls and Kinetic AIU.
Birmingham's role as a manufacturing and printing centre has supported strong local traditions of graphic design and product design. Iconic works by Birmingham designers include the Baskerville font,[113] Ruskin Pottery,[114] the Acme Thunderer whistle,[115] the Art Deco branding of the Odeon Cinemas[116] and the Mini.[117]

Festivals and shows

Birmingham is home to many national, religious and spiritual festivals including a St. George's Day party. The Birmingham Tattoo is a long-standing military show. The Caribbean-style Birmingham International Carnival takes place in odd numbered years. Birmingham Pride takes place in the gay village and attracts up to 100,000 visitors each year. From 1997, the city hosted an annual arts festival ArtsFest, the largest free arts festival in the UK. In December 2006, the City Council announced that it would no longer hold Artsfest.[118] The city's largest single-day event is its St. Patrick's Day parade (Europe's second largest, after the one in Dublin).[119] Other multicultural events include the Bangla Mela and the Vaisakhi Mela. The Birmingham Heritage Festival is a Mardi Gras style event in August. Caribbean and African culture are celebrated with parades and street performances by buskers. Other festivals in the city include Moseley Folk Festival (since 2006), which takes place in Moseley private park and mixes new with established folk acts, the Birmingham International Jazz Festival, and the Birmingham Comedy Festival (since 2001), which has been headlined by such acts as Peter Kay, The Fast Show, Jimmy Carr, Lee Evans and Lenny Henry. The festivals, shows and other activities make Birmingham are part of Birmingham's 2026 vision, publicised by Be Birmingham (a Local Strategic Partnership to Birmingham) which aims to improve the range of public festivals and activities in the city[citation needed].

Media

Main article: Media in Birmingham
The Mailbox, headquarters of BBC Birmingham.
Birmingham has several major local newspapers – the daily Birmingham Mail and the weekly Birmingham Post and Sunday Mercury, all owned by the Trinity Mirror who also own What's On magazine, a fortnightly listings title which has been running for 30 years. Forward (formerly Birmingham Voice) is a freesheet produced by Birmingham City Council, which is distributed to homes in the city. Birmingham is also the hub for various national ethnic media and the base for two regional Metro editions (east and west Midlands). Birmingham has a long cinematic history. The Electric Cinema on Station Street is the oldest working cinema in the UK,[120] and Oscar Deutsch opened his first Odeon cinema in Perry Barr during the 1920s. Birmingham-born architect Harry Weedon collaborated with Oscar Deutsch to design over 300 cinemas across the country, most in the distinctive Art Deco style.[121] Star City is said to be Europe's largest leisure and cinema complex and is not far from the Britain's only permanent drive-in cinema; both are in Nechells. An IMAX cinema is located at Millennium Point in the Eastside.[122] Birmingham has also been the location for films including Felicia's Journey of 1999, which used locations in Birmingham that were used in Take Me High of 1973 to contrast the changes in the city.[123]
The Electric Cinema
.As well as being the location for television dramas, Birmingham is also a national hub for television broadcasting.^ Being centrally located at the Britannia Hotel Birmingham, you will be within easy access of the motorway networks, NEC, International Convention Centre and the National Indoor Arena.
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 ^ It is ideally located for the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Airport, Birmingham Business Park and Hams Hall Distribution Park which are all only a 5 minute drive away.
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 ^ Henley Hotel is located in the quiet village of Henley in Arden but just minutes from the motorway network and the National Exhibition Centre and Birmingham Airport.
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 The BBC has two facilities in the city. The Mailbox, in the city centre, is the location for the national headquarters of BBC English Regions,[124] the headquarters of BBC West Midlands and the BBC Birmingham network production centre, which were previously located at the Pebble Mill Studios in Edgbaston. The BBC Drama Village, based in Selly Oak, is a production facility specialising in television drama and in the newest UK soap opera and the only soap opera in the West Midlands region, Doctors what is the only daytime soap in the UK.[125] It was announced in October 2007 that BBC Birmingham was to lose 43 out of 2,500 jobs nationwide.
Central/ATV studios in Birmingham were the location for the recording of many programmes for ITV including Tiswas and Crossroads until the complex was closed.[126] When Central TV moved to its current Gas Street studios, it was also the main hub for CITV until CITV was moved to Manchester in 2004. All of ITV Central's output from Birmingham now consists of the West and East editions of the regional news programme Central Tonight.
.The city is served by numerous national and regional radio stations, as well as local radio stations.^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
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 These include 96.4 BRMB, Galaxy, Heart FM, Kerrang! 105.2, New Style Radio 98.7FM, Smooth Radio 105.7FM and BBC WM.[127] The Archers, the world's longest running radio soap, is recorded in Birmingham for BBC Radio 4.[128]

Leisure

The proposed VTP200
.Two major developments have regenerated two parts of the city in recent years.^ Birmingham has undergone dramatic transformation in recent years and this vibrant and cosmopolitan City offers something for everybody.
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 Brindleyplace is a major canalside development with restaurants and office buildings along with the National Sea Life Centre. The other development was the Bullring Shopping Centre, which replaced a previous shopping centre. The Mailbox, a canalside development, features designer stores as well as offices and apartments. The Cube, designed by MAKE Architects is a 17 storey mixed-use development which is under construction as part of the Mailbox masterplan. The National Indoor Arena is one of the busiest large scale sporting and entertainment venues in Europe. Outside of the city centre is Star City entertainment complex on the former site of Nechells Power Station.[129]
The nightlife in Birmingham is concentrated mainly along Broad Street and into Brindleyplace. .However, in recent years, stylish clubs and bars have started to establish themselves outside the Broad Street area.^ The bar is open late for residents and outside guests with great music and a relaxed stylish atmosphere.
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 The Medicine Bar in the Custard Factory, The Sanctuary, Rainbow Pub and Air are large clubs and bars in Digbeth. Near Digbeth, there are bars and club nights in areas such as the Arcadian and Hurst Street Gay Village by the Chinese Quarter. Summer Row, The Mailbox, and St Philips/Colmore Row – where once a month there is a party night held for Polish residents in Birmingham – and Jewellery Quarter also feature clubs. There are number of late night pubs in the Irish Quarter.[130]
Planning permission has been granted to build a fifty-metre Olympic sized swimming pool in Ladywood next to the NIA. The "Birmingham Aquatics and Leisure Centre" or "BALC" will cost £58 million and was originally planned to be completed in time for the 2012 Olympic Games in London so that the Chinese Swimming Team could use it for practice sessions, although due to budget constraints it will not be built in time.[131] Building work is unlikely to start any time soon despite planning permission being granted. The pool has been a source of heated debate with local residents due to its proximity to other large sporting venues.[132]

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Birmingham
17 & 19 Newhall Street in Birmingham's characteristic Victorian red brick and terracotta
Birmingham is chiefly a product of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries; its growth began during the Industrial Revolution. Consequently, relatively few buildings survive from its earlier history, and those that do are protected. There are 1,946 listed buildings in Birmingham and thirteen scheduled ancient monuments.[133] Birmingham City Council also operate a locally listing scheme for buildings that do not fully meet the criteria for statutorily listed status.
Traces of medieval Birmingham can be seen in the oldest churches, notably the original parish church, St Martin in the Bull Ring. A few other buildings from the medieval and Tudor periods survive, among them the Lad in the Lane[134] and The Old Crown, the 15th century Saracen's Head public house and Old Grammar School in Kings Norton[135] and Blakesley Hall.
Selfridges, by architects Future Systems.
A number of Georgian buildings survive, including St Philip's Cathedral, Soho House, Perrott's Folly, the Town Hall and much of St Paul's Square. The Victorian era saw extensive building across the city. Major civic buildings such as the Victoria Law Courts (in characteristic red brick and terracotta), the Council House and the Museum & Art Gallery were constructed.[136] St Chad's Cathedral was the first Roman Catholic cathedral to be built in the UK since the Reformation.[137] Across the city, the need to house the industrial workers gave rise to miles of redbrick streets and terraces, many of back-to-back houses, some of which were later to become inner-city slums.[138]
Postwar redevelopment and anti-Victorianism resulted in the loss of dozens Victorian buildings like Birmingham New Street Station, and the old Central Library.[139] In inner-city areas too, much Victorian housing was redeveloped. Existing communities were relocated to tower block estates like Castle Vale.[140]
.Birmingham City Council now has an extensive tower block demolition and renovation programme.^ Birmingham is a burgeoning city, offering a world-class cultural scene, extensive shopping, famous nightlife and a seemingly endless supply of international events and exhibitions.
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 ^ Book Now B7: Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City .
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 ^ Book Now B4: Thistle Birmingham City .
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 There has been a lot of construction in the city centre in recent years, including the award-winning[141] Future Systems' Selfridges building in the Bullring Shopping Centre, the Brindleyplace regeneration project and the Millennium Point science and technology centre.
Highrise development has slowed since the 1970s and mainly in recent years due to enforcements imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority on the heights of buildings as they could affect aircraft from the International Airport, (e.g. Beetham Tower).[142]

Environment

.Birmingham has many corridors of wildlife that lie in both informal settings such as the Kingfisher Project and Woodgate Valley Country Park and in a selection of parks such as Handsworth Park and Small Heath Park.^ The apartments are a great base for both business and leisure travellers, giving easy access to the many attractions that Brindleyplace and Birmingham have to offer.
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 ^ BORDESLEY PARK ROAD SMALL HEATH, B10 0PD .
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 .Wildlife is nurtured in a good many gardens and helped along by Birmingham City Council's dedication to replanting street trees when they die or are removed.^ Each bedroom overlooks peaceful landscaped gardens, difficult to believe that this tree-lined setting is just 10 minutes away from Birmingham City Centre.
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 ^ As Birminghams fantastic renaissance continues; it brings along the landmark Radisson SAS Hotel, adding a stylish twist to the city's skyline.
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 ^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
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 The City's horticultural training facility at King's Heath Park is paired up with Pershore College. .More traditional environmental concerns are constantly raised by volunteer pressure group Birmingham Friends of the Earth.^ The generality of the language contained in the Birmingham parade ordinance upon which the injunction was based would unquestionably raise substantial constitutional issues concerning some of its provisions.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Birmingham's oldest bank, Taylors & Lloyds, was founded by the second Sampson Lloyd and by John Taylor (concerning whom more anon) on Dale End in 1765.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham parade ordinance upon which the injunction was based would unquestionably raise substantial constitutional issues concerning some of its provisions.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 That group advocate gentler travel such as through local rail revival, walking and cycling, reduction in energy demand and waste generally, and see a great future for environmental technologies in the city.

Crime and policing

Digbeth Police Station
West Midlands Police serves Birmingham and the West Midlands county. .The headquarters are located at Lloyd House in the city centre of Birmingham.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
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 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
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 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Birmingham has been the location for many high profile incidents such as the 31 January 2007 Birmingham raid, New Year Murders, the 2005 Birmingham race riots and in 1974, the Birmingham pub bombings.
Crime figures for 2008/2009 (shown below) demonstrated that Birmingham was above the English average in most, but not all, fields. Of England's 'core cities' (Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, and Sheffield), Birmingham has the lowest crime rate.[143]
In an attempt to reduce crime in the city, a Crime and Disorder Partnership has been established in the city, the largest of its kind in the country.[144] The partnerships work in developing five neighbourhood based community safety projects in Birmingham was recognised when it was awarded first prize at the European Community Safety Awards in December 2004.[144] Crime rates are particularly high in areas such as Aston, Handsworth, Small Heath and Bordesley Green.[144]
Crime figures for 2008/2009 in Birmingham[145][146]
Crime Birmingham average
(per 1,000 of the population)		 English average
(per 1,000 of the population)
Total recorded offences 94.92 86
Violence against a person 21.55 16
Sexual offences 1.24 1
Robbery offences 3.88 2
Burglary 12.19 11
Offences against vehicles 14.34 11
Other theft offences 15.24 20
Criminal damage 15.9 17
Drug offences 5.22 4

Notable residents

Joseph Chamberlain
Main article: List of famous residents of Birmingham, England
Birmingham has a number of notable residents from various walks of life. Joseph Chamberlain, who was once mayor of Birmingham and later became an MP, and his son Neville Chamberlain, who was lord mayor Birmingham and later the British Prime Minister, are two of the most well-known political figures who have lived in Birmingham. Politician Enoch Powell was also born in Birmingham attending King Edward's School. Author J. R. R. Tolkien was brought up in Birmingham with many locations in the city such as Moseley bog, Sarehole Mill and Perrott's Folly supposedly being the inspiration for various scenes in The Lord of the Rings. Writer W. H. Auden grew up in the Harborne area of the city. The American author Washington Irving lived in Birmingham during the 1820s and wrote both Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow whilst living in the city. Entertainers who were born or who have lived in Birmingham include comedians Sid Field, Tony Hancock, and Jasper Carrott and the actors Trevor Eve, Adrian Lester, Julie Walters and Martin Shaw. Birmingham has also produced a number of popular bands and musicians including Led Zeppelin, Electric Light Orchestra, UB40, Duran Duran, Steel Pulse, Ocean Colour Scene, Moody Blues, The Move, Judas Priest, Black Sabbath, Napalm Death, Musical Youth, and The Streets. Musicians Jeff Lynne, Ozzy Osbourne, Carl Palmer, John Lodge, Roy Wood, Joan Armatrading, Ruby Turner, Toyah Willcox, Denny Laine and Steve Winwood all grew up in the city. Other famous residents include the inventor of the steam engine James Watt; award winning political playwright David Edgar; and Booker Prize winning novelist David Lodge.
The 'Walk of Stars', was unveiled on Broad Street in July 2007 to honour the famous residents of Birmingham[147].

Science and invention

Matthew Boulton
Main article: Science and invention in Birmingham
.Birmingham has been the location for some of the most important inventions and scientific breakthroughs.^ Yet the Soho mint was the only important commercial mint that wasn't located in Birmingham (though it was just a stone's throw away).
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 ^ Although there are now 17 steam-powered rolling mills in Birmingham, for many years this mill was the town's only local source of manufactured metal, most of which came from water-powered mills located some distance away.
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 Local inventions and notable firsts include: gas lighting, custard powder, Brylcreem, the magnetron, the first ever use of radiography in an operation,[148] Lewis Paul and John Wyatt's first cotton Roller Spinning machine and the UK's first ever hole-in-the-heart operation, at Birmingham Children's Hospital.[149]
Among the city's notable scientists and inventors are Matthew Boulton, proprietor of the Soho engineering works, Sir Francis Galton, originator of eugenics and important techniques in statistics, Joseph Priestley, chemist and radical and James Watt, engineer and inventor who is associated with the steam engine. Many of these scientists were members of the Lunar Society, which was based in the city.[150]

Twin cities

Birmingham has seven partner or sister cities[151]. They are:
There are also Treaties of Friendship between Birmingham and Guangzhou in China,[151][156] and between Birmingham and Mirpur in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan from where about 90,000 Birmingham citizens originate.[157]
Birmingham, Alabama, USA, is named after the city and shares an industrial kinship.[158]

See also

References

Bibliography

  • Gordon E. Cherry (1994). Birmingham A Study in Geography, History and Planning. ISBN 0-471-94900-0. 
  • Canon Doctor Terry Slater (1981). A History of Warwickshire. ISBN 0-85033-416-0. 
  • Johnathan Berg (1994). Positively Birmingham. ISBN 0-9523179-0-7. 
  • A. J. Gerard; Canon Doctor Terry Slater (1996). Managing a Conurbation: Birmingham and its Region. ISBN 1-85858-083-8. 

Notes

  1. ^ "Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)". Neighbourhood Statistics. June 2006. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276800&c=birmingham&d=13&e=13&g=373272&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1256075609225&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812. Retrieved 23 October 2008. 
  2. ^ "Local Authority Profile - Birmingham". Nomis - Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2009. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431965/report.aspx. Retrieved 2010-01-09. 
  3. ^ a b "Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas". Office for National Statistics. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&More=Y. Retrieved 9 June 2007. 
  4. ^ "British urban pattern: population data" (pdf). ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions. European Union - European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/file_2420/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final. Retrieved 2009-03-14. 
  5. ^ "Decline of the city of a thousand trades". Birmingham Mail. 17 April 2006. http://icbirmingham.icnetwork.co.uk/mail/news/columnists/goldberg/tm_objectid=16955982&method=full&siteid=50002&headline=decline-of-the-city-of-a-thousand-trades-name_page.html. Retrieved 2 August 2006. 
  6. ^ a b Anna Blackaby (6 October 2009). "Birmingham, biggest mover in European league table, second to London for UK business". http://www.birminghampost.net/news/newsaggregator/2009/10/06/birmingham-biggest-mover-in-european-league-table-second-to-london-for-uk-business-65233-24859371/. 
  7. ^ "National Statistics Online - International Visits". ONS. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=178. Retrieved 2009-07-19. 
  8. ^ https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=1562
  9. ^ "World's Top 100 Most Livable Cities". Bwnt.businessweek.com. 1998-03-22. http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/livable_cities_worldwide/. Retrieved 2009-05-30. 
  10. ^ "Big City Plan Website". Birmingham City Council. http://bigcityplan.birmingham.gov.uk/. Retrieved 2010-01-27. 
  11. ^ "Brummagem". Worldwidewords.com. 13 December 2003. http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-bru2.htm. Retrieved 7 June 2008. 
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  147. ^ "Ozzy Osbourne to be the first star on the Birmingham Walk of Stars" (PDF). Broad Street Business Improvement District. 17 May 2007. http://www.walkofstars.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/OZZY_PRESS_RELEASE.pdf. Retrieved 7 June 2008. 
  148. ^ "Major John Hall-Edwards". http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/xray. 
  149. ^ "Facts about Birmingham". BirminghamNet. 
  150. ^ "Lunar Society". BirminghamUK. http://www.birminghamuk.com/lunarsociety.htm. Retrieved 7 June 2008. 
  151. ^ a b "International Links". Birmingham City Council. http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=28988&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=12744. Retrieved 7 August 2009. 
  152. ^ "Frankfurt -Partner Cities". © 2008 Stadt Frankfurt am Main. http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645. Retrieved 2009-07-17. 
  153. ^ "Brno - Partnerská města" (in Czech). © 2006–2009 City of Brno. http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272. Retrieved 2009-07-17. 
  154. ^ "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". © 2008 Mairie de Lyon. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 2009-07-17. 
  155. ^ "Milano - Città Gemellate". © 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/ContentLibrary/In%20Comune/In%20Comune/Citt%20Gemellate. Retrieved 2009-07-17. 
  156. ^ "Sister Cities of Guangzhou". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-10. 
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  158. ^ "Birmingham, Alabama". BirminghamNet. http://www.birminghamnet.com/birmingham.htm. Retrieved 7 June 2008. 

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(Redirected to Birmingham (disambiguation) article)

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There is more than one place called Birmingham:

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1911 encyclopedia

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From LoveToKnow 1911

="">See Birmingham (disambiguation) for articles sharing the title Birmingham.
. BIRMINGHAM, a city and a municipal, county, and parliamentary borough, the metropolis of one of the greatest industrial districts in England.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This city in the West Midlands in England, has grown out as an industrial city during the industrial revolution.
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Even before the canal boom, it managed to become England's preeminent industrial city, and was well on its way to becoming the "the workshop of the world."
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Pop. .(1901) 522,204, It lies in the northwest of Warwickshire, but its suburbs extend into Staffordshire on the north and west, and into Worcestershire on the south.^ Some years after Booth's original burial the Staffordshire-Warwickshire county line was shifted north.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Hollybank is a family run business which lies at the heart of the quiet North Warwickshire town of Coleshill.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideal location for visitors to Kings Norton, Longbridge and south west suburbs of Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 It is 113 m. north-west from .London by the London & NorthWestern railway, lying on the loop line between Rugby and Stafford; it is also served by the northern line of the Great Western, and by the north and west (Derby-Bristol) line of the Midland railway.^ By the end of the century the West Midlands as a whole had more bank offices per capita than any other part of England, London included (Duggan 1985, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Why, in particular, did it — and not London or Bristol or Sheffield — become Great Britain's leading center for all kinds of metal work, including commercial coinage?
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Table of contents
1 Site
2 Streets and Buildings
3 Suburbs
4 Churches and Religion
5 Administration
6 Education
7 Charities
8 Commerce
9 History

Site

.Birmingham, built upon the New Red Sandstone, is situated in the valleys of the Rea and other small feeders of the river Tame, near their sources, and upon the rising ground between these valleys.^ They also sought to attack the Birmingham parade ordinance upon similar grounds, and upon the further ground that the ordinance had previously been administered in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Situated in the heart of Birminghams thriving new city centre, Ramada Birmingham City provides the perfect base to sample the tremendous array of shops bars and city life.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The site is, therefore, boldly undulating, varying from 200 to 600 ft. above sea-level, steadily rising towards the north and west, while the well-marked line of the Lickey hills skirts the site on the south-west, extending thence south-eastward. From the high ground to the south-east Birmingham thus presents the appearance of a vast semicircular amphitheatre, the masses of houses broken by innumerable factory-chimneys; the whole scene conveying a remarkable impression of a community of untiring industrial activity. The area of the town is nearly 20 sq. m., the greatest length from north to south 7 m., and the greatest breadth about 4 m. .Yet Birmingham is a fraction only of an industrial district, of which it forms the south-eastern extremity, which itself resembles one vast city, and embraces such famous manufacturing towns as Dudley, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Wednesbury and many others.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Walsall and only 20 miles from Birmingham Airport and NEC. 20 minute drive into Telford.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ With Stratford upon Avon only 12 miles to the south, visiting Shakespeares birthplace, the Royal Shakespeare Theatre or the historic town itself provides a fantastic day out, as does the city of Birmingham also with its theatres only 18 miles north.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .This is the district commonly known as the "Black Country," which forms part of the South Staffordshire industrial district.^ In John Raven, The Urban & Industrial Songs of the Black Country and Birmingham (1977, pp.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Birmingham, however, does not lie actually within the "Black Country" properly so-called.^ In John Raven, The Urban & Industrial Songs of the Black Country and Birmingham (1977, pp.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Streets and Buildings

The plan of the town, as dictated by the site, is irregular; the streets are mostly winding, and often somewhat narrow. .In the centre are several fine thoroughfares, containing nearly all the most important buildings.^ The most prized of all his products today are the tokens or medalets he made, especially for collectors, depicting better-known buildings in London, Coventry, and (of course) Birmingham.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It was also home to several of the town's most important commercial mints.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 New Street, Corporation Street and Colmore Row are the chief of these. .At the western end of New Street is a fine group of buildings, including the council house and art gallery, the town hall and post office.^ But after the riots the building was appropriated to fill in for the Old and New (Calvinist) Meeting Houses, which the rioters had pillaged.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It was once lined with nothing but fine Georgian houses and gardens but is now dotted on both sides with warehouses, workshops, and factories — including more button makers than any other Birmingham Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The newer, stone-faced buildings that distinguish the first part of Temple Row include the handsome structure erected just last year to house the Birmingham Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The council house and art gallery, begun in 1874 and completed in 1881, is in Renaissance style, and the material is Darley Dale, Spinkwell and Wrexham stone. The entrance is surmounted with a pediment filled with groups of excellent sculpture. .The erection of that part which forms the art gallery was the work of the gas committee, to whom the council granted the site on condition that they would build such a gallery over their own office, the council having no powers at the time to raise the required funds.^ But at all events, prior resort to a motion to dissolve this injunction could not be required because of the complete absence of any time limits on the duration of the ex parte order.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ No absurd forms of wearisome servitude are necessary to give the active tradesman a right to practice his art here….
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This Court's decision in Mine Workers was directed to the integrity of the District Court's power "to preserve existing conditions while it was determining its own authority to grant injunctive relief."
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 The art gallery contains a fine collection of modern paintings, including masterpieces of David Cox, Millais, Hunt, Henry Moore, Albert Moore, Briton-Riviere and Burne-Jones. In the industrial hall are rich stores of Oriental metal work, Limoges enamel, English and foreign glass and Japanese ceramics. In the side galleries are various textiles, and Persian, Rhodian, Gres de Flandres and other pottery. There is a remarkable collection of Wedgwood. Notable also is the collection of arms, which is probably the most complete in existence. The purchase of pictures has been made from time to time by means of an art gallery purchase fund of f 12,000, privately contributed and placed under the control of the corporation. Many valuable works of art are the gift of individuals. .In 1906 plans were obtained for additional municipal offices and another art gallery on a site on the opposite side of Edmund Street from the council house.^ Thus the highest and lowest numbers of a road or street may both end up being at the same end, though on opposite sides.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The town hall, completed in 1850, is severely classic, modelled upon a Greek temple.^ The festival venue will change to the new Town Hall after its completion in 1830.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The lower stage consists of a plinth or basement, 23 ft. high, upon which is reared a facade of peripteral character, with eight Corinthian columns (36 ft. high) at the two principal fronts, and thirteen columns on each side. These columns (imitated from those of the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome) support a bold and enriched cornice, finished at each end with a lofty pediment and entablature. The exterior of the hall is built of Anglesea marble. The interior consists chiefly of a regularly-built room, designed specially for meetings and concerts, with an orchestra containing a fine organ. .The hall seats upwards of 2000 persons, but when cleared of benches, as is the case at great political meetings, over 5000 may find standing room.^ On the contrary, some cases have required that persons seeking to challenge the constitutionality of a statute first violate it to establish their standing to sue.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 The Midland Institute, adjacent to the town hall on the west, has a fine lecture theatre. To the south lie the post office, the inland revenue office and Queen's College. To the north is the Gothic building of Mason College, an institution merged in the university. The Central free library, adjoining the Midland Institute, was rebuilt in 1879, after a fire which destroyed the fine Shakespeare library, the Cervantes collection, and a large series of books on, and antiquities of, Warwickshire, known as the Staunton collection. The Shakespeare series was as far as possible replaced, and the whole forms one of the largest reference and lending libraries in England. .Edmund Street and Colmore Row are fine thoroughfares running parallel in a north-easterly direction from either side of the council house; in the first the principal building is the school of art, in the second are several noteworthy private buildings.^ It was once lined with nothing but fine Georgian houses and gardens but is now dotted on both sides with warehouses, workshops, and factories — including more button makers than any other Birmingham Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The newer, stone-faced buildings that distinguish the first part of Temple Row include the handsome structure erected just last year to house the Birmingham Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ By 1780, or just a few years before the commercial coinage episode began, the present street pattern was more or less established, with Little Charles, Great Charles, and Lionel Streets running parallel to Colmore Row and Newhall, Church, and Livery Streets running perpendicularly from the same.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Both terminate at Snow Hill station, that of the Great Western railway.^ For guests travelling by train, New Street Station is opposite the hotel and Snow Hill and Moor Street Railway stations are only a few minutes walk away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ For the time being let's cross Snow Hill to Bath Street, which is the eastern continuation of Great Charles Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .New Street station, that of the London & North Western and Midland railways, lies close to the street of that name, fronted by the Queen's hotel.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are approximately 3 miles from the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham International Railway Station and close to the M6 and M42 motorways.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The station is nearly a quarter of a mile in length. The roof of the older portion consists of a vast arch of glass and iron, carried on pillars on each side, and measuring 1100 f t. in length, 80 ft. in height, and 2 1 2 ft. in width in a single span. .The building of the Royal Society of Artists fronts New Street itself with a fine classic portico; here are also the exchange (Gothic) and the grammar school of King Edward VI., a Perpendicular building dating from 1840, designed by Sir Charles Barry.^ On the corner itself the New Theatre for the School of Medicine and Surgery is set to open: a poster on its entrance announces an inaugural lecture by W. S. Cox, F.R.S., to be offered on Sunday evening.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ As for Newhall Manor itself, the large structure, which stood just beyond what is now the intersection of Newhall and Great Charles Streets, was auctioned off in 1787 on the understanding that it would be taken apart and carted off by its new owner.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Corporation Street was the outcome Of a great "Improvement scheme" initiated in 1875, with the object of clearing away a mass of insanitary property from the centre of the town and of constructing a main thoroughfare from the centre to the north-eastern outlet, starting from New Street, near the railway station to Bull Street, and thence continuing to the Aston Road.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ A two minute walk from New Street station and adjacent to a 2,000 space NCP car park.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The scheme received parliamentary sanction in 1876, and was finished in 1882 at a cost of £1,520,657. This led to an almost total extinction of the residential quarter in the centre of the town. The finest building in this handsome street is the Victoria assize courts. The foundation stone was laid by Queen Victoria in 1887, after Birmingham had been created an assize district; the building was completed in 1891. There is a handsome entrance, and within is a great hall, 80 ft. by 40, with a series of stained-glass windows. The exterior is red, and highly ornamented in the style of the Renaissance.
.Among other noteworthy buildings are the county court, education offices and military drill hall.^ "I went to Mr. Connor's office, the Commissioner's office at the City Hall Building.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 Among a fine series of statues and monuments may be mentioned the statue of Nelson by Richard Westmacott, in the Bull Ring; those of Joseph Sturge, at the Five Ways, and of Thomas Attwood, the founder of the Political Union, in Stephenson Place, both by J. E. Thomas; James Watt, a singularly beautiful work, in Ratcliff Place, by Alexander Munro; Sir Robert Peel, in New Street, by Peter Hollins; Albert, prince consort, in the council house, by J. H. Foley; and Queen Victoria, by Thomas Woolner; Sir Rowland Hill, in the hall of the post office, by Matthew Noble; and Dr Priestley, in New Street, by F. J. Williamson. There is also a fountain behind the town hall, commemorative of the mayoralty of Mr Joseph Chamberlain, and flanked by statues of Sir Josiah Mason, and George Dawson, who took active part in the municipal reform movement previous to Mr Chamberlain's years of office. Sir Francis Chantrey's famous statue of James Watt is in a special chapel at Handsworth church.

Suburbs

The principal streets radiating from central Birmingham to the suburbs are served by electric tramways worked by the corporation, and also by motor omnibuses. The principal suburbs are as follows. .Edgbaston and Harborne lie south-west of the centre of the city, being approached by Broad Street.^ Standing in its own gardens, this traditional red brick Victorian Hotel provides an oasis of calm, whilst being close to the city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Fully furnished and equipped serviced apartments in Harborne, just 2 miles from Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Asquith House is a delightful Victorian property that is fully modernised and is situated amongst the leafy lanes od edgbaston, mintues away from Birmingham city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .These form a residential district principally inhabited by the richer classes, and owing to the enforcement of strict rules by the ground landlord, retain a remarkable semirural character, almost every house having a garden.^ Grimstock Country House Hotel is privately owned and is situated in a rural setting and has its own beautiful grounds and gardens.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Here, moreover, are Calthorpe Park, the botanical gardens, and the large private grounds attached to Edgbaston Hall, also the Warwickshire county cricket ground.^ Grimstock Country House Hotel is privately owned and is situated in a rural setting and has its own beautiful grounds and gardens.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Railway Pub has a large car park, Attractive Garden ,with Childrens Play Area and small pets corner.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Why not treat the family to Cadburys world,Warwick Castle,the Sea Life Centre or West Midland Safari park, Symphony Hall, Edgbaston Cricket Ground, National Indoor Arena and the National Exhibition Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .To the south of Edgbaston, however, are the growing manufacturing districts of Selly Oak and Bourneville, and south of these, Northfield and King's Norton, in Worcestershire.^ Ideal location for visitors to Kings Norton, Longbridge and south west suburbs of Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The districts to the east of central Birmingham are Balsall Heath, Sparkbrook, Small Heath and Saltley.^ Located in the Midlands only 2 miles from the M42(J10)M6 Toll and accessable to the NEC, Central Birmingham, Birmingham and East Midlands Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 On the south-east is the residential suburb of Moseley, and on the east that of Yardley. .Between Moseley and King's Heath to the south, is Highbury, the seat of Mr Joseph Chamberlain, whose active interest in the affairs of the town, both during his mayoralty (1873-1876) and at other times, was a principal factor in such works as the municipalization of the gas and water supply, the Corporation Street improvement, and the foundation of Birmingham University.^ Easily accessible from both the M5 motorway at Junction 3 and the M6 motorway at Junction 6, it is short drive from the National Exhibition Centre and five minutes from Birmingham New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It was once lined with nothing but fine Georgian houses and gardens but is now dotted on both sides with warehouses, workshops, and factories — including more button makers than any other Birmingham Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But time is pressing, and I have something better in store, so we continue along Water Street to Church Street, so named because it runs between St. Philip's Church to the south and St. Paul's Chapel to the north.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 On the east side the transition from town to country is clearly marked. This, however, is not the case on the west side, where the borough of Smethwick adjoins Birmingham, and the roads through West Bromwich and towards Oldbury and Dudley have the character of continuous streets. On this side are Soho and Handsworth, which gives name to a parliamentary division of Staffordshire. To the north lies Aston Manor, a municipal borough of itself, with Perry Bar beyond. To the north-east a populous district extends towards the town of Sutton Coldfield. Aston Hall is a fine Jacobean mansion standing in an extensive park. Aston Lower Grounds is an adjacent pleasure-ground. .Besides these and the Edgbaston grounds the chief parks are Summersfield Park, towards Smethwick; Soho Park; Victoria Park, Handsworth; Adderley Park, towards Saltley; and Victoria Park, Small Heath.^ BORDESLEY PARK ROAD SMALL HEATH, B10 0PD .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 There is a race-course at Castle Bromwich, 3 m. east of the town.

Churches and Religion

Birmingham is not rich in ecclesiastical architecture. .It became a bishopric under the Bishoprics of Southwark and Birmingham Act 1904, including the archdeaconry of Birmingham and the rural deanery of Handsworth, previously in the diocese of Worcester.^ Because of its status as an unincorporated town, Birmingham (unlike Bristol) became a haven for nonconformists after the 1661 Corporation Act excluded Dissenters from membership in town corporations.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Before 1821 it was in the diocese of Lichfield. There were formerly a religious house, the priory of St Thomas the Apostle, and a Gild of the Holy Cross, an association partly religious and partly charitable, having a chantry in the parish church. .The possessions of the priory went to the crown at the dissolution, and the building was destroyed before the close of the 16th century.^ The original 16th century building is now the Club Bar and has one of the oldest bowling greens in England.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The lands of the Gild of the Holy Cross were granted by Edward VI. to trustees for the support of the free grammar school. .Until 1715 there was but one parish church, St Martin's, a rectory, having the tithes of the entire parish of Birmingham.^ Although it will one day be Birmingham's cathedral, St. Philip's is only a church at present.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 St Martin's was erected about the middle of the 13th century, but in the course of ages was so disfigured, internally and externally, as to present no traces, except in the tower and spire, of its former character. In 1853 the tower was found to be in a dangerous condition, and together with the spire was rebuilt. .In 1873 the remaining part of the old church was removed without.disturbing the monuments, and a larger edifice was erected in its place.^ Part of the stables still remain and the ancient brickwork has been carefully preserved, so too the old vaulted cellars that retain the craftmanship of 1704.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ That put the felon's grave in the wrong county, so his remains were removed to the graveyard of Handsworth's St. Mary's Church.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 St. Philip's, a stately Italian structure, designed by Archer, a pupil of Wren, was the next church erected. It was consecrated in 1715, enlarged in 1884, and became the pro-cathedral on the foundation of the diocese. It contains a rich series of stained-glass windows by Burne-Jones. Then followed St Bartholomew's in 1749, St Mary's in 1774, St Paul's in 1779, St James's, Ashted, in 1791, and others. St Alban's is a good example of J. L. Pearson's work, and Edgbaston church is a picturesque Perpendicular structure.
Under the Commonwealth Birmingham was a stronghold of Puritanism. Clarendon speaks of it and the neighbourhood as "the most eminently corrupted of any in England." Baxter, on the other hand, commending the garrison of Coventry, says it contained "the most religious men of the parts round about, especially from Birmingham." The traditional reputation for Nonconformity is maintained by the town, all varieties of dissenters being numerous and influential. .The Unitarians, the oldest body established here, have among their chapels a handsome structure in Bristol Road, the Old Meeting, which in 1885 replaced the building in which the congregation was formed on the Presbyterian model by a number of ministers ejected under the Act of Uniformity.^ But after the riots the building was appropriated to fill in for the Old and New (Calvinist) Meeting Houses, which the rioters had pillaged.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Ah, here it is: the Red Lion, a handsome, three story building with red bricks above and stucco below.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Another chapel, the New Meeting, in Moor Street, is memorable as having been the place of Dr Joseph Priestley's ministerial labours from 1780 onwards.^ For guests travelling by train, New Street Station is opposite the hotel and Snow Hill and Moor Street Railway stations are only a few minutes walk away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .In 1862 the Unitarians removed from this place to a new Gothic edifice, called the church of the Messiah, in Broad Street, where they preserve a monument of Priestley, with a medallion portrait in profile, and an inscription written by Priestley's friend, Dr Parr.^ You will find entertainment centres at Broad Street and Brindley place within a 10-minute walk from the Britannia hotel and within a lovely canal-side setting.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The esteemed Edward Thomason is still making numismatic products — medallions, chiefly — in his factory right around the corner on Church Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The first meeting-house of the Society of Friends dates from about 1690. Among Independent chapels, that of Carr's Lane had John Angell James and Robert William Dale as ministers. .The Baptists first erected a chapel in Cannon Street in 1738. The Wesleyan Methodists were established in Birmingham by John Wesley himself in 1745, when he was roughly handled while preaching on Gosta Green.^ Returning to Union Street, and proceeding along its far side, we pass the Wesleyan Church — a fairly recent structure that replaced one consecrated by Wesley himself — and turn left onto Crooked Lane.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But our concern is with Hospital Street itself, which was the last address of the greatest of all the Birmingham token engravers, John Gregory Hancock, Sr.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In 1903 a very fine central hall, with lofty tower, was opened by this body, in the style of the Renaissance, fronting upon Corporation, Ryder and Dalton streets.^ A beautiful country retreat with modern bedrooms and a fine dining restaurant, Billesley Manor captivates the very essence of Central England.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The Presbyterians have also places of worship, and the Jews have a synagogue. From the revolution of 1688 until 1789 the Roman Catholics had no place of worship here; but Birmingham is now a Roman Catholic bishopric. The cathedral of St Chad was built from the designs of A. W. Pugin. At Erdington, towards Sutton Coldfield, is a large Benedictine Abbey (1897) of the Beuron congregation, founded as a monastery in 1876; and in the vicinity, at Oscott, is St Mary's College, where the chapel is a fine example of Pugin's work. Cardinal Newman was superior of the Oratory of St Philip Neri from its foundation in 1851.

Administration

The government of the town resided originally in the high and low bailiffs, both officers chosen at the court of the lord of the manor, and acting as his deputies. The system was a loose one, but by degrees it became somewhat organized, and crown writs were addressed to the bailiffs. In 1832, when the town was enfranchised, they were made the returning officers. .About the beginning of the 19th century, however, a more regular system was instituted, by an act creating a body of street commissioners, who acted for the parish of Birmingham, the hamlets outside its boundaries having similar boards of their own.^ Once in the skin, Restylane works together with the body's own hyaluronic acid and join forces to create volume.
  • Spa Emergency! - Birmingham Spas 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.spaemergency.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We provide short and long stay suites for both leisure and business travellers who want more from their stay in Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The annoyance and difficulty caused by these bodies, thirteen in number, led to a demand for the incorporation of Birmingham as a borough; and a charter was accordingly granted by the crown in 1838, vesting the general government in a mayor, sixteen aldermen and forty-seven councillors. The powers of this body were, however, unusually restricted, the other local governing bodies remaining in existence. It was not until 1851 that an act of parliament was obtained, abolishing all governing authorities excepting the town council, and transferring all powers to this body. Another local act was obtained in 1862, and in 1883 these various acts were combined into the Birmingham Corporation Consolidation Act. In 1889 Birmingham was created a city, and a grant made of an official coat of arms carrying supporters. The title of lord mayor was conferred on the chief magistrate in 1897. The city council consists of eighteen aldermen and fifty-four councillors, selected from eighteen wards; it is divided into seventeen committees, most of which consist of eight members. The corporation is the largest employer of labour in the borough, and is also a large landowner.
The gas, electric and water supplies are in its hands. .The gas supply was taken over in 1875, and the electric in 1900 for £420,000. The local sources of water-supply are the rivers Bourne and Blythe, the Plant Brook and the Perry Stream, and eight deep wells.^ The glass covered well in the restaurant bar is some 35 feet deep and its pure water has been used in the brewing process in the past.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 These works can provide 20 million gallons daily in dry weather. A large area outside the city boundaries is supplied, and in 1891, the demand having risen to nearly 17 millions a day, new sources had to be considered, and it was determined to seek an entirely new supply in Wales. By an act of 1892 power was given to acquire the watershed of the rivers Elan and Claerwen, tributaries of the Wye, lying west of Rhyader in Wales, and to construct the necessary works, the capital authorized being £6,000,000. About £5,900,000 had been spent when, on the 2rst of July 1904, King Edward VII. formally opened the supply. Two reservoirs on the river Elan, formed by masonry dams from 98 to 128 ft. above the river-bed, were then completed, the construction of the three planned on the Claerwen being deferred until necessity should arise. Nearly a mile below the confluence of the rivers the great Caban Coch dam, 122 ft. high, and the same in thickness at the base, and 600 ft. long at the top, holds up the water for over 4 m. in the Elan, and over 2 in the Claerwen, having a capacity of 1500 million gallons.
A series of thirty filter beds is included in the original scheme; and the water travels 73.3 m. from the source to Birmingham by gravity alone with a fall of about 170 ft. The area of the gathering ground is 45,562 acres, the mean annual rainfall in the district being 63 in. The complete scheme provided water for fifty years in advance, and a maximum of 75 million gallons a day was taken into account, in addition to 27 million gallons for compensation water to the river. The part of the works opened in 1904 provided about 27 million gallons of supply daily to the city. The corporation is obliged by the act to supply towns within 15 m. of the line of the aqueduct. A village for the accommodation of workmen was established near the Caban Coch dam; and the corporation adopted a modified form of the Gothenburg system in respect of the supply of intoxicating liquors, permitting no publican to open a licensed house.
The administration of the poor-law is vested in a board of guardians of sixty members for the parish of Birmingham. The parish of Edgbaston (wholly within the borough) is in the poor-law union of King's Norton, and that part of the parish of Aston included in the borough is in the Aston Union. There are three workhouses - that for Birmingham parish, situated at Birmingham Heath, is capable of receiving over 2000 inmates. In 1882 a superintendent relieving officer was appointed, and a system of cross-visitation started for the purpose of checking abuses of outdoor relief. Workhouses, infirmaries and cottage homes are managed by the board, on which women first sat in 1880. The administration of justice was performed from 1838 to 1884 by a court of quarter sessions, with a recorder, and a court of petty sessions. In 1884 Birmingham was made an assize district of Warwickshire. In 1905 a special juvenile offenders' court was initiated. The borough gaol is at Winson Green towards Smethwick. The drainage system is managed by the Birmingham, Tame and Rea District drainage board, constituted in 1877, and consisting of members from the city council and from districts outside the municipal area.
Birmingham was enfranchised in 1832, when two representatives were assigned to it, and Thomas Attwood and Joshua Scholefield, leaders of the Political Union, were elected. In 1867 three members were assigned, and in 1885 the number was increased to seven, and a corresponding number of parliamentary divisions created, namely Bordesley, Central, East, Edgbaston, North, South and West. .By the Provincial Local Government Board Act of 1891 four local board districts were added to the city of Birmingham for local government - Harborne (Staffordshire), Balsall Heath (Worcestershire), Saltley and the rural hamlet of Little Bromwich (Warwickshire).^ The apartments are in the heart of Birminghams vibrant city centre, situated between Brindley Place and the Mailbox and a short stroll from Birminghams financial district and the famous Bullring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Fully furnished and equipped serviced apartments in Harborne, just 2 miles from Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ As Birminghams fantastic renaissance continues; it brings along the landmark Radisson SAS Hotel, adding a stylish twist to the city's skyline.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 These districts were by the act declared to be in the county of Warwick, though still remaining in their respective counties for the exercise of freehold votes. By this act the boundaries of the city were made conterminous for parliamentary, municipal and school board purposes. The area is 12,639 acres.
The population of Birmingham in 1700 was about 15,000. In 1801 it was 73,000, and it increased rapidly through the century. In 1891 it was 478,113 and in 1901, 522,204.

Education

.The oldest educational institution is the grammar school of King Edward VI., founded in 1552 out of the lands of the Gild of the Holy Cross, then of the annual value of £2 1. The endowments now yield upwards of £37,000. The principal school included in the foundation is the boys' high school, held in the building in New Street.^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ A two minute walk from New Street station and adjacent to a 2,000 space NCP car park.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 It has a classical and a modern side, and educates about 50o boys. Adjoining it, in a new building opened in 1896, is a large high school for girls, with 300 pupils. There are also on the foundation seven middle schools, called grammar schools, four for girls and three for boys, situated in different parts of the city, and containing about 1900 pupils altogether. The schools have numerous scholarships tenable at the schools as well as exhibitions to the universities and other places of higher education. Queen's College, founded in 1828 as a school of medicine, subsequently embraced other subjects, though in 1882 only the medical and theological departments were maintained. In 1882 a large part of the scientific teaching, hitherto done by special professors in Queen's College, was taken over by Mason College, and in 1892 the whole medical department was removed to the same institution under an order from the court of chancery. This change helped to advance the Birmingham medical school to a position of high repute. The theological students (Church of England) of Queen's College are few. The idea of developing Queen's College into a university had long existed. .But it was destined to be realized in connexion with Mason College, founded by Sir Josiah Mason in 1870. Subsequent deeds (1874 and 1881) added Greek and Latin to the practical, mechanical and artistic curriculum of the original foundation, and provided that instruction may be given in all such other subjects as the trustees may from time to time judge necessary, while once in every fifteen years the provisions of the deed may be varied to meet changing needs - theology only being definitely excluded.^ Situated in the heart of Shakespeare country, only seven miles from Stratford-upon-Avon, The Kings Court Hotel was originally a Tudor farmhouse which has been extended over the years, some rooms being in the original part of the hotel.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Old Barn maintains much of its original charm whilst providing the business of pleasure traveller with all of the modern conveniences of home.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Car Parking can be arranged £10 per night plus vatSpace needs to be reserved at time of booking with registration number provided.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 In 1897 a new act was passed at the instance of the trustees, creating a court of 180 members, and removing the theological restriction. A measure of popular control is given through the appointment by the city council of five out of the eleven trustees. In 1898 a public meeting carried a resolution in favour of creating a university. It was estimated that a quarter of a million was needed to endow and equip a university on the scale proposed. Including 50,000 offered by Mr Andrew Carnegie, an equal amount from an anonymous donor, and the rest from local subscribers, in the autumn of 1899, 325,000 had been subscribed, and the privy council was at once petitioned for a charter, which was granted. The draft provided for the the incorporation of the university of Birmingham with faculties of science, arts, medicine and commerce, with power to grant degrees, and for its government by a court of governors (of which women may be members), a council and a senate. Mason College was merged in the university. The faculty of commerce constitutes a distinctive feature in the scheme of the university, the object being to bring its teaching into close touch with the industrial life of the city, the district and the kingdom. In 1905 Sir Edward Elgar (who resigned in 1908) became the first occupant of a chair of music, founded owing to the liberality of Mr Richard Peyton. From the same year great strides were made in the development of the scientific departments of the university. A site at Edgbaston was given by Lord Calthorpe, and the erection of a complete and costly set of buildings was undertaken.
The Municipal School of Art was formed by the transference to the corporation in 1885 of the then existing school of art and the society of arts, and by the erection of the building in Margaret Street, the site having already been given and a portion of the cost provided by private donors. There are one central school and two branch schools. Evening classes are also held in some of the provided schools. The Midland Institute, the building of which was founded in 1855, and enlarged subsequently, includes a general literary and an industrial department. A marked development took place in 1885, when, fresh room having been provided by the removal of the school of art hitherto held in the building, the industrial department was greatly enlarged, resulting in the creation of one of the best metallurgical schools in the kingdom. The Municipal Technical School was established in 1893 in the building of the Midland Institute, and in 1895 was housed in a fine building of its own, in Suffolk Street, whither the whole of the scientific teaching of the institute was transferred. It contains metallurgical and engineering workshops and laboratories, lecture theatres for the teaching of chemistry and physics, a women's department, and rooms for the teaching of machine drawing and building con struction. Among other educational foundations may be mentioned a number of industrial schools, reformatories and private schools of a good class.
.The principal libraries are the Birmingham library, founded in 1798 by Dr Priestley, in a modern building, the Central free library, and other free libraries in different parts of the city, each with a lending department and a reading room.^ There are six meeting rooms of different sizes and ample free car parking.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Norfolk Hotel is located only 10 minutes from Birmingham city center and offers Ample free parking.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

Charities

.The general hospital, the foundation of Dr Ash, an eminent local physician, was opened in 1779. The old building was replaced in 1897 by a splendid new one in St Mary's Square, costing £206,000. The Queen's hospital, Bath Row, the other large hospital of the town, was founded in 1840 by W. Sands Cox, F.R.S., an eminent local surgeon, who also founded the Queen's College as a medical school.^ Birmighams Chinese Quarter, one minute from New St station, and a short walk to the Bull Ring.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The general dispensary, the officers of which visit patients at their own homes, relieves about 8000 yearly. The children's hospital (free) established in 1864 by Dr Heslop, has two establishments - for outpatients (a handsome Gothic building) in Steelhouse Lane, and an in-patient department in Broad Street. There is also a women's hospital (free) for the special diseases of women; a lying-in charity; special hospitals for diseases of the eye, the ear, bodily deformities, and the teeth; and a homoeopathic hospital. The parish of Birmingham maintains a large infirmary at the workhouse (Birmingham Heath), and a dispensary for out-patients in Paradise Street. The majority of the hospitals and dispensaries are free. Nearly all these medical charities depend upon subscriptions, donations, legacies and income from invested property. There are two public organizations for aiding the charities, both of which were begun in Birmingham. One is a simultaneous collection in October in churches and chapels, on the Sunday called Hospital Sunday, established in 1859; the other is the Saturday Hospital collection, made by the work-people in March, which was established in 1873. A musical festival is held triennially in aid of the general hospital. There is a sanatorium at Blackwell, near the Lickey Hill, 10 m. south of Birmingham, common to all the hospitals. Amongst the non-medical charities the principal are the blind institution and the deaf and dumb asylum, both at Edgbaston; and Sir Josiah Mason's orphanage at Erdington. There are also in the town numerous almhouses for aged persons, the chief of which are Lench's Trust, the James Charities, and the Licensed Victuallers' asylum. Besides the general benefit societies, such as the Oddfellows', Foresters', &c., which are strongly supported in Birmingham, the work-people have numerous clubs of a charitable kind, and there are several important local provident societies of a general character, with many thousand members.

Commerce

From an early period Birmingham has been a seat of manufactures in metal. Hutton, the historian of the town, claims for it Saxon or even British antiquity in this respect, but without foundation. The first direct mention of Birmingham trades is to be found in Leland's Itinerary (1538). He writes: "I came through a pretty street as ever I entered into Bermingham towne. This street, as I remember, is called Dirtey (Deritend). In it dwell smiths and cutlers. There be many smithes in the towne that use to make knives and all manner of cutlery tooles, and many lorimers that make bittes, and a great many naylors, so that a great part of the towne is maintained by smithes, who have their iron and sea-cole out of Staffordshire." The cutlers no longer exist, this trade having gone to Sheffield; but the smiths remain, and the heavier cutting tools are still largely made here. .The wide importance of Birmingham as a centre of manufactures began towards the close of the 17th century, one great source of it being the absolute freedom of the town, there being no gilds, companies or restrictions of any kind; besides which the easy access to cheap coal and iron indirectly helped the development.^ Easy access to motorways M6M42 and A45 to Birmingham Centre and Coventry and Solihull.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Hotel is situated close to M6 Motorway at Junction 7 and M5 Motorway at Junction 1 with easy access to the International Convention Centre, National Exhibition Centre and Birmingham Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are approximately 3 miles from the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham International Railway Station and close to the M6 and M42 motorways.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 It is remarkable that two important trades, now located elsewhere, were first established here. Steel was made in Birmingham until 1797, but then ceased to be so for about seventy years, when an experiment in steel-making was made by a single firm. Cottonspinning was begun in Birmingham by John Wyatt, Lewis Paul and Thomas Warren as early as 1730; but the speculation was Univer. sity. abandoned before the end of the century. The great staple of Birmingham is metal-working in all its various forms. The chief variety is the brass-working trade. Iron-working, though largely carried on, is a much less important trade, works of this kind being chiefly established in the Staffordshire district. Jewelry, gold, silver and gilt come next to brass. The remarkable development of this branch of industry is demonstrated by the increase in the amount of gold and silver marked, as recorded by the Assay office - the figures of 48,123 oz. of gold and 84,323 oz. of silver in 1870 had been increased to 363,000 oz. of gold and nearly 3,000,000 oz. of silver by the end of the century. Then follow "small arms" of all kinds. Until 1906 a Royal Small Arms factory was maintained by the government at Sparkbrook, but it was then transferred to the Birmingham Small Arms Company, which had already extensive works in the district. Buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and other articles used for dress, constitute a large class of manufactures. Glass, especially table glass, is a renowned staple of the town. Screws, nails, &c., are made in enormous quantities; indeed, Birmingham has a monopoly of the English screw trade. Steel pens are also a specialty, the name best known in this connexion being that of Sir Josiah Mason. Electro-plating, first established in 1841 by the firm of Elkington, is one of the leading trades. Among other branches of manufacture are wire-drawing, bell founding, metal rolling, railway-carriage building (a large and important industry), the manufacture of cutting implements and tools of all kinds, die-sinking, papier-mache making and a variety of others. .In 1897 there was a sudden development of cycle manufacturing, followed in 1899 by an almost equally sudden collapse, but this industry is maintained and accompanied by the manufacture of motor cars, tyres and accessories, for which Birmingham is one of the principal centres in Great Britain.^ The Great Barr Hotel is located in the leafy suburb of Great Barr, a mere 20 minute drive from the centre of Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The National Exhibition Centre (NEC) is one of the busiest of its kind in Europe, staging almost 200 prestigious events annually, including Crufts and the International Motor Show.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham International Airport and the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) are a short journey away by Car, Bus or Train.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
Birmingham may claim as her own the perfection of the steam engine, through the genius of James Watt and the courage of Matthew Boulton. .The memory of the great Soho factory is one of the most precious heritages of the town, and Watt's own private workshop continues just as he left it, with no single article disturbed, carefully preserved in the garret of his house at Heathfield.^ Grimstock Country House Hotel is privately owned and is situated in a rural setting and has its own beautiful grounds and gardens.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This privately owned hotel has 12 individually designed en suite bedrooms which combine carefully considered comfort with touches of luxury.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The mention of Watt and of Soho recalls the memories of distinguished inventors and others who have been connected with Birmingham. Here John Baskerville, the printer, carried on his work. An institution called the Lunar Society, which met each month about the time of full moon, brought together a brilliant company - Watt, Boulton, Joseph Priestley, Josiah Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin, Samuel Parr, Dr William Withering, Richard Lovel1Edgeworth, Sir Joseph Banks, Sir William Herschel, Dr Solander, John Roebuck, James Keir and many others. William Murdock, the inventor of gas, was a Soho man, and first used his invention to light the Soho factory at the peace of Amiens in 1802. The series of inventors is continued by the names of Gillott, Elkington, Chance, Mason and others. Thomas Rickman, the reviver and historian of Gothic architecture, practised as an architect in Birmingham. William Hutton, the antiquary and historian, carried on his bookselling business here. Many of the best engravers were Birmingham men, notably James Tibbitts Willmore and John Pye, the special translators of Turner's marvellous creations. Attwood, Joseph Parkes, John Bright and Joseph Chamberlain speak for Birmingham in the region of politics and statesmanship.
One of the most marked features of social life in Birmingham is the fact that contrasts in the distribution of wealth are less strongly marked than in most other great cities. The distance between the poorest and the richest is bridged over by a larger number of intermediate gradations. Colossal fortunes are few; on the other hand there is a numerous class of rich men. These, however, for the greater part are actually engaged in trade or manufactures, and hold their place in local life rather on account of industry pursued than of wealth possessed. The number of the leisured class, enjoying large incomes without participating in any local industry, is relatively small, but is said to be on the increase. There are many manufacturing companies, but great private firms are also numerous. In regard to labour conditions, the system of small masters holds its own in the manufactures of Birmingham, and shows no signs of extinction. One effect of this condition is that capital and labour are not brought into enmity, and consequently strikes and disputes are infrequent. As regards the condition of the working classes it may be noted that Birmingham was the birthplace of the freehold land and building societies, by which workmen are enabled on easy terms to acquire houses of their own. The risk of an overcrowded population is consequently minimized; the houses, moreover, are generally well situated as regards light and air, and many have small gardens. Among industrial communities where peculiar attention is paid to the housing of workmen and their families, that of Bourneville, occupied by the employes of Messrs Cadbury, chocolate manufacturers, is well known.

History

Owing to its rapid expansion, and the consequent newness of most of the public and other buildings, Birmingham is often supposed to be a modern town. It was, however, in existence as a community in the Saxon period. Proof of this was given in 1309 by William de Bermingham, then lord of the manor, who showed in a law-suit that his ancestors had a market in the place and levied tolls before the Conquest. Some authors have endeavoured to identify the town with the supposed Roman station called Bremenium, but this claim has long been abandoned as fabulous. .A Roman road runs north and south across the site of the town, but no remains have been found other than a very few coins.^ Hollybank is a family run business which lies at the heart of the quiet North Warwickshire town of Coleshill.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The origin of the name is untraceable; the spelling itself has passed through about loo different forms. Dugdale, the historian of Warwickshire, adopts Bromwycham, and regards it as of Saxon derivation. Hutton, the historian of Birmingham, has the fanciful etymology of Brom (broom), wych (a descent), and ham (a home), making together the home on the hill by the heath.
.In Domesday Book Birmingham is rated at four miles of land with half a mile of woods, the whole valued at £203. Two hundred years later the family of de Bermingham, the owners of the place, come into sight, one of them, William, being killed at the battle of Evesham, in 1265, fighting with Simon de Montfort and the barons against Henry III.^ Walsall and only 20 miles from Birmingham Airport and NEC. 20 minute drive into Telford.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The project took almost two years to complete and Pebble Cottage was transformed into the guesthouse it is today.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ William Shakespeare was married in Temple Grafton church in the year 1582 to one Ann Whateley.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The son of this William afterwards took part in the French war, and was made prisoner; his father's estates, forfeited by treason, were restored to him. Thenceforward the family engaged in various local and other offices, but seemingly abstained from politics. They held the place until 1527, when Edward de Bermingham was deprived of his property by means of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, who trumped up a pretended charge of riot and robbery against him and procured Birmingham for himself. On the attainder of Dudley the manor passed to the crown, and was granted to Thomas Marrow, of Berkswell, from whom by marriage and descent it went to Christopher Musgrave, and finally, as regards the only valuable part - the market tolls - by purchase to the town itself. In the Wars of the Roses it does not seem that Birmingham took any part; but energy revived in the Civil War under Charles when the town sided actively with the Parliamentarians. In 1642, when Charles was marching from Shrewsbury to relieve Banbury, the Birmingham people seized part of his baggage, including much plate, money and wine, which they sent to the Parliamentary garrison at Warwick. Before the battle of Edgehill Charles rested for two nights at Aston Hall, near the town, as the guest of Sir Thomas Holte. The Birmingham people resented this by helping the Parliamentarians to cannonade the Hall and to levy a fine upon Sir Thomas Holte. They also supplied the Parliamentary army with 15,000 sword blades, refusing to make a single blade for the Royalists. These manifestations of hostility were avenged in April 1643 by Prince Rupert, who, with 2000 men and several pieces of artillery, attacked the town, planting his cannon on an eminence near Sparkbrook, still known as Camphill. The townspeople resisted, but were beaten, many persons being killed or wounded. Amongst the former was Lord Denbigh, one of the Royalist officers. Having captured the place, Prince Rupert allowed his troops to plunder it, to burn about eighty houses and to set their prisoners to ransom. He also levied a fine of £30,000, equal to at least ioo,000 of the present value of money. This bitter lesson kept Birmingham quiet during the rest of the Civil War, though the sympathies of the people with the Parliamentarians were unabated. In 1665 Birmingham suffered heavy losses by the plague, great numbers of dead being buried in the Pest Field, at Ladywood, then a lonely place far outside the town, but long since thickly covered with buildings. In 1688 the Revolution provoked a temporary outbreak of Protestant feeling. James II. had given timber from the royal forest of Needwood, near Burton, to build a Roman Catholic chapel and convent in a place still called Mass-house Lane. This edifice the mob promptly destroyed when James gave place to William and Mary. .Rather more than a century of quiet prosperity ensued, and then occurred the serious and most lamentable outbreak of popular fury known as the Church and King riots of 1791. For some years there had been much political activity in Birmingham, the dissenters, particularly the Unitarians, being desirous of relief from the political and religious disabilities under which they laboured.^ Situated in the heart of Shakespeare country, only seven miles from Stratford-upon-Avon, The Kings Court Hotel was originally a Tudor farmhouse which has been extended over the years, some rooms being in the original part of the hotel.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are less than 5 minutes drive from junctions 2 and 3 of the M5,20 minutes from Birmingham city centre (the shopping centre of europe) 20 minutes from Dudley zoo and castle and the Blackcountry living museum depending on traffic and so much more!
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham offers style and culture, welcoming visitors with more pride than ever before.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The leader in these movements was the famous Dr Priestley, who kept up an active controversy with the local clergy and others, and thus drew upon himself and his co-religionists the hatred of the more violent members of the Church and Tory party.^ The hotel once played host to J R R Tolkien, who was brought up in the local area.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The smouldering fire broke out on the occasion of the French Revolution. On the 14th of July a dinner of Birmingham Liberals was held at the Royal hotel to celebrate the destruction of the Bastille. This was the signal of a popular outbreak. A Church and King mob, encouraged and organized by leaders of better station, who were too cowardly to show themselves, began an attack upon the Unitarians. .Priestley was not present at the dinner, but his house at Fair Hill, Sparkbrook, was one of the first to be sacked and burnt - his library and laboratory, with all his manuscripts, the records of life-long scientific and philosophical inquiries, perishing in the flames.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 The house and library of Hutton the historian were also destroyed. The Unitarian chapel was burnt, and several houses belonging to members of the sect were sacked and burnt. .The riot continued until a strong body of troops was marched into the town, but before their arrival damage to the amount of more than £60,000 had been done.^ Birmingham offers style and culture, welcoming visitors with more pride than ever before.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Some of the rioters perished in the burning buildings, in the cellars of which they drank themselves into stupefaction. Others were tried and imprisoned, and four of the prisoners were hanged. The persecuted Unitarians recovered a small part of their losses from the county; but Priestley himself, owing in a great measure to the unworthy prejudice against him, was forced to remove to the United States of America, where he spent the rest of his life. A late atonement was made by the town to his memory in 1873, by the erection of a statue in his honour in front of the town hall and the foundation of a Priestley scholarship at the Midland Institute.
As if ashamed of the excesses of 1791, Birmingham thenceforth became, with one or two exceptions, a peaceful town. In the dismal period from 1817 to 1819, when the manufacturing districts were heavily distressed and were disturbed by riots, Birmingham remained quiet. Even when some of the inhabitants were tried and punished for demanding parliamentary representation, and for electing Sir Charles Wolseley as their delegate, there was no demonstration of violence - the wise counsels of the leaders inducing orderly submission to the law. The same prudent course was observed when in the Reform agitation of 1831-1832 the Political Union was formed, under the leadership of Thomas Attwood, to promote the passing of the Reform Bill. Almost the whole town, and great part of the surrounding district, joined in this agitation; vast meetings were held on Newhall Hill; there was much talk of marching upon London oo,000 strong; but, owing to the firmness and statesmanship of Attwood and his associates, there was no rioting or any sign of violence. Ultimately the Political Union succeeded in its object, and Birmingham helped to secure for the nation the enfranchisement of the middle classes and other political reforms. One exception to the tranquillity of the town has to be recorded - the occurrence of riots in 1839, during the Chartist agitation. .Chartism took a strong hold in Birmingham, and, under the influence of Feargus O'Connor and some of his associates, nightly meetings of a threatening character were held in the Bull Ring.^ As if you werent already spoilt for choice, the apartments are also just a stroll away from Birminghams trend setting Bull Ring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ There are direct rail links to Birmingham with the Bull Ring for shopping and theatres and historic Warwick Castle, it is a good base for exploring the area.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The magistrates resolved to put these down, and having obtained the help of a detachment of the metropolitan police - the town then having no local police force - a meeting was dispersed, and a riot ensued, which resulted in injury to several persons and required military force to suppress it. This happened on the 4th of July. .On the i 5th of the same month another meeting took place, and the mob, strongly armed and numbering many thousands, set fire to several houses in the Bull Ring, some of which were burned to the ground and others were greatly damaged.^ As if you werent already spoilt for choice, the apartments are also just a stroll away from Birminghams trend setting Bull Ring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Grimstock Country House Hotel is privately owned and is situated in a rural setting and has its own beautiful grounds and gardens.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Quality Hotel Redditch is a traditional built hotel linked to a peaceful manor house, set in its own beautiful grounds.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The military again interfered, and order was restored, several of the ringleaders being afterwards tried and imprisoned for their share in the disturbance. There was another riot in 1867, caused by the ferocious attacks of a lecturer named Murphy upon the Roman Catholics, which led to the sacking of a street chiefly inhabited by Irishmen; but the incident was comparatively trivial and further disorders were prevented by the prompt action of the authorities.
See W. Hutton, History of Birmingham (2nd ed., Birm., 1783); J. A. Langford, A Century of Birmingham Life, 1741-1841 (Birm., 1868), and Modern Birmingham and its Institutions, 1841-1871 (Birm., 1873); J. T. Bunce, History of the Corporation of Birmingham (Birm., 1885).


Wiktionary

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

Contents

English

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Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ˈbɜː(r)mɪŋəm/ (British), /ˈbɝmɪŋˌhæm/ (US)
  •  Audio (UK)help, file

Proper noun

Birmingham
  1. A city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England.
  2. A city in Alabama, United States.
  3. A city in Michigan, United States.

Translations

  • Greek: Μπέρμινγχαμ
  • Macedonian: Бирмингем (Bírmingem) m.
  • Russian: Бирмингем (Birmingém) m.

Genealogy

Up to date as of February 01, 2010

From Familypedia

City of Birmingham
File:Birmingham Skyline from Bartley Green.jpg
Birmingham's skyline viewed from Bartley Green
Nickname: ""Brum", "Brummagem", "Second City", "Workshop of the World", "City of a Thousand Trades", "Canal City""
Motto: "Forward"
File:EnglandBirmingham.svg
Birmingham shown within England and the West Midlands
Coordinates: 52°28′59″N, 1°53′37″WLatitude: 52°28′59″N
Longitude: 1°53′37″W
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
Region West Midlands
History  
Founded 6th century
Municipal borough 1838
City 1889
Government  
 - Governing body Birmingham City Council
 - Lord Mayor Chauhdry Abdul Rashid JP
 - Deputy Lord Mayor Randal Brew OBE
 - Council Leader Mike Whitby (C)
Population  
 - City (2005 est.) 1,006,500 
(Ranked 1st
)
Time zone Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
 - Summer (DST) British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Postcode B
Website: www.birmingham.gov.uk
.Birmingham (pronunciation file— play in browser, Template:IPAlink-en Template:Respell) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England.^ ARTICLE from the Encyclopædia Britannica England, United Kingdom second largest city of the United Kingdom and a metropolitan borough in the West Midlands metropolitan county.
  • Birmingham (England, United Kingdom) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham Solihull west midlands .
  • Birmingham Acupuncture UK Infertility acupuncture fertility Solihull Birmingham UK 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC acupuncture4infertility.org [Source type: General]

 ^ The city became a county borough in 1889 .
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 .Birmingham is the most populous of England's core cities, and is the second most populated British city after London, with a population of 1,010,200 (2005 estimate).^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The people seem to believe that Birmingham is the "second city" because of being the second largest metropolitan area in England, but at the end of the day, nobody cares .
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This boom continued despite later economic recessions and with a current population of more than a million inhabitants Birmingham remains indisputably Britain's second city.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 .Often considered to be the second city of the United Kingdom[1], the City of Birmingham forms part of the larger West Midlands conurbation, which has a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census)[2] and includes several neighbouring towns and cities, such as Solihull, Wolverhampton and the towns of the Black Country.^ The city is situated in the West Midlands conurbation , of which it forms the largest part.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ The 'Bromwicham' form persists in the name of a town to the west of Birmingham - 'West Bromwich'.
  • Birmingham Brass Makers 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.oldcopper.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham Solihull west midlands .
  • Birmingham Acupuncture UK Infertility acupuncture fertility Solihull Birmingham UK 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC acupuncture4infertility.org [Source type: General]
.The city's reputation was forged as a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution in England, a fact which led to Birmingham being known as "the workshop of the world" or the "city of a thousand trades".[3] Although Birmingham's industrial importance has declined, it has developed into a national commercial centre, being named as the third best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business, and the 21st best in Europe by Cushman & Wakefield in 2007.[4] It is also the fourth most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK.[5] In 1998, Birmingham hosted the G8 summit at the International Convention Centre, on the site of Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, and remains a popular location for conventions today along with the National Exhibition Centre in nearby Solihull.^ Nearby surroundings are crowded with best scenic places of London city for tourists to visit .
  • Cheap Birmingham Hotels, Discount Birmingham Hotels Stay, Birmingham Online Hotels Booking 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels2stay.net [Source type: General]

 ^ Hall Green Hall Green is a suburb of Birmingham about 4 miles from the city centre.

 ^ The city’s symphony orchestra —based at the International Convention Centre’s Symphony Hall—has toured the globe.
  • Birmingham (England, United Kingdom) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [6] .In 2007, Birmingham was ranked as the 55th most livable city in the world, according to the Mercer Index of worldwide standards of living.^ Anyone with a Cadillac Escalade in the city of Birmingham should take necessary precautions in order to prevent their tires from being stolen from their car, according to police.
  • Birmingham News - Topix 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The hall is home to the world famous City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and also plays host to visiting orchestras, celebrity recitals, non-classical acts and top comedians.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ A recent survey by the accounting firm, Ernst & Young, ranked Birmingham as the eighth most affordable housing market among 70 metropolitan areas.
  • Birmingham Regional Chamber of Commerce - Visiting & Living - Moving to Birmingham - Real Estate 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.birminghamchamber.com [Source type: Academic]

 [7]
.People from Birmingham are known as 'Brummies', a term derived from the city's nickname of Brum.^ The people seem to believe that Birmingham is the "second city" because of being the second largest metropolitan area in England, but at the end of the day, nobody cares .
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Its title, "Forward", is also the city's motto and this large fibreglass construction depicts Birmingham people striding towards the future.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The people of Birmingham are known as Brummies, usually in such eloquent addresses as Shut your fucking gob, you ugly fat fucking Brummy Bastard (Prime ministers question time, April 2007) .
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .This comes in turn from the city's dialect name, Brummagem,[8] which is derived from one of the city's earlier names, 'Bromwicham'. There is a distinctive Brummie dialect and accent, both of which differ from the adjacent Black Country.^ Guest rating: 4 / 5 0.07 mile to Centenary Square Birmingham Hotel:The Copthorne Hotel is adjacent to the International Convention Centre and within one mile of the city centre.
  • Birmingham hotels. Find & compare hotels in Birmingham. Book and Save with Hotels.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Names of firms located in the Black Country can be found in the main listing and on the Wolverhampton Historical Society website.
  • Birmingham Brass Makers 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.oldcopper.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This can be remembered at the Ironbridge Gorge Museums and Black Country Museum , both of which provide a fascinating insight into times past.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

Contents

History

Main articles: History of Birmingham, Economic history of Birmingham, and Timeline of Birmingham history
File:1731 Birmingham street plan.jpg
.William Westley's 1731 map of Birmingham.^ Lamb William D Dr Vet - Map 739 Montclair Rd, Birmingham, AL 35213 .

 The top of the map is orientated westwards.
.In the 6th century, Birmingham was an Anglo-Saxon farming hamlet on the banks of the River Rea.^ View all deals for Birmingham Sponsored links * The geographical heart of England, Birmingham started life as a sixth- century Anglo-Saxon village.
  • Birmingham Vacations, Tourism and Birmingham, United Kingdom Travel Reviews - TripAdvisor 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The geographical heart of England, Birmingham started life as a sixth- century Anglo-Saxon village.
  • Birmingham Vacations, Tourism and Birmingham, United Kingdom Travel Reviews - TripAdvisor 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 [9] .The name 'Birmingham' comes from "Breme inga ham", meaning home of the sons (or descendants)of Breme.^ Birmingham Home Once named "The City of 1,001 Trades" , industrial Birmingham has re-invented itself as a prime tourist and business location.
  • Schmap Birmingham Guide 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Candlewood Suites Birmingham 600 Corporate Ridge Drive 9.4 mi Come and experience our new Comforts of Home™ Bedding Collection.
  • Birmingham (Alabama) Hotels: Deals on Hotel Reservations in Birmingham (Alabama), AL 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotelscombined.com [Source type: General]

 [10] .Birmingham was first recorded in written documents by the Domesday Book of 1086 as a small village, worth only 20 shillings.^ In the Domesday book it was recorded as 'Smedeuuich'.

 ^ Aston Aston can be traced back to the Domesday Book of 1086 where it gets a mention as having a mill, a priest and lands consisting of woodland and ploughland.

 ^ Steeped in history and mentioned in the Domesday Book, records show that Birmingham was producing knives and tools as early as 1538.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 [10] There were many variations on this name. Bermingeham is another version.
.In 1166 the holder of the manor of Birmingham, Peter de Birmingham, was granted a royal charter to hold a market in his castle,[11][9] which in time became known as the Bull Ring, transforming Birmingham from a village to a market town.^ The market was called the Bull Ring and was the centre of all activity in what was then a village.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ A settlement at Birmingham came into existence in the year 1154 when Peter de Birmingham obtained a charter to hold a market , a settlement grew up around this market named Birmingham after its founders.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ The recent revamp of Birmingham’s famous Bullring Centre, has re-established that area as the heart of the city, as it became in the early twelfth century under the lordship of Peter de Birmingham.

 .The de Birmingham family continued to be Lords of Birmingham until the 1530s when Edward de Birmingham was cheated out of its lordship by the traitor John Dudley.^ After the Norman conquest of Britain the area passed into the hands of the De Birmingham family (sometimes spelt De Bermingham ) who established a farming estate.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ The De Birmingham's retained control of the area until 1527 , when John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland gained control of the town.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Birmingham continued similar fire missions until 1 August when the island was secured.

 [12]
.As early as the 16th century, Birmingham's access to supplies of iron ore and coal meant that metalworking industries became established.^ From the 16th century onwards Birmingham became a centre of many metalworking industries, with a skilled population of ironmongers.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Birmingham became a Borough in the early 13th century .
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Downtown There are many beautiful examples of early 20th-century architecture remaining from Birmingham's heyday.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 [13]
.By the time of the English Civil War in the 17th century, Birmingham had become an important manufacturing town with a reputation for producing small arms.^ Birmingham also became a centre of arms manufacturing, with guns and swords being produced in the town.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Over the centuries, craftsmen and their small workshops concentrated in the town and its reputation grew.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In the late 18th century the Lunar Society met in Birmingham: a group of the finest minds of the time, dedicated to tackling scientific and philosophical questions.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 .Arms manufacture in Birmingham became a staple trade and was concentrated in the area known as the Gun Quarter.^ By 1639, Birmingham was manufacturing arms and supplied swords to the Parliamentarian side during the Civil War.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Jurys Inn Birmingham 245 Broad Street 2.8 mi Jurys Inn Birmingham is located on Broad Street in the city center, an area known for its vibrant nightlife and many restaurants.
  • Birmingham Hotels: 145 Cheap Birmingham Accommodation Deals 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotelscombined.com [Source type: News]

 ^ And so it happened that Birmingham became "emphatically the town of 'free trade'," where practically no restrictions, commercial or municipal, were known" (Timmins 1866, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [14] .During the Industrial Revolution (from the mid-18th century onwards), Birmingham grew rapidly into a major industrial centre and the town prospered.^ When James Watt and Mathew Bolton perfected the design of the steam engine, in the late 18th century, Birmingham's proximity to the coal and iron deposits in north Warwickshire, quickly enabled it to become the principal centre of commerce and industry.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ A city with an area of 267.77 sq km situated on the Birmingham plateau, and which has developed as a major industrial and tourist center is the city of Birmingham in England.
  • Cheap Birmingham Hotels, Discount Birmingham Hotels Stay, Birmingham Online Hotels Booking 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels2stay.net [Source type: General]

 ^ There was every indication then to the settlers that the little town would continue to grow into a thriving industrial center; accordingly, they felt it appropriate to name their town after Birmingham, England, which was even then a major manufacturing metropolis.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 .During the 18th century, Birmingham was home to the Lunar Society, an important gathering of local thinkers and industrialists.^ In the late 18th century the Lunar Society met in Birmingham: a group of the finest minds of the time, dedicated to tackling scientific and philosophical questions.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Soho House was the meeting place of the Lunar Society, a group of important scientists, engineers and thinkers, whose members included Josiah Wedgwood and Erasmus Darwin (grandfather of Charles Darwin).
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ In 1873 the rich local industrialist Joseph Chamberlain became the city’s mayor, and during his three-year tenure he initiated important reforms, among them sweeping slum and city-centre redevelopment schemes.
  • Birmingham (England, United Kingdom) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [15]
File:Brindleyplace Birmingham.jpg
.The BCN Main Line canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations at Brindleyplace.^ Nightlife and entertainment are on the doorstep and New Street main line station is opposite that provides easy access to Birmingham Airport and the main line networks.
  • BIRMINGHAM HOTELS & Special Offers : UK Hotel Finder : UK Hotel + Rail Breaks 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.travel-uk.org [Source type: News]

 ^ From "The Birmingham Lads," written by Birmingham's own Poet (John) Freeth, upon the opening of the main Birmingham Canal in 1769.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In 1838 Robert Stephenson engineered the London-Birmingham railway line, which would supersede the canal trade-link to the capital.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 Birmingham has more canal mileage than any other city in the world.
.By the 1820s, an extensive canal system had been constructed, giving greater access to natural resources to fuel to industries.^ In the late 18th and early 19th century Birmingham became a centre of the canal system, which greatly aided its industrial growth.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 .Railways arrived in Birmingham in 1837 with the arrival of the Grand Junction Railway, and a year later, the London and Birmingham Railway.^ In 1838 Robert Stephenson engineered the London-Birmingham railway line, which would supersede the canal trade-link to the capital.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In the 1830s the Grand Junction Railway (linking onwards to Liverpool and Manchester ) and the London and Birmingham Railway were built and Birmingham New Street station soon became the hub of the railway network.
  • Birmingham - Free Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.wacklepedia.com [Source type: News]

 ^ But that, of course, was still not space enough to accommodate Boulton's grand ambitions, which is why he began building the Soho works a few years later.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .During the Victorian era, the population of Birmingham grew rapidly to well over half a million[16] and Birmingham became the second largest population centre in England.^ Birmingham is also known to be the centre for chavs in england.
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The people seem to believe that Birmingham is the "second city" because of being the second largest metropolitan area in England, but at the end of the day, nobody cares .
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This boom continued despite later economic recessions and with a current population of more than a million inhabitants Birmingham remains indisputably Britain's second city.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 .Birmingham was granted city status in 1889 by Queen Victoria.^ By Royal decree, everything in Birmingham must be 33% less polluted than London in order to fit it's status as England's third most polluted city.
  • Birmingham - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The reason that the Bullring has featured so prominently in Derby, is because it is where the town really began, later deemed a city by Queen Victoria towards the end of the nineteenth century.

 ^ Stone lamps and statues of sphinxes adorn the grounds, as does a statue of Queen Victoria.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 [17] The city established its own university in 1900.[18]
File:Newstreetold.jpg
The Victorian New Street Station
.Birmingham was originally part of Warwickshire, but expanded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, absorbing parts of Worcestershire to the south and Staffordshire to the north and west.^ Downtown There are many beautiful examples of early 20th-century architecture remaining from Birmingham's heyday.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 ^ When James Watt and Mathew Bolton perfected the design of the steam engine, in the late 18th century, Birmingham's proximity to the coal and iron deposits in north Warwickshire, quickly enabled it to become the principal centre of commerce and industry.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Visit the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, to discover the skill of the jeweller's craft and take a tour of an original factory, preserved as it was at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 .The city absorbed Sutton Coldfield in 1974, however many of the people of Sutton Coldfield still consider themselves separate from Birmingham.^ At Sutton Coldfield is Sutton Park National Nature Reserve, with 2,400 acres of natural beauty, woodlands, heaths, wetland and pools attracting many species of wildlife.
  • Birmingham, West Midlands Tourist Information on AboutBritain.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.aboutbritain.com [Source type: News]

 ^ The historic core of Birmingham, along with Edgbaston and northern neighbourhoods such as Sutton Coldfield, Erdington, and Sheldon, lies in the historic county of Warwickshire .
  • Birmingham (England, United Kingdom) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham is composed of many neighborhoods and outlying areas, several of which are separate cities with their own governments and school systems.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 .At the same time Birmingham became a metropolitan borough in the new West Midlands county.^ Jul 2009: Birmingham and the West Midlands have quietly been making their mark on the contemporary arts map.
  • Birmingham | Travel | guardian.co.uk 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 ^ Broadway Plaza, 220 Ladywood Middleway, Birmingham, West Midlands, B16 8LP .
  • Birmingham Hotels, for Hotels in Birmingham UK 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.city-visitor.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Brindleyplace, Birmingham, West Midlands, B1 2HW .
  • Birmingham Hotels, for Hotels in Birmingham UK 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.city-visitor.com [Source type: Academic]

 .Up until 1986, the West Midlands County Council was based in Birmingham City Centre.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Walking route: Birmingham city centre .
  • Birmingham | Travel | guardian.co.uk 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
File:Birmingham in 1886.jpg
Birmingham in 1886.
.Birmingham suffered heavy bomb damage during World War II's "Birmingham Blitz", and the city was extensively redeveloped during the 1950s and 1960s.^ The building was demolished in 1950, having been badly damaged by bombs during World War II. .
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham (CL-62) was awarded eight battle stars for her World War II service.

 ^ The hall is home to the world famous City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and also plays host to visiting orchestras, celebrity recitals, non-classical acts and top comedians.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 [19] This included the construction of large tower block estates, such as Castle Vale in Erdington. .The Bull Ring reconstructed and New Street station was redeveloped.^ Nightlife and entertainment are on the doorstep and New Street main line station is opposite that provides easy access to Birmingham Airport and the main line networks.
  • BIRMINGHAM HOTELS & Special Offers : UK Hotel Finder : UK Hotel + Rail Breaks 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.travel-uk.org [Source type: News]

 ^ The new Bull-Ring shopping centre is only a 10 minute walk away.
  • BIRMINGHAM HOTELS & Special Offers : UK Hotel Finder : UK Hotel + Rail Breaks 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.travel-uk.org [Source type: News]

 ^ Britannia Hotel ( Birmingham ) The hotel is in the heart of Birmingham surrounded by major stores, designer shops, jewellery quarter and the new Bull Ring Centre.
  • BIRMINGHAM HOTELS & Special Offers : UK Hotel Finder : UK Hotel + Rail Breaks 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.travel-uk.org [Source type: News]

 .In recent years, Birmingham has been transformed, with the construction of new squares like Centenary Square and Millennium Place.^ Centenary Square is the focal point of Birmingham's New Year's Eve celebrations, which involve a huge firework display every year.
  • Schmap Birmingham Guide 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Guest rating: 4 / 5 0.07 mile to Centenary Square Birmingham Hotel:The Copthorne Hotel is adjacent to the International Convention Centre and within one mile of the city centre.
  • Birmingham hotels. Find & compare hotels in Birmingham. Book and Save with Hotels.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Nov 13, 2009 “ NEED NEW HOUSEKEEPING ” Sep 4, 2009 Hyatt Place Birmingham / Inverness Hotel photos .
  • Birmingham Hotels: Read Birmingham Hotel Reviews and Compare Prices - TripAdvisor 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 .Old streets, buildings and canals have been restored, the pedestrian subways have been removed, and the Bull Ring shopping centre[20] has been completely redeveloped.^ It was a short walk to the centre of Birmingham and just around the corner from the Mailbox with the designer shops and canal with restaurants and bars.
  • Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre (Birmingham, United Kingdom) - Hotel Reviews - TripAdvisor 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Guest rating: 4.7 / 5 0.08 mile to Five Ways Clock Birmingham Hotel:The Birmingham Marriott is housed in a restored Edwardian building located three miles from the Bull Ring in Birmingham's city...
  • Birmingham hotels. Find & compare hotels in Birmingham. Book and Save with Hotels.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotels.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Paragon Hotel ( Birmingham ) The Paragon Hotel is a tastefully restored Grade II Listed building located less than 1 mile from New Street Station and Birmingham's vibrant, cosmopolitan city centre which offers a wide variety of shops, bars, nightclubs and restaurants.
  • BIRMINGHAM HOTELS & Special Offers : UK Hotel Finder : UK Hotel + Rail Breaks 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.travel-uk.org [Source type: News]
.In the decades following The Second World War, the population of Birmingham changed dramatically, with immigration from the Commonwealth of Nations and beyond.^ This boom continued despite later economic recessions and with a current population of more than a million inhabitants Birmingham remains indisputably Britain's second city.
  • Schmap Birmingham Historical Background 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.schmap.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham (CL-62) was awarded eight battle stars for her World War II service.

 ^ Horrible Histories - Frightful First World War & Woeful Second World War - June 9th to 13th - educational .

 [21] .The population peaked in 1951 at 1,113,000 residents.^ Destination of the Day Phuket , Thailand Resident population: 320,000 Annual visitors: 5,000,000 (est.
  • Birmingham Hotels: Read Birmingham Hotel Reviews and Compare Prices - TripAdvisor 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 [16]

Geography

File:Birmingham -UK -Skyline.jpg
.View across the south east of the city towards the Five Ways and Broad Street areas of Birmingham City Centre
Birmingham is situated just to the west of the geographical centre of England on the Birmingham Plateau - an area of relatively high ground, ranging around 500 to 1,000 feet (150-300 m) above sea level and crossed by Britain's main north-south watershed between the basins of the Rivers Severn and Trent.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ New Street, Birmingham, West Midlands, England (0.6 miles, 0.9 km) We are a city centre hotel in the heart of Birmingham!

 ^ An Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham city Centre, situated in the heart of Birmingham .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .To the south and west of the city lie the Lickey Hills,[22] Clent Hills and Walton Hill, which reach 1,033 feet (315 m) and have extensive views over the city.^ A VIEW FROM THE SOUTH– BIRMINGHAM CITY vs NOTTINGHAM FOREST .

 .Birmingham is located in the centre of the West Midlands region of England.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ Aston Locks, Chester Street, Birmingham, West Midlands, England (0.4 miles, 0.7 km) This contemporary, canal side hotel provides comfortable and convenient accommodation within easy reach of the NEC, ICC and the city centre.

 ^ Westley Rd, Acocks Green, Birmingham, West Midlands, England (3.9 miles, 6.2 km, direction SE) A delightful Country House style hotel located 10 minutes from Birmingham city centre, icc, nec and airport This friendly hotel provides 37 well equipped bedrooms.
Much of the area now occupied by the city was originally a northern reach of the ancient Forest of Arden, whose former presence can still be felt in the city's dense oak tree-cover and in the large number of districts such as Moseley, Saltley and Hockley with names ending in "-ley": an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "woodland clearing".[23]

Geology

.Geologically, Birmingham is dominated by the Birmingham Fault which runs diagonally through the city from the Lickey Hills in the south west, passing through Edgbaston, the Bull Ring and Erdington, to Sutton Coldfield in the north east.^ Birmingham has changed rapidly over the past ten or twenty years when the city was still dominated by the concrete monstrosity that the Bullring centre had become.

 ^ Free dating home page UK dating site West-Midlands dating Birmingham dating Dating in the cities of West Midlands state: .
  • Birmingham dating site - free online dating in Birmingham 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC www.loveawake.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The towns of Henley in Arden, Leamington Spa and Warwick are all close by and within a 30 minute drive are the cities of Coventry and Birmingham, the latter which now boasts the Bull Ring Centre which is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [24] To the south and east of the fault the ground is largely softer Keuper Marl, interspersed with beds of Bunter pebbles and crossed by the valleys of the Rivers Tame, Rea and Cole along with their tributaries.[25] Much of this would have been laid down during the Permian and Triassic eras.[24] .To the north and west of the fault, varying from 150 to 600 feet (45-180 m) higher than the surrounding area and underlying much of the city centre, lies a long ridge of harder Keuper Sandstone.^ Unlike other rebuilt city centres, the area has great train and bus links and more than 3,000 parking spaces.

 ^ The remodelled city centre now has some of the best shopping around with covered shopping arcades and a large, pedestrianised shopping area.

 ^ New Street, Birmingham, West Midlands, England (0.6 miles, 0.9 km) We are a city centre hotel in the heart of Birmingham!

 [26][27]

Climate

.The climate in Birmingham is classified as a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with average maximum temperatures in summer (July) being around 20°C (68°F); and in winter (January) is around 4.5°C (40°F).^ Spring Internship & Summer Job Fair Wednesday, January 20, 2010 Auburn Univ.

 .Extreme weather is rare but the city has been known to experience tornados - the most recent being in July 2005 in the south of the city, damaging homes and businesses in the area.^ Besides being home to several banks, this area also played its part in Birmingham's commercial coinage episodes.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ City of Birmingham sued over demolition of fire-damaged home in North Avondale - Breaking News from The Birmingham News - al.com Site Search Search Local Business Listings Find Businesses & Local Listings » .
  • City of Birmingham sued over demolition of fire-damaged home in North Avondale - Breaking News from The Birmingham News - al.com 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC blog.al.com [Source type: General]

 ^ All bedrooms and suites are non smoking and after 01st July 2007 all areas of the Hotel will also be non smoking to comply with recent legislation.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [28]
Occasional summer heatwaves, such as the one experienced in July 2006 have become more common in recent years, and winters have become milder since the 1990s with snow becoming much less frequent. .Similar to most other large cities, Birmingham has a considerable 'urban heat island' effect.^ There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation.
  • Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.africa.upenn.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States.
  • Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.africa.upenn.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Use our interactive Birmingham home price map to view real estate activity across Birmingham ZIP codes and in other cities nearby Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Real Estate & Birmingham Homes For Sale — Trulia.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.trulia.com [Source type: General]

 [29] .During the coldest night recorded in Birmingham (14 January 1982), for example, the temperature fell to -20.8°C (-5.4°F) at Birmingham International Airport on the city's eastern edge, but just -12.9°C (8.8°F) at Edgbaston, near the city centre.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ Comfortable modern hotel is situated less than a mile from the city centre and is convenient for the ICC, NEC and Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [30] .Relative to other large UK conurbations, Birmingham is a snowy city, due to its inland location and comparatively high elevation.^ Centrally located in Birmingham's city centre.

 ^ Traditionally an industrial city, Birmingham has developed into a high-profile business location partly due to its excellent access to and from the rest of the United Kingdom.
  • Birmingham, England Hotels and Birmingham, England City Guide - Hotel Reservations, Restaurants, Maps, Weather and Transport Information 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldexecutive.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Ramada Hotel City Centre Birmingham 160 Wharfside Street, The Mailbox 2.5 mi The Ramada Hotel City Centre Birmingham is located in the middle of the Mailbox, an entertainment district in the heart of Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Hotels: 145 Cheap Birmingham Accommodation Deals 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.hotelscombined.com [Source type: News]

 [30] Snow showers often pass through the city via the Cheshire gap on North Westerly airstreams, but can also come off the North Sea from North Easterly airstreams.[30]
Weather averages for Birmingham
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average high °C (°F) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 6.0 (43) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 6.2 (43) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 8.9 (48) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 11.9 (53) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 15.3 (60) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 18.8 (66) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 20.6 (69) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 20.1 (68) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 17.6 (64) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 13.8 (57) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 9.2 (49) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 7.1 (45)
Average low °C (°F) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 0.3 (33) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 0.1 (32) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 1.5 (35) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 3.3 (38) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 6.0 (43) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 9.2 (49) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 11.1 (52) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 10.8 (51) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 8.8 (48) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 6.2 (43) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 2.9 (37) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colt" | 1.3 (34)
Precipitation mm (inch) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 56 (2.2) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 48 (1.9) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 52 (2) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 48 (1.9) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 55 (2.2) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 57 (2.2) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 47 (1.9) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 67 (2.6) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 54 (2.1) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 53 (2.1) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 59 (2.3) style="Template:Infobox Weather/colp" | 66 (2.6)
Source: United Nations World Meteorological Organization[31] 2007-08-26

Nearby places

  • Atherstone
  • Bedworth
  • Bromsgrove
  • Cannock
  • Coleshill
  • Coventry
  • Droitwich
  • Dudley
  • Halesowen
  • Hinckley
  • Kenilworth
  • Kidderminster
  • Lichfield
  • Nuneaton
  • Oldbury
  • Redditch
  • Royal Leamington Spa
  • Rugby
  • Solihull
  • Stafford
  • Stourbridge
  • Stratford-upon-Avon
  • Tamworth
  • Telford
  • Warwick
  • Walsall
  • West Bromwich
  • Wolverhampton
  • Worcester

Demographics

Religion Percentage of
population
Buddhist 0.3%
Christian 59.1%
Hindu 2%
Jewish 0.2%
Muslim 14.3%
Sikh 2.9%
No religion 12.4%
No answer 8.4%
Main article: Demographics of Birmingham
.Birmingham is an ethnically and culturally diverse city.^ Birmingham is a burgeoning city, offering a world-class cultural scene, extensive shopping, famous nightlife and a seemingly endless supply of international events and exhibitions.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 In 2005 the ONS estimated that 67.8% of the population was White (including 2.7% Irish & 2.1% Other White), 20.4% Asian or Asian British, 6.6% Black or Black British, 1.1% Chinese, 3.1% of mixed race and 1.1% of other ethnic heritage.[32] 57% of primary and 52% of secondary pupils are from non-white British families.[33] 16.5% of the population was born outside the United Kingdom.
The population density is 9,451 inhabitants per square mile (3,649/km²) compared to the 976.9 inhabitants per square mile (377.2/km²) for England. Females represented 51.6% of the population whilst men represented 48.4%. More women were 70 or over.[34] 60.4% of the population was aged between 16 and 74, compared to 66.7% in England as a whole.[35]
.60.3% of households were found to be owner occupied and 27.7% were rented from either the city council, housing association or other registered social landlord.^ The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House, and Sarehole Mill, a popular attraction for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Music and the eMusic logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks in the USA or other countries.
  • Britten on Film mp3s, Britten on Film music downloads, Britten on Film songs from eMusic.com 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC www.emusic.com [Source type: General]

 The remaining 11.8% of households were rented privately or lived rent free.[35]
.The Bimingham Larger Urban Zone, a Eurostat measure of the functional city-region approximated to local government districts, has a population of 2,357,100 in 2004.[36] In addition to Birmingham itself, the LUZ includes the Metropolitan Boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull and Walsall, along with the districts of Lichfield, Tamworth, North Warwickshire and Bromsgrove.^ Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ View our Birmingham real estate guide to see average listing prices, sale prices and information for local school districts.
  • Birmingham Real Estate & Birmingham Homes For Sale — Trulia.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.trulia.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Birmingham toy district as it was during the 18th-century token episode The red dots show approximate mint locations.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [37]

Places of interest

See also: Places of interest in Birmingham[38]
File:BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg
Barber Institute of Fine Arts
.The Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is the main art gallery and museum in Birmingham.^ The Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is the main art gallery and museum in Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Local attractions include great shopping, great nightlife, fantastic sporting venues and not forgetting all the parks, museums and art galleries.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In the summer the Birmingham Museum of Art has \Art on the Rocks\ which includes drinks and a band.
  • Birmingham Hotels, Vacations and Tourism, Birmingham, AL Travel Guide - AOL Travel 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.aol.com [Source type: General]

 .It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones.^ It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The displays here also contain Thomason's collection of medal dies, which is said to be the largest in Europe save for that belonging to the King of France.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 .The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House, and Sarehole Mill, a popular attraction for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien.^ The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House, and Sarehole Mill, a popular attraction for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideally located in the heart of the City Centre situated in close proximity to Theatres, Museums, Galleries, Jewellery Quarter, National Sea Life Centre, ICC, Symphony Hall and the National Indoor Arena as well as the vibrant Night Life.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Such attractions include the ICC, Symphony Hall, NIA, Broad Street and Chinatown, which are all located within a few minutes walk.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Thinktank in the Eastside is one of the newest museums in the city, replacing the former Science & Industry Museum in Newhall Street.^ Thinktank in the Eastside is one of the newest museums in the city, replacing the former Science & Industry Museum in Newhall Street.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Continuing one more block along Great Charles Street, beyond the Newhall-Street rise, we eventually return to Church Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Let us then enter the toy district proper, proceeding down Newhall Street one block, and turning left on to Little Charles Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last surviving court of back-to-back houses in the city.^ The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last surviving court of back-to-back houses in the city.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Located in the heart of leafy Edgbaston, The Cavalier House Hotel is just minutes away from the hustle and bustle of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Asquith House is a delightful Victorian property that is fully modernised and is situated amongst the leafy lanes od edgbaston, mintues away from Birmingham city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [39]
.The Barber Institute of Fine Arts is both an art gallery and concert hall.^ Barber Institute of Fine Arts is both an art gallery and concert hall.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Attractions such as Cadbury World, The Botanical Gardens and the Barber Insitute of Fine Arts are just a short distance away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Castle Fine Art Gallery - Birmingham .
  • Visit Birmingham - The Official Website for Birmingham - What's On 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC whatson.visitbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.^ It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [40] .Cadbury World is a museum showing visitors the stages and steps of chocolate production and the history of chocolate and the company.^ Cadbury World is a museum showing visitors the stages and steps of chocolate production and the history of chocolate and the company.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ If you're not watching your weight, follow your nose to Cadbury World; the only purpose-built visitor attraction devoted entirely to chocolate.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Exhibitions & Events like the world famous Chelsea Flower Show, Museums, Galleries, Consumer/Trade Exhibitions and other special events.
  • Exhibition tickets, galleries, museums, consumer and trade exhibitions and the Chelsea Flower Show | Keith Prowse USA 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.keithprowse.com [Source type: General]
File:Victoria Square at Night.jpg
Victoria Square at night
.There are over 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of parkland open spaces in Birmingham.^ There are over 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of parkland open spaces in Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [41] .The largest of the parks is Sutton Park covering 2,400 acres (970 ha) making it the largest urban nature reserve in Europe.^ The largest of the parks is Sutton Park covering 2,400 acres (970 ha) making it the largest urban nature reserve in Europe.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [42] .Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre.^ The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The property borders BirminghamFazeley Canal and is close to Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre.^ The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Woodgate Valley Country Park is in Bartley Green and Quinton.^ Woodgate Valley Country Park is in Bartley Green and Quinton.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]
.The city centre consists of numerous public squares including Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square.^ The city centre consists of numerous public squares including Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The injunction was consistent with the strong interest of the city government in regulating the use of its streets and other public places.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Brindleyplace also consists of three squares and the National Sea Life Centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 .The historic Old Square is located on Corporation Street.^ The historic Old Square is located on Corporation Street.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Editor's Preface The World's Toyshop From the Old Square Down Cherry Street Around St. Philip's The Prospect at Newhall .
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham, being located within the Bullring Shopping Centre.^ Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham, being located within the Bullring Shopping Centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although Birmingham's industrial importance has declined, it has developed into a national commercial centre, being named as the third best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business, and the 21st best in Europe by Cushman & Wakefield in 2007.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The apartments are in the heart of Birminghams vibrant city centre, situated between Brindley Place and the Mailbox and a short stroll from Birminghams financial district and the famous Bullring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Brindleyplace also consists of three squares.^ Brindleyplace also consists of three squares and the National Sea Life Centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]
File:Birmingham St Philip's Cathedral.jpg
St Philip's Cathedral from the rear
.Due to Birmingham's diverse population, there is a diverse variety of religious buildings in the city.^ Relieved by Salt Lake City (CL-25) on 5 February, Birmingham sailed for Ulithi and anchored there three days later.

 ^ The City of Birmingham has a population of 1,006,500 (2006 estimate).
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 .St Philip's was upgraded from church to cathedral status in 1905. Another cathedral in the city is St Chad's, which is the seat of the Roman Catholic Province of Birmingham.^ Although it will one day be Birmingham's cathedral, St. Philip's is only a church at present.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Crossing Bull Street, we make our way uphill along Temple Row, toward St. Philip's church.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Another former St. Paul's Square toymaker, John Lilly, was invited to bid on the Birmingham Workhouse commission, but did not end up making any workhouse tokens.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .St Martin in the Bull Ring is a Grade II* listed church.^ This stunning Grade II listed building, built in 1854 is a modern, contemporary designed hotel, offering luxurious surroundings.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Crossing Bull Street, we make our way uphill along Temple Row, toward St. Philip's church.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmighams Chinese Quarter, one minute from New St station, and a short walk to the Bull Ring.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 There is also a variety of non-Christian religions in the city. .In the 1960s, Birmingham Central Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Europe, was constructed for the Muslim community of the city.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Joe Hart can be England's number one at the World Cup - Birmingham City manager Alex McLeish .

 ^ The towns of Henley in Arden, Leamington Spa and Warwick are all close by and within a 30 minute drive are the cities of Coventry and Birmingham, the latter which now boasts the Bull Ring Centre which is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [43] .However, during the late 1990s a mosque in the Sparkhill area close to the city centre was re-developed in partnership with the Birmingham City Council to supersede the Birmingham Central Mosque as the largest Mosque in the city.^ The property borders BirminghamFazeley Canal and is close to Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham is composed of many neighborhoods and outlying areas, several of which are separate cities with their own governments and school systems.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 It holds a larger capacity and a fully functional segregated women's section. As its centrepiece is a dome. .The new mosque is generally home to the Kashmiri-Pakistani population which made Birmingham its home during the late 1960s.^ During this action, a Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeke made single a pass at one of Birmingham s spotting planes.

 ^ This massage is recommended for all horses, but is specifically recommended for horses that are new to massage or that have trouble standing still during grooming or handling in general.
  • Spa Emergency! - Birmingham Spas 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.spaemergency.com [Source type: General]
See also: Religion in Birmingham.

Economy

File:ColmoreRowBirmingham.jpg
Colmore Row in Birmingham's Business District.
Main article: Economy of Birmingham
.Although Birmingham grew to prominence as a manufacturing and engineering centre, its economy today is dominated by the service sector, which in 2003 accounted for 78% of the city's economic output and 97% of its economic growth.^ It is also the fourth most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK. In 1998, Birmingham hosted the G8 summit at the International Convention Centre, the birthplace of exhibitions in 1850 and remains a popular location for conventions today.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [44]
.Two of Britain's "big four" banks were founded in Birmingham - Lloyds Bank (now Lloyds TSB) in 1765[45] and the Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank plc) in 1836[46] - and today the city employs 108,000 in banking, finance and insurance.^ Fifty-one percent of the jobs held in Birmingham (2000) are in the service sector, followed by finance/insurance/real estate (19 percent) and retail trade (17 percent).
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham's Bank of Savings, founded just two years ago and already boasting more than 2,000 accounts worth over £38,000.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham's oldest bank, Taylors & Lloyds, was founded by the second Sampson Lloyd and by John Taylor (concerning whom more anon) on Dale End in 1765.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [47] .In 2007, Cushman & Wakefield stated that Birmingham was the third best place in the United Kingdom to locate a business, and the 21st best in Europe.^ Located right in the heart of Birmingham and close to a great selection of theatres, cafes and restaurants, this is the perfect destination for both business and leisure travellers.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Britannia Hotel Birmingham provides the ideal location whether you are here for leisure or business purposes.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The United States Commission on Civil Rights found continuing abuse of civil rights protesters by the Birmingham police, including use of dogs, clubs, and firehoses.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 [4]
Tourism is also an increasingly important part of the local economy. .With major facilities such as the International Convention Centre and National Exhibition Centre the Birmingham area accounts for 42% of the UK conference and exhibition trade.^ Easy access to and from the National Exhibition Centre via Birmingham International train station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ NATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE, B40 1PP .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It is also the fourth most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK. In 1998, Birmingham hosted the G8 summit at the International Convention Centre, the birthplace of exhibitions in 1850 and remains a popular location for conventions today.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [6] The city's sporting and cultural venues attract large numbers of visitors.
File:2009 Jaguar XF DC.JPG
The Jaguar XF, made by Jaguar Cars at Castle Bromwich.
.With an annual turnover of £2.2bn, Birmingham city centre is the UK's second largest retail centre,[48] with the country's busiest shopping centre - the Bullring[49] - and the largest department store outside London - House of Fraser on Corporation Street.^ Birmingham is the largest of England's core cities, and is the second city of the United Kingdom.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham, being located within the Bullring Shopping Centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It is also the fourth most visited city by foreign visitors in the UK. In 1998, Birmingham hosted the G8 summit at the International Convention Centre, the birthplace of exhibitions in 1850 and remains a popular location for conventions today.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [50] .The City also has one of only four Selfridges department stores, and the second largest branch of Debenhams in the country.^ The newly opened Bullring housing over 200 stores, including Selfridges and Debenhams, is only a minutes walk from the Hotel.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ For those keen on retail therapy, your shopping bliss extends to the array of excellent shops, boutiques and department stores such as Selfridges are not to be missed!
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [49] In 2004 the city was ranked as the third best place to shop in the United Kingdom, behind the West End of London and Glasgow, being described as a "world-class shopping centre".[51]
.Despite the decline of manufacturing in the city several significant industrial plants remain, including Jaguar Cars in Castle Bromwich and Cadbury Trebor Bassett in Bournville.^ Even now, despite a decline in the industry since the introduction of covered "Florentine" buttons a decade ago, there are at least ten metal button makers here, which is about one-tenth of the city total.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Although the city has seen economic growth greater than the national average in the 21st century[52] the benefits have been uneven, with commuters from the surrounding area obtaining many of the more skilled jobs.^ Birmingham is composed of many neighborhoods and outlying areas, several of which are separate cities with their own governments and school systems.
  • Travel Guide - Birmingham - Southwest Airlines 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.southwest.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Both cottages also have French doors which lead out onto the garden area where you will find beautiful views of the surrounding countryside, views which can be seen throughout each cottage.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation.
  • Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.africa.upenn.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .The two parliamentary constituencies with the highest unemployment rates in the UK - Ladywood and Sparkbrook and Small Heath - are both in inner-city Birmingham.^ The Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City is ideally located for both the leisure and business traveller.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ One thing is for sure what ever you are planning for your break away the Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City is one of the best hotels in Birmingham for both quality and value.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are a small family run Hotel based just north of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [53] Growth has also added to stresses on the city's transport. .Many major roads and the central New Street railway station operate over capacity at peak times.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ A two minute walk from New Street station and adjacent to a 2,000 space NCP car park.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

Politics

Main article: Government of Birmingham
File:Birmingham Council House.jpg
Birmingham City Council House
.Birmingham City Council is the largest local authority in the UK and the largest council in Europe.^ The towns of Henley in Arden, Leamington Spa and Warwick are all close by and within a 30 minute drive are the cities of Coventry and Birmingham, the latter which now boasts the Bull Ring Centre which is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Located in the heart of England, the Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham NEC is in the grounds of the UKs largest convention centre, the National Exhibition Centre, 10 minutes from Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham is the largest of England's core cities, and is the second city of the United Kingdom.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [54] It has 120 councillors representing 40 wards.[55] No single party is in overall control and the council is run by a Conservative/ Liberal Democrat coalition. .Birmingham's eleven parliamentary constituencies are represented in the House of Commons by one Conservative, one Liberal Democrat, one Independent Labour and eight Labour MPs.^ In the 1790s this was one of Birmingham's a prime residential addresses, its fine Georgian brick houses having been especially favored by Quakers.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [56] .Birmingham City Council operates all aspects of the city's workings through its planning and leisure services.^ Welcome to the luxury serviced apartments of Louis Group HOME in the heart of Birminghams vibrant and stylish city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Fully furnished and equipped serviced apartments in Harborne, just 2 miles from Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham is a dynamic and vibrant city that presents world-class business services, excellent shopping and a fantastic nightlife.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The council deals with all planning applications as well as adding designations for locally listed buildings.^ The following table lists every ward, and shows its electorate (as at 2005), and the old and the new parliamentary seats which contain it, as well as the result of a recent local election in the ward.

 ^ High quality, completely refurbished listed building, 12 rooms all en suite, Situated between shakespeare country and nec.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Wikileaks state that a total of 35,000 memberships appear on the list, but after this number reached 33,000, 100,000 has been added to all subsequent membership ID numbers.

 [57]
.Law enforcement in Birmingham is carried out by West Midlands Police, fire and rescue by West Midlands Fire Service and emergency medical care by West Midlands Ambulance Service.^ This city in the West Midlands in England, has grown out as an industrial city during the industrial revolution.
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We also now carry Obagi prescription based skin care under our Medical Director.
  • Spa Emergency! - Birmingham Spas 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.spaemergency.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham NIA Birmingham Formed from the West End cast of the Broadway musical “Beatlemania”, The Bootleg Beatles’ career began at a now long...
  • London theatre tickets, Disney on Broadway, Disneyland attraction tickets, Concerts, Sport, Sightseeing and Tours | Keith Prowse USA 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.keithprowse.com [Source type: General]
  • Exhibition tickets, galleries, museums, consumer and trade exhibitions and the Chelsea Flower Show | Keith Prowse USA 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.keithprowse.com [Source type: General]

 .Birmingham is also the seat of the Government Office for the West Midlands region.^ By the end of the century the West Midlands as a whole had more bank offices per capita than any other part of England, London included (Duggan 1985, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [58]

Transport

File:Birmingham airport arrivals arp.jpg
Terminal 1 Arrivals at Birmingham International Airport
Main article: Transport in Birmingham
.Partly because of its inland central location, Birmingham is a major transport hub on the motorway, rail, and canal networks.^ Being centrally located at the Britannia Hotel Birmingham, you will be within easy access of the motorway networks, NEC, International Convention Centre and the National Indoor Arena.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Because of the central location, you will be able access many of Birminghams key attractions such as the ICC, Symphony Hall, The National Sealife Centre and the National Indoor Arena all of which are approximately a 5 minute taxi ride away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Guests are able to leave the motorway network of central England and be resting in the relaxed setting of the hotel within minutes.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [59] .The city is served by a number of major motorways and probably the best known motorway junction in the UK: Spaghetti Junction.^ The hotel is situated barely 2 miles from the City Centre and just off junction 6 of the M6 motorway.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [60]
.Over the coming months, National Express will be moving their UK headquarters to the city, alongside the newly developed Digbeth Coach Station, which forms the national hub of the company's coach network.^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Located in the heart of England, the Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham NEC is in the grounds of the UKs largest convention centre, the National Exhibition Centre, 10 minutes from Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
.Birmingham International Airport, located in the Borough of Solihull to the east of Birmingham, is the UK's sixth largest airport, third largest for charter traffic and has the second highest proportion of business traffic, behind London Heathrow.^ BIRMINGHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,, B26 3QW .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ BIRMINGHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, B26 3QL .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Located in the heart of England, the Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham NEC is in the grounds of the UKs largest convention centre, the National Exhibition Centre, 10 minutes from Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [61]
File:390029 'City of Stoke-on-Trent' at Birmingham New Street.JPG
.Birmingham-built Pendolino at New Street railway station
Local public transport is by bus, local train and tram.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We have nearby NCP Carparking and Birmingham New Street Station is a 15 minute walk from Aston Business School.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are approximately 3 miles from the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham International Airport and Birmingham International Railway Station and close to the M6 and M42 motorways.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The number 11A and 11C outer circle bus routes are the longest urban bus routes in Europe, being 26 miles (42 km) long[62] with 272 bus stops.[63] .Bus routes are mainly operated by National Express West Midlands, which accounts for over 80% of all bus journeys in Birmingham, however, there are around 50 other, smaller registered bus companies.^ We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom.
  • Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.africa.upenn.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ It is ideally located for the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Airport, Birmingham Business Park and Hams Hall Distribution Park which are all only a 5 minute drive away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Of course you are also in the ideal location to visit the Midlands Cadbury World, West Midlands Safari Park, vibrant Birmingham and the beautiful Worcestershire countryside are all on our doorstep for you to enjoy.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [64] .The extensive bus network allows passengers to travel to and from various districts of the city, while there are longer bus routes which take passengers to areas further afield such as Wolverhampton, Dudley, Walsall, West Bromwich, Halesowen, Stourbridge and the Merry Hill Shopping Centre.^ Ideally located for the business, shopping and entertainment that Birminghams vibrant city centre has to offer, the hotel provides the perfect location from which to explore the city.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are less than 5 minutes drive from junctions 2 and 3 of the M5,20 minutes from Birmingham city centre (the shopping centre of europe) 20 minutes from Dudley zoo and castle and the Blackcountry living museum depending on traffic and so much more!
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The City of Birmingham has a lively, pedestrian friendly downtown offering one of the Midwest's elite shopping districts.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 .The only towns in the West Midlands conurbation that currently lack a direct public transport link with Birmingham areSedgley, Kingswinford, Wednesfield and Willenhall.^ Located in the Midlands only 2 miles from the M42(J10)M6 Toll and accessable to the NEC, Central Birmingham, Birmingham and East Midlands Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ There are direct rail links to Birmingham with the Bull Ring for shopping and theatres and historic Warwick Castle, it is a good base for exploring the area.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Within 500 metres are countless shopping venues, bars, nightclubs and links to the public transport network.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
.The city's main railway station, Birmingham New Street, is at the centre of the national railway network.^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Birmingham Snow Hill station, another major railway station in the city centre, is also a terminus for the Midland Metro which operates between the station and Wolverhampton, also serving the nearby towns of Bilston, Wednesbury and West Bromwich.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Holiday Inn Birmingham Airport is situated on the A45, within 2 miles of Birmingham International Airport, Railway Station and the NEC. Solihull town centre is only 1.5 miles away, while Birmingham city centre is a 10 minute drive from the hotel (8 miles).
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [65] .There are plans to extend the Midland Metro route further into Birmingham city centre.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideally located for the business, shopping and entertainment that Birminghams vibrant city centre has to offer, the hotel provides the perfect location from which to explore the city.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [66] Birmingham has a large rail-based park and ride network that feeds the city centre. see Birmingham Rail Stations
.Birmingham is also notable for its expansive canal system which fed the industry in the city during the Industrial Revolution.^ Just like Venice, Birmingham has got lots of canals, which makes the city very picturesque.
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The city's reputation was forged as a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution in England, a fact which led to Birmingham being known as "the workshop of the world" or the "city of a thousand trades".
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This city in the West Midlands in England, has grown out as an industrial city during the industrial revolution.
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 Canalside regeneration schemes such as Brindleyplace have turned the canals into tourist attractions.

Education

File:BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg
University of Birmingham
Main article: Education in Birmingham
.The city council is England's largest local education authority, directly or indirectly responsible for 25 nursery schools, 328 primary schools, 77 secondary schools[67] and 29 special schools.^ Birmingham is the largest of England's core cities, and is the second city of the United Kingdom.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 [68] It also runs the library service, with 4 million visitors annually,[69] and provides around 3,500 adult education courses throughout the year.[70] The main library is Central Library and there are 41 local libraries in Birmingham, plus a regular mobile library service.[71]
.Most of Birmingham's state schools are community schools run directly by Birmingham City Council in its role as local education authority (LEA).^ Math and reading for the Birmingham district run about 18% above state averages.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 ^ View our Birmingham real estate guide to see average listing prices, sale prices and information for local school districts.
  • Birmingham Real Estate & Birmingham Homes For Sale — Trulia.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.trulia.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We are a small family run Hotel based just north of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 However, there are a large number of voluntary aided schools within the state system. King Edward's School is perhaps the most prestigious independent school in the city. The seven schools of The King Edward VI Foundation are known nationally for setting very high academic standards and all the schools consistently achieve top positions in national league tables. Furthermore, Sutton Coldfield Grammar School for Girls is also a well known and high-achieving grammar school.[72]
File:Matthew Boulton College.jpg
Matthew Boulton College of Further & Higher Education
Sutton Coldfield College merged with North Birmingham College in 2003 and Josiah Mason College in 2006 to form one of the largest further education colleges in the country.[73] Matthew Boulton College is also located in the city and in 2005, the Eastside branch of the college was completed and opened. Joseph Chamberlain College is the only sixth form college in Birmingham and Solihull to have been awarded both Beacon Status and an overall OFSTED grade 1 (Outstanding).[74]
.Birmingham is home to three universities and two university colleges: the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City University, Newman University College[75] and University College Birmingham.^ In 1871, Birmingham was incorporated at the strategic juncture of two rail lines where local deposits of iron and coal would nurture the young city’s iron furnaces.
  • 36 Hours in Birmingham, Ala. - NYTimes.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC travel.nytimes.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Welcome to the luxury serviced apartments of Louis Group HOME in the heart of Birminghams vibrant and stylish city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Home > Alabama > Birmingham Metro Area Browse By Practice Areas Counties Cities Find Birmingham, Alabama Lawyer, Legal Aid & Services Profiles by Practice Area .
  • Birmingham Metro Area, Alabama Attorney Profiles - Birmingham-Hoover Metro Area, Alabama Lawyers - Cornell LII Lawyer Directory 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC lawyers.law.cornell.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [76] .The Birmingham Conservatoire and Birmingham School of Acting, both now part of Birmingham City University, offer higher education in specific arts subjects.^ Ideally located for the business, shopping and entertainment that Birminghams vibrant city centre has to offer, the hotel provides the perfect location from which to explore the city.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The apartments are a great base for both business and leisure travellers, giving easy access to the many attractions that Brindleyplace and Birmingham have to offer.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham has undergone dramatic transformation in recent years and this vibrant and cosmopolitan City offers something for everybody.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .BCU opened the New Technology Institute facility in the Eastside area in 2006.[77] The Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower is a campanile located in Chancellor's court at the University of Birmingham in the West Midlands of England.^ Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ By the end of the century the West Midlands as a whole had more bank offices per capita than any other part of England, London included (Duggan 1985, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 It is the tallest free-standing clock tower in the world.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Birmingham
File:NIA, Birmingham.jpg
The NIA has hosted many national and international sporting championships.
The city has played an important part in the history of sport. It was the first city to be named National City of Sport by the Sports Council.[78] .It is home to two of the country's oldest professional football teams: Aston Villa (1874), founders of the world's first football league in 1888 and Birmingham City (1875).^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Their rivalry with the Aston Villa football club is legendary, so look out for one of these matches because they are a totally unforgettable sports event!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The first connection has to do with Samuel Lloyd III, the son of one of the founders of Birmingham's first bank, who lived at No.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Aston Villa won club football's most coveted prize, the European Cup, in 1982. The Second City derby is an event in which the two clubs play against each other. .Aston Villa have won 50 matches as opposed to Birmingham City's 38 match wins.^ Their rivalry with the Aston Villa football club is legendary, so look out for one of these matches because they are a totally unforgettable sports event!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Aston Villa - Birmingham City Tickets .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 West Bromwich Albion's ground was partially within the city, until a minor boundary change in 1966.
.Birmingham is home to Warwickshire County Cricket Club, whose Edgbaston ground also hosts test matches.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Home > Alabama > Birmingham Metro Area Browse By Practice Areas Counties Cities Find Birmingham, Alabama Lawyer, Legal Aid & Services Profiles by Practice Area .
  • Birmingham Metro Area, Alabama Attorney Profiles - Birmingham-Hoover Metro Area, Alabama Lawyers - Cornell LII Lawyer Directory 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC lawyers.law.cornell.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Foreclosures Home U.S. Foreclosures Alabama Jefferson County Birmingham .
  • Birmingham Foreclosures - Trends and Information at RealtyTrac 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.realtytrac.com [Source type: General]

 The venue was the scene of the highest ever score by a batsman, when Brian Lara scored 501 not out for Warwickshire.[79]. .Birmingham was the host for the first ever Cricket World Cup, a Women's Cricket World Cup in 1973. England beat Australia in the finals.^ The city's reputation was forged as a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution in England, a fact which led to Birmingham being known as "the workshop of the world" or the "city of a thousand trades".
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Pickard also had a hand in building Birmingham's, and the world's, first rotary steam engine, which we'll come to momentarily.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.International track and field meetings take place at Alexander Stadium, the home of Birchfield Harriers which has many international athletes amongst its members.^ Create a FREE account to save searches and track homes (it only takes a minute).
  • Birmingham Real Estate & Birmingham Homes For Sale — Trulia.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.trulia.com [Source type: General]

 .The National Indoor Arena (NIA), opened in 1991,[80] is a major indoor athletics venue, hosting the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships and 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships as well as many WWE wrestling events.^ The apartments are located behind the famous Mailbox, 7 minutes walk from the International Convention Centre (ICC), the National Indoor Arena (NIA) and Broad Street.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Indoor ice-skating is available at the Birmingham Ice Sports Arena, including open skating, lessons and ice hockey groups.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideally located in the heart of the City Centre situated in close proximity to Theatres, Museums, Galleries, Jewellery Quarter, National Sea Life Centre, ICC, Symphony Hall and the National Indoor Arena as well as the vibrant Night Life.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
The first ever game of lawn tennis was played by Major Harry Gem and his friend Augurio Perera in Edgbaston between 1859 and 1865[81] and ATP international tennis is still played at Edgbaston's Priory Club.[82] .Birmingham also has a professional Rugby Union side, Moseley RFC, who play at Billesley Common, and there is professional basketball team, Birmingham Panthers, as well as professional boxing, hockey, skateboarding, stock-car racing, greyhound racing and speedway in the city.^ And if you like other sports as well, get your Birmingham rugby tickets and your Birmingham cricket tickets right here, right now!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ That Muntz was a founding member of the Birmingham Political Union also made him an ideal successor to Thomas Attwood, who resigned in 1839.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ There's little, if any, vacant land in Birmingham, so it is very common for a buyer to buy a small ranch or bungalow and tear it down to build a much bigger home.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

Food & drink

File:The Old Crown Deritend.jpg
The Old Crown pub in Deritend.
Main article: Food & drink in Birmingham
.Birmingham is the only English city outside London to have three Michelin starred restaurants: Simpson's in Edgbaston, Turners in Harborne and Purnell's in the city centre.^ Only 1 14 miles from the city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 [83]
Birmingham based breweries included Ansells, Davenports and Mitchells & Butlers.[84] Aston Manor Brewery is currently the only brewery of any significant size. Many fine Victorian pubs and bars can still be found across the city. The oldest inn in Birmingham is the Old Crown in Deritend (circa 1450). .The city has a plethora of nightclubs and bars, notably along Broad Street.^ Fountain Court is situated close to the city centre, ICC, NIA, Symphony Hall and Broad Street.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [85]
The Wing Yip food empire first began in the city and now has its headquarters in the Chinese Quarter.[86] The Balti was invented in the city, which has received much acclaim for the 'Balti Belt' or 'Balti Triangle'.[87]

Culture and arts

Main article: Arts in Birmingham

Arts

File:Black Sabbath 1999-12-16 Stuttgart.jpg
Black Sabbath, a pioneer band in heavy-metal music, was formed in Birmingham.
File:Bullring, Birmingham (UK).jpg
St Martin's Church
.Birmingham has had a vibrant and varied musical history over the last century.^ The church is presently hosting, for the last time, Birmingham's triennial music festival, the proceeds of which go to the Hospital on Summer Lane.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Birmingham bands have made a major contribution to the musical culture of the United Kingdom, with many contemporary bands citing Birmingham bands as a major influence.^ Birmingham , United Kingdom NEC Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Villa Park .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Carling Academy Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 In the 1960s, the "Brum Beat" era featured blues and early progressive rock bands. And in the 1980s the reggae band UB40 were formed in Moseley while boy band Musical Youth lived in the Nechells part of Birmingham. .The city is often described as the birthplace of heavy metal music,[88] with Judas Priest, Black Sabbath and two members of Led Zeppelin being local.^ The city's reputation was forged as a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution in England, a fact which led to Birmingham being known as "the workshop of the world" or the "city of a thousand trades".
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 Then later on during the 80's bands such as Napalm Death, joined the Birmingham heavy metal scene. In the 1970s, members of The Move and The Idle Race formed the Electric Light Orchestra and Wizzard. The 1970s also saw the rise of reggae and ska in the city with such bands as Steel Pulse, UB40, and The Beat, expounding racial unity with politically leftist lyrics and multiracial lineups, mirroring social currents in Birmingham at that time. Seminal 1980s pop band Duran Duran are also from Birmingham. Birmingham was also home to the music family Woodroffe. .Most bands in Birmingham shopped at Woodroffe's Musical Instruments, and Jezz Woodroffe played keyboards for Black Sabbath.^ Let's now make our way towards the heart of Birmingham's toy-making district, where most of Boulton's rivals set up shop.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Jon Woodroffe then started in 1997 Fat Man Studios, which soon became the No1 recording studio in Birmingham.
It is the home of the UK's longest-established local science fiction group, launched in 1971 (although there were earlier incarnations in the 1940s and 1960s) and which organises the annual sf event Novacon.
.Jazz is popular in the city, and the annual Birmingham International Jazz Festival is the largest of its kind in the UK.[89] Venues for the festival are also located out of Birmingham in Solihull.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Coleshill Hotel is located 2 miles from the NEC and 3 miles from Birmingham International Airport (approximately 10 minutes away).
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 It was first held in 1984.[90]
.The internationally-renowned City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra's home venue is Symphony Hall.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Welcome to the luxury serviced apartments of Louis Group HOME in the heart of Birminghams vibrant and stylish city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Fountain Court is situated close to the city centre, ICC, NIA, Symphony Hall and Broad Street.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 There is a City Organist; since 1834 only seven men have held this position. The current holder, Thomas Trotter, has been in post since 1983.[91] Weekly recitals have been given since the organ in Birmingham Town Hall was opened[92] but are now held in St. Philip's Cathedral, until the Town Hall organ opens in October 2007, following restoration. .The Birmingham Royal Ballet[93] resides in the city as does the world's oldest vocational dance school, Elmhurst School for Dance.^ With Stratford upon Avon only 12 miles to the south, visiting Shakespeares birthplace, the Royal Shakespeare Theatre or the historic town itself provides a fantastic day out, as does the city of Birmingham also with its theatres only 18 miles north.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham is a burgeoning city, offering a world-class cultural scene, extensive shopping, famous nightlife and a seemingly endless supply of international events and exhibitions.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Depending on what school district you reside in, the following tax rates apply: Birmingham School District: $42.97 per $1,000 taxable value Pontiac City School District: $32.50 per $1,000 taxable value .
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 [94]
.The Birmingham Triennial Music Festivals took place from 1784 to 1912. Music was specially composed, conducted or performed by Mendelssohn, Gounod, Sullivan, Dvořák, Bantock and Edward Elgar, who wrote four of his most famous choral pieces for Birmingham.^ If we kept going down Summer lane we'd soon arrive at the Hospital (or the "Orspickle," as the locals refer to it), to the support of which the triennial music festivals are devoted.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The church is presently hosting, for the last time, Birmingham's triennial music festival, the proceeds of which go to the Hospital on Summer Lane.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Elgar's The Dream of Gerontius had its début performance there in 1900. Composers born in the city include Albert William Ketèlbey and Andrew Glover.
.Birmingham's other city-centre music venues include The National Indoor Arena, which was opened in 1991, the CBSO Centre, opened in 1997, and the Adrian Boult Hall, which was built along with Paradise Forum and Birmingham Central Library, at Birmingham Conservatoire.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Being centrally located at the Britannia Hotel Birmingham, you will be within easy access of the motorway networks, NEC, International Convention Centre and the National Indoor Arena.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Because of the central location, you will be able access many of Birminghams key attractions such as the ICC, Symphony Hall, The National Sealife Centre and the National Indoor Arena all of which are approximately a 5 minute taxi ride away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
File:The Rep from Broad Street, Birmingham.jpg
The Rep Theatre
.Among the many theatres in Birmingham, the largest are the Alexandra ("the Alex"), The Rep, the Hippodrome and the Old Rep.^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Alexandra Theatre .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Southside Apartments are centrally located in the heart of Birmingham city centre adjacent to the Hippodrome Theatre and moments away from the famous Bullring Shopping Centre and the Arcadian.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Hippodrome Theatre Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 .The Crescent Theatre and Old Joint Stock Theatre are other city centre theatres.^ Southside Apartments are centrally located in the heart of Birmingham city centre adjacent to the Hippodrome Theatre and moments away from the famous Bullring Shopping Centre and the Arcadian.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Outside of the city centre are the Drum Arts Centre (on the site of the former Aston Hippodrome) and mac.^ Southside Apartments are centrally located in the heart of Birmingham city centre adjacent to the Hippodrome Theatre and moments away from the famous Bullring Shopping Centre and the Arcadian.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [95] The Fierce! festival collaborates with The Rep to present an annual series of performances from local and national companies.
.Literary figures associated with Birmingham include Samuel Johnson who stayed in Birmingham for a short period and was born in nearby Lichfield.^ The first connection has to do with Samuel Lloyd III, the son of one of the founders of Birmingham's first bank, who lived at No.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We provide short and long stay suites for both leisure and business travellers who want more from their stay in Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Samuel and Thomas Aston, who made Birmingham Workhouse pennies and thruppences at No.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The Birmingham Central Library holds some two thousand volumes of his work. .Author Arthur Conan Doyle worked in the Aston area of Birmingham whilst poet Louis MacNeice lived in Birmingham for six years.^ I grew up in Los Angeles, California, but have lived in Birmingham, Alabama, for the past 17 years.
  • Birmingham Metro Area, Alabama Attorney Profiles - Birmingham-Hoover Metro Area, Alabama Lawyers - Cornell LII Lawyer Directory 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC lawyers.law.cornell.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Washington Irving produced several of his most famous literary works whilst staying in Birmingham such as Bracebridge Hall and The Humorists, A Medley which are based on Aston Hall.^ Whether in Birmingham on business or leisure The Spires is ideally situated for you to make the most of your stay.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Other authors who were born in or have resided in Birmingham include David Lodge, Jonathan Coe and J. R. R. Tolkien, who is said to have been inspired by areas and buildings in the city.^ The hotel once played host to J R R Tolkien, who was brought up in the local area.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Home > Alabama > Birmingham Metro Area Browse By Practice Areas Counties Cities Find Birmingham, Alabama Lawyer, Legal Aid & Services Profiles by Practice Area .
  • Birmingham Metro Area, Alabama Attorney Profiles - Birmingham-Hoover Metro Area, Alabama Lawyers - Cornell LII Lawyer Directory 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC lawyers.law.cornell.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Influential poets associated with Birmingham include Roi Kwabena, who was the city's sixth poet laureate,[96] and Benjamin Zephaniah, who was born in the city.
File:Birmingham Art Gallery & Museum.jpg
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
.Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery has one of the largest collections of Pre-Raphaelite art in the world.^ It also has one of the world's most detailed and largest coin collections.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is the main art gallery and museum in Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It has renowned displays of artwork that include a leading collection of work by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the world's largest collection of works by Edward Burne-Jones.
  • Birmingham Hotels - Asia Travel Hotels Air Tickets Reservation, Hotels in Birmingham 15 September 2009 5:41 UTC www.asiatravel.com [Source type: General]

 .Edward Burne-Jones was born in Birmingham, spent his first twenty years in the city, later becoming president of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham has undergone dramatic transformation in recent years and this vibrant and cosmopolitan City offers something for everybody.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Seven years from then, Muntz will become Birmingham's second M.P., thanks in part to his metal, which he patented in 1832 and which made him a power of money.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The Barber Institute of Fine Arts was declared 'Gallery of the Year' by the 2004 Good Britain Guide.^ The newer, stone-faced buildings that distinguish the first part of Temple Row include the handsome structure erected just last year to house the Birmingham Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [97] The Ikon Gallery hosts displays of contemporary art. Notable local artists include David Cox, David Bomberg, Pogus Caesar, Keith Piper and Donald Rodney.
.Birmingham's role as a manufacturing and printing centre has supported strong local traditions of graphic design and product design.^ A hotel in the heart of Birmingham surrounded by major stores, designer shops, jewellery markets and shopping centres.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Iconic works by Birmingham designers include the Baskerville font,[98] Ruskin Pottery,[99] the Acme Thunderer whistle,[100] the Art Deco branding of the Odeon Cinemas[101] and the Mini.[102]

Festivals and shows

Birmingham is home to many national, religious and spiritual festivals including a St. George's Day party. The Birmingham Tattoo is a long-standing military show. .The Caribbean-style Birmingham International Carnival takes place in odd numbered years.^ For those visiting The NEC and Birmingham International Airport, a taxi ride will take approximately 20 minutes.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Birmingham Pride takes place in the gay village and attracts up to 100,000 visitors each year.^ Birmingham's Bank of Savings, founded just two years ago and already boasting more than 2,000 accounts worth over £38,000.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham offers style and culture, welcoming visitors with more pride than ever before.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Since 1997, the city has hosted an annual arts festival ArtsFest, the largest free arts festival in the UK. In December 2006, the City Council announced that it would no longer hold Artsfest.^ The Institution is presently hosting its second annual modern art exhibit, which I'm afraid isn't on our itinerary.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [103] The city's largest single-day event is its St. Patrick's Day parade (Europe's second largest, after the one in Dublin).[104] Other multicultural events include the Bangla Mela and the Vaisakhi Mela. The Birmingham Heritage Festival is a Mardi Gras style event in August. Caribbean and African culture are celebrated with parades and street performances by buskers. .Other festivals in the city include Moseley Folk Festival (since 2006), which takes place in Moseley private park and mixes new with established folk acts, the Birmingham International Jazz Festival, and the Birmingham Comedy Festival (since 2001), which has been headlined by such acts as Peter Kay, The Fast Show, Jimmy Carr, Lee Evans and Lenny Henry.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ For those visiting The NEC and Birmingham International Airport, a taxi ride will take approximately 20 minutes.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The festivals, shows and other activities make Birmingham are part of Birmingham's 2026 vision, publicised by Be Birmingham (a Local Strategic Partnership to Birmingham) which aims to improve the range of public festivals and activities in the city.^ Just like Venice, Birmingham has got lots of canals, which makes the city very picturesque.
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The injunction was consistent with the strong interest of the city government in regulating the use of its streets and other public places.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ "It shall be unlawful to organize or hold, or to assist in organizing or holding, or to take part or participate in, any parade or procession or other public demonstration on the streets or other public ways of the city, unless a permit therefor has been secured from the commission."
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

Media

File:The mailbox.jpg
The Mailbox, headquarters for BBC Birmingham.
File:ElectricCinema.jpg
The Electric Cinema, Station Street.
.Birmingham has two local daily newspapers - the Birmingham Post and the Birmingham Mail - as well as the Sunday Mercury, all owned by the Trinity Mirror who also own What's On magazine, a fortnightly listings title which has been running for 30 years.^ Finally it is where, following the suspension of Bank payments in March 1797, a group of Birmingham's own businessmen resolved to go on receiving its notes, as well as those of local banks.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham's Bank of Savings, founded just two years ago and already boasting more than 2,000 accounts worth over £38,000.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ After all, most of Birmingham's growth occurred well after 1689, when Birmingham no longer offered dissenters all that many privileges they couldn't have elsewhere.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Forward (formerly Birmingham Voice) is a freesheet produced by Birmingham City Council, which is distributed to homes in the city.^ Use our interactive Birmingham home price map to view real estate activity across Birmingham ZIP codes and in other cities nearby Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Real Estate & Birmingham Homes For Sale — Trulia.com 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.trulia.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Welcome to the luxury serviced apartments of Louis Group HOME in the heart of Birminghams vibrant and stylish city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Strategic Director of Development BIRMINGHAM CITY COUNCIL .
  • Birmingham Job search | Guardian Jobs 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC jobs.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 .Birmingham is also the hub for various national ethnic media and the base for two regional Metro editions (east Midlands and West Midlands).^ Located in the Midlands only 2 miles from the M42(J10)M6 Toll and accessable to the NEC, Central Birmingham, Birmingham and East Midlands Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham, West Midlands .
  • Birmingham Job search | Guardian Jobs 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC jobs.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 Birmingham has a long cinematic history. The Electric Cinema on Station Street is the oldest working cinema in the UK,[105] and Oscar Deutsch opened his first Odeon cinema in Perry Barr during the 1920s. Birmingham-born architect Harry Weedon collaborated with Oscar Deutsch to design over 300 cinemas across the country, most in the distinctive Art Deco style.[106] .Star City is said to be Europe's largest leisure and cinema complex and is not far from the Britain's only permanent drive-in cinema; both are in Nechells.^ The towns of Henley in Arden, Leamington Spa and Warwick are all close by and within a 30 minute drive are the cities of Coventry and Birmingham, the latter which now boasts the Bull Ring Centre which is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The displays here also contain Thomason's collection of medal dies, which is said to be the largest in Europe save for that belonging to the King of France.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One thing is for sure what ever you are planning for your break away the Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City is one of the best hotels in Birmingham for both quality and value.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 An IMAX cinema is located at Millennium Point in the Eastside.[107] .Birmingham has also been the location for films including Felicia's Journey of 1999, which used locations in Birmingham that were used in Take Me High of 1973 to contrast the changes in the city.^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The United States Commission on Civil Rights found continuing abuse of civil rights protesters by the Birmingham police, including use of dogs, clubs, and firehoses.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 [108]
.As well as being the location for television dramas, Birmingham is also a national hub for television broadcasting.^ Being centrally located at the Britannia Hotel Birmingham, you will be within easy access of the motorway networks, NEC, International Convention Centre and the National Indoor Arena.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It is ideally located for the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Airport, Birmingham Business Park and Hams Hall Distribution Park which are all only a 5 minute drive away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Henley Hotel is located in the quiet village of Henley in Arden but just minutes from the motorway network and the National Exhibition Centre and Birmingham Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The BBC has two facilities in the city.^ Twenty-two parks with 300 acres cover more than 10 percent of the city's total acreage, and the school district also provides recreational facilities.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 .The Mailbox, in the city centre, is the location for the national headquarters of BBC English Regions,[109] the headquarters of BBC West Midlands and the BBC Birmingham network production centre, which were previously located at the Pebble Mill Studios in Edgbaston.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Please also note that our Christmas parties startfrom 27th November and throughout December (to be held in our main restaurant area)The Apollo Hotel is located in Edgbaston, five minutes from the rejuvenated Birmingham City Centre and ideally situated for access to the International Convention Centre, National Indoor Arena, National Exhibition Centre (NEC), and main business centres.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Hotel is situated in a most convenient position in Birmingham, just outside the city centre, and is a short drive from the International Convention Centre, National Indoor Arena, National Exhibition Centre, B. B. C Pebble mill, Birmingham University, Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Selly Oak and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals and Cadbury World.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The BBC Drama Village, based in Selly Oak, is a production facility specialising in television drama.[110] It was announced in October 2007 that BBC Birmingham was to lose 43 out of 2,500 jobs nationwide.
Birmingham was also the main hub for many programmes on ITV. Central/ATV studios in Birmingham filmed many programmes including Tiswas and Crossroads until the studio was closed.[111] .When Central TV moved to its current Gas Street studios, it was also the main hub for CITV until CITV was moved to Manchester in 2004. All of ITV Central's output from Birmingham now consists of the West and East editions of the regional news programme Central Tonight.^ Now let's head back south, to Lionel Street, which we'll follow west all the way to Summer Row.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ There's something worth seeing on the other side of the street, but let's come back to it later, returning for now to the end of Cherry Street, where Cannon Street joins it from the east.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Located in the Midlands only 2 miles from the M42(J10)M6 Toll and accessable to the NEC, Central Birmingham, Birmingham and East Midlands Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]
.The city is served by numerous national and regional radio stations, as well as local radio stations.^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 These include 96.4 BRMB, Galaxy, Heart FM, Kerrang! 105.2, New Style Radio 98.7FM, Smooth Radio 105.7FM and BBC WM.[112] The Archers, the world's longest running radio soap, is recorded in Birmingham for BBC Radio 4.[113]

Leisure

File:Vtp200.jpg
The proposed VTP200
.Two major developments have regenerated two parts of the city in recent years.^ Birmingham has undergone dramatic transformation in recent years and this vibrant and cosmopolitan City offers something for everybody.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Brindleyplace is a major canalside development with restaurants and office buildings along with the National Sea Life Centre.^ Ideally located in the heart of the City Centre situated in close proximity to Theatres, Museums, Galleries, Jewellery Quarter, National Sea Life Centre, ICC, Symphony Hall and the National Indoor Arena as well as the vibrant Night Life.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Bull Ring Shopping Centre, National Sea Life Centre, Birmingham Botanical Gardens and Glass House, Cadbury World, and the NEC, NIA and Symphony Hall are just a few of the local attractions that are easily accessible from the hotel.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Why not treat the family to Cadburys world,Warwick Castle,the Sea Life Centre or West Midland Safari park, Symphony Hall, Edgbaston Cricket Ground, National Indoor Arena and the National Exhibition Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .The other development was the Bullring Shopping Centre, which replaced a previous shopping centre.^ The apartments are in the heart of Birminghams vibrant city centre, situated between Brindley Place and the Mailbox and a short stroll from Birminghams financial district and the famous Bullring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It also lies within easy reach of the National Exhibition Centre N. E. C., Birmingham International Rail stationAirport, The Belfry Golf course and the exhilerating shopping experience of the Bullring.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Boasting a prime position, centrally located, close to New Street Station and Bullring Shopping Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The Mailbox, a canalside development, features designer stores as well as offices and apartments. The Cube, designed by MAKE Architects is a 17 storey mixed-use development which is under construction as part of the Mailbox masterplan. .The National Indoor Arena is one of the busiest large scale sporting and entertainment venues in Europe.^ The apartments are located behind the famous Mailbox, 7 minutes walk from the International Convention Centre (ICC), the National Indoor Arena (NIA) and Broad Street.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Indoor ice-skating is available at the Birmingham Ice Sports Arena, including open skating, lessons and ice hockey groups.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 ^ He has written a full-scale historical narrative — one that is deeply interesting and engaging — that has been largely unknown, even to scholars of the Industrial Revolution.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Outside of the city centre is Star City entertainment complex on the former site of Nechells Power Station.^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ideally located for the business, shopping and entertainment that Birminghams vibrant city centre has to offer, the hotel provides the perfect location from which to explore the city.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [114]
.The nightlife in Birmingham is concentrated mainly along Broad Street and into Brindleyplace.^ Broad Street and Brindleyplace are a five minute walk.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ As we continue along Cherry Street it turns into Union Street, which opened in 1790 and is named, believe it or not, after the Union Inn located a few doors down to the right.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Broad Street in Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .However, in recent years, stylish clubs and bars have started to establish themselves outside the Broad Street area.^ The bar is open late for residents and outside guests with great music and a relaxed stylish atmosphere.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The Medicine Bar in the Custard Factory, The Sanctuary, Rainbow Pub and Air are large clubs and bars in Digbeth. .Near Digbeth, there are bars and club nights in areas such as the Arcadian and Hurst Street Gay Village by the Chinese Quarter.^ There is a lively coffee lounge and bar area, with a range of snacks available from serviced machines.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ ARCADIAN CENTRE HURST STREET, B5 4TD .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Cavalier House is only a short walk away from Birminghams Night Clubs, Bars, Restaurants, Casinos, Theatres, Exhibitons, Conference Centres.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Summer Row, The Mailbox, and St Philips/Colmore Row - where once a month there is a party night held for Polish residents in Birmingham - and Jewellery Quarter also feature clubs.^ Beyond it is Colmore Row, which defines the northern boundary of St. Philip's churchyard to the east.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ As of the census of 2000, there were 19,291 people, 9,131 households and 5,076 families residing in the city of Birmingham.
  • Birmingham Michigan Real Estate Agent | Search Birmingham MI Homes 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.markzproperties.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although it will one day be Birmingham's cathedral, St. Philip's is only a church at present.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 There are number of late night pubs in the Irish Quarter.[115]

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Birmingham
File:Bell Edison Telephone Building.jpg
17 & 19 Newhall Street in Birmingham's characteristic Victorian red brick and terracotta
.Today's Birmingham is chiefly a product of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as its real growth began with the Industrial Revolution.^ Lutwyche's higher-end products included his own private farthings, which are of special interest because they illustrate some 18th-century coinage equipment.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Birmingham toy district as it was during the 18th-century token episode The red dots show approximate mint locations.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The most prized of all his products today are the tokens or medalets he made, especially for collectors, depicting better-known buildings in London, Coventry, and (of course) Birmingham.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Consequently, relatively few buildings survive from its earlier history, and those that do are protected. There are 1,946 listed buildings in Birmingham and thirteen scheduled ancient monuments.[116] Birmingham City Council also operate a locally listing scheme for buildings that do not fully meet the criteria for statutorily listed status.
.Traces of medieval Birmingham can be seen in the oldest churches, notably the original parish church, St Martin in the Bull Ring.^ As if you werent already spoilt for choice, the apartments are also just a stroll away from Birminghams trend setting Bull Ring shopping centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although it will one day be Birmingham's cathedral, St. Philip's is only a church at present.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ There are direct rail links to Birmingham with the Bull Ring for shopping and theatres and historic Warwick Castle, it is a good base for exploring the area.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .A few other buildings from the medieval and Tudor periods survive, among them the Lad in the Lane[117] and The Old Crown, the 15th century Saracen's Head public house and Old Grammar School in Kings Norton[118] and Blakesley Hall.^ But after the riots the building was appropriated to fill in for the Old and New (Calvinist) Meeting Houses, which the rioters had pillaged.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.A number of Georgian buildings survive, including St Philip's Cathedral, Soho House, Perrott's Folly, the Town Hall and much of St Paul's Square.^ We make our way back across the canal to St. Paul's Square.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The luxury and convenience of a hotel with the relaxed comfort of your own home, in an enviable position in St Pauls Square, right in the heart of Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although it will one day be Birmingham's cathedral, St. Philip's is only a church at present.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The Victorian era saw extensive building across the city. .Major civic buildings such as the Victoria Law Courts (in characteristic red brick and terracotta), the Council House and the Museum & Art Gallery were constructed.^ Ah, here it is: the Red Lion, a handsome, three story building with red bricks above and stucco below.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Local attractions include great shopping, great nightlife, fantastic sporting venues and not forgetting all the parks, museums and art galleries.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [119] St Chad's Cathedral was the first Roman Catholic cathedral to be built in the UK since the Reformation.[120] .Across the city, the need to house the industrial workers gave rise to miles of redbrick streets and terraces, many of back-to-back houses, some of which were later to become inner-city slums.^ Even before the canal boom, it managed to become England's preeminent industrial city, and was well on its way to becoming the "the workshop of the world."
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Across from Cadbury's stands the Quaker Meeting House, which isn't much to look at since the broad-brims bricked over most of the street-side windows some years back to keep out traffic noise.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We'll have a later opportunity to see dies being made, so let's continue to Summer Row, turning left on it until it becomes Congreve Street.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [121]
File:Selfridges Exterior7.jpg
Selfridges, by architects Future Systems.
.Postwar redevelopment and anti-Victorianism resulted in the loss of dozens Victorian buildings like Birmingham New Street Station, and the old Central Library.^ The Old Library was back on Union Street, just beyond the Branch Bank of England.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ But after the riots the building was appropriated to fill in for the Old and New (Calvinist) Meeting Houses, which the rioters had pillaged.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [122] .In inner-city areas too, much Victorian housing was redeveloped.^ Asquith House is a delightful Victorian property that is fully modernised and is situated amongst the leafy lanes od edgbaston, mintues away from Birmingham city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Existing communities were relocated to tower block estates like Castle Vale.[123]
.Birmingham City Council now has an extensive tower block demolition and renovation programme.^ Birmingham is a burgeoning city, offering a world-class cultural scene, extensive shopping, famous nightlife and a seemingly endless supply of international events and exhibitions.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Book Now B7: Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Book Now B4: Thistle Birmingham City .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .There has been a lot of construction in the city centre in recent years, including the award-winning[124] Future Systems' Selfridges building in the Bullring Shopping Centre, the Brindleyplace regeneration project and the Millennium Point science and technology centre.^ In a market-based money system, there is an inexorable tendency for good money to win out.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The regeneration of Birmingham has been prompted by the Birmingham Redevelopment Scheme.
.Highrise development has slowed since the 1970s and mainly in recent years due to enforcements imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority on the heights of buildings as they could affect aircraft from the International Airport, (e.g.^ The building, originally a 17th Century farmhouse, is situated in 9 acres of countryside, 2 miles from the Belfry and M6 Toll Road, 7 miles from the NEC and 4.8 miles from BHX - Birmingham International Airport.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Beetham Tower).[125]

Environment

.Birmingham has many corridors of wildlife that lie in both informal settings such as the Kingfisher Project and Woodgate Valley Country Park and in a selection of parks such as Handsworth Park and Small Heath Park.^ The apartments are a great base for both business and leisure travellers, giving easy access to the many attractions that Brindleyplace and Birmingham have to offer.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ BORDESLEY PARK ROAD SMALL HEATH, B10 0PD .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Wildlife is nurtured in a good many gardens and helped along by Birmingham City Council's dedication to replanting street trees when they die or are removed.^ Each bedroom overlooks peaceful landscaped gardens, difficult to believe that this tree-lined setting is just 10 minutes away from Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ As Birminghams fantastic renaissance continues; it brings along the landmark Radisson SAS Hotel, adding a stylish twist to the city's skyline.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ An extremely comfortable family run BandB close to Birmingham City Centre, National Indoor Arena and New Street Station.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 The City's horticultural training facility at King's Heath Park is paired up with Pershore College. .More traditional environmental concerns are constantly raised by volunteer pressure group Birmingham Friends of the Earth.^ The generality of the language contained in the Birmingham parade ordinance upon which the injunction was based would unquestionably raise substantial constitutional issues concerning some of its provisions.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Birmingham's oldest bank, Taylors & Lloyds, was founded by the second Sampson Lloyd and by John Taylor (concerning whom more anon) on Dale End in 1765.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham parade ordinance upon which the injunction was based would unquestionably raise substantial constitutional issues concerning some of its provisions.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 That group advocate gentler travel such as through local rail revival, walking and cycling, reduction in energy demand and waste generally, and see a great future for environmental technologies in the city

Crime and policing

File:Digbeth Police Station, Birmingham.JPG
Digbeth Police Station
West Midlands Police serves Birmingham and the West Midlands county. .The headquarters are located at Lloyd House in the city centre of Birmingham.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Express by Holiday Inn Birmingham City Centre is located just a few minutes from Birmingham New Street railway station from where all major destinations including Birmingham International Airport can be reached.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .Birmingham has been the location for many high profile incidents such as the 31 January 2007 Birmingham raid, New Year Murders and more historically, the Birmingham pub bombings.^ The impact of this book — one of the most important historical narratives ever written by an Austrian economist — will be felt for many years.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Because of the central location, you will be able access many of Birminghams key attractions such as the ICC, Symphony Hall, The National Sealife Centre and the National Indoor Arena all of which are approximately a 5 minute taxi ride away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although there are now 17 steam-powered rolling mills in Birmingham, for many years this mill was the town's only local source of manufactured metal, most of which came from water-powered mills located some distance away.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Crime figures for 2006/ 2007 showed that Birmingham was above the English average in all fields.[126] .Of the eight major cities in the country (Newcastle, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Nottingham, Birmingham and Bristol), Birmingham has the lowest crime rate.^ But why Birmingham rather than Sheffield, which was surrounded by coalfields and good sources of waterpower, or Bristol, which was more accessible?
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Birmingham City - Liverpool Tickets .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 [127]
.In 2006, Birmingham city centre was identified as having the highest concentration of gun crimes in Britain, with three areas of Birmingham being in the top 10 worst gun crime affected areas of Britain.^ Birmingham City Centre is accessible.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Standing in its own gardens, this traditional red brick Victorian Hotel provides an oasis of calm, whilst being close to the city centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [128] .In 2008, gun crime continued to rise in Birmingham with locals and the West Midlands Police in fear of gang related shootings.^ The United States Commission on Civil Rights found continuing abuse of civil rights protesters by the Birmingham police, including use of dogs, clubs, and firehoses.
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 [129]
In an attempt to reduce crime in the city, a Crime and Disorder Partnership has been established in the city, the largest of its kind in the country.[130] .The partnerships work in developing five neighbourhood based community safety projects in Birmingham was recognised when it was awarded first prize at the European Community Safety Awards in December 2004.[130] Crime rates are particularly high in areas such as Aston, Handsworth, Small Heath and Bordesley Green.^ Birmingham is a development of Birmingham Web Development Partnership • Contact Webmaster • Top .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ BORDESLEY PARK ROAD SMALL HEATH, B10 0PD .
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [130]
Crime figures for 2006/ 2007 in Birmingham[126]
Crime Birmingham average
(per 1,000 of the population)		 Manchester average
(per 1,000 of the population)		 Bristol average
(per 1,000 of the population)		 English average
(per 1,000 of the population)
Violence against a person 48.7 32.7 32.0 16.7
Robbery offences 12.3 8.3 3.8 1.2
Theft of vehicle offences 5.3 8.9 8.1 2.9
Theft from vehicles 11.1 25.5 21.4 7.6
Sexual offences 1.5 1.9 1.8 0.9
Burglary 7.9 16.5 10.4 4.3

Second City

Main article: Second city of the United Kingdom
.Birmingham has traditionally been regarded by many as the Second city of the United Kingdom.^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Carling Academy Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Alexandra Theatre .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Birmingham , United Kingdom Town Hall Birmingham .
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 .It is the second most populous English city and has an important cultural and industrial impact on British life for centuries.^ Andrew’s is the home ground of the English football club Birmingham City Football Club, and has been so since 1906, a long tradition of first-class British football in one of the top stadiums!
  • Concerts in Birmingham - Buy Birmingham Concert Tickets Easy and Secure! 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The impact of this book — one of the most important historical narratives ever written by an Austrian economist — will be felt for many years.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 A 2007 poll by the BBC placed Manchester ahead of Birmingham in the category of second city of England,[131] but also ahead in the category of third city. Neither categories are officially sanctioned, and criteria for determining what 'second city' means are ill-defined.

Notable residents

File:Chamberlain.jpg
Joseph Chamberlain
Main article: List of famous residents of Birmingham, England
Birmingham has a number of notable residents from various walks of life. .Joseph Chamberlain, who was once mayor of Birmingham and later became an MP, and his son Neville Chamberlain, who was lord mayor Birmingham and later the British Prime Minister, are two of the most well-known political figures who have lived in Birmingham.^ Petitioners are Negro ministers who sought to express their concern about racial discrimination in Birmingham, Alabama, by holding peaceful protest demonstrations in that .
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 Politician Enoch Powell was also born in Birmingham attending a King Edward's school. .Author J. R. R. Tolkien was brought up in Birmingham with many locations in the city such as Moseley bog, Sarehole Mill and Perrott's Folly supposedly being the inspiration for various scenes in The Lord of the Rings.^ The Crowne Plaza Birmingham City Centre is a 4 star deluxe property, located in the heart of Birmingham City Centre.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The Purple Hotel Birmingham Star City is ideally located for both the leisure and business traveller.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Because of the central location, you will be able access many of Birminghams key attractions such as the ICC, Symphony Hall, The National Sealife Centre and the National Indoor Arena all of which are approximately a 5 minute taxi ride away.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 Writer W. H. Auden grew up in the Harborne area of the city. .Entertainers who were born or who have lived in Birmingham include comedians Tony Hancock and Jasper Carrott and the actors Trevor Eve and Martin Shaw.^ Pickard in turn convinced Charles Twigg — the button maker who lived near Hancock, on Hospital Street — to grease the venture's wheels.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The first connection has to do with Samuel Lloyd III, the son of one of the founders of Birmingham's first bank, who lived at No.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nearby attractions include Cadbury World, Touchwood entertainment and shopping complex, Shakespeares birthplace Stratford upon Avon and Sea Life Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 .In more recent times, Cat Deeley became a popular television presenter in the UK and USA. Birmingham has also produced a number of popular bands and musicians.^ The church is presently hosting, for the last time, Birmingham's triennial music festival, the proceeds of which go to the Hospital on Summer Lane.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ [I]t must be confessed that human reason has more cause at present for humiliation than for triumph at Birmingham (Skipp 1997, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The Streets, Steel Pulse, UB40, The Beat, Editors, The Twang, Ocean Colour Scene, Judas Priest, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, Wizzard and Duran Duran have all been popular bands, whilst musicians Jeff Lynne, Ozzy Osbourne, John Lodge, Nick Mason, Roy Wood, Jamelia, and Steve Winwood all were very successful. Other famous residents include award winning political playwright David Edgar; and Booker Prize winning novelist David Lodge.
The 'Walk of Stars', similar to the Hollywood Walk of Fame, was unveiled in July 2007 to honour the famous residents of Birmingham. .The first star to be placed on the walk, which is located on Broad Street, was by Ozzy Osbourne.^ The apartments are located behind the famous Mailbox, 7 minutes walk from the International Convention Centre (ICC), the National Indoor Arena (NIA) and Broad Street.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Broad Street and Brindleyplace are a five minute walk.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 ^ You will find entertainment centres at Broad Street and Brindley place within a 10-minute walk from the Britannia hotel and within a lovely canal-side setting.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [132] The second star, honouring Jasper Carrott, was placed in the walk in September 2007 during ArtsFest.[133]

Science and invention

File:Matthew Boulton - Carl Frederik von Breda.jpg
Matthew Boulton
Main article: Science and invention in Birmingham
.Birmingham has been the location for some of the most important inventions and scientific breakthroughs.^ Yet the Soho mint was the only important commercial mint that wasn't located in Birmingham (though it was just a stone's throw away).
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Although there are now 17 steam-powered rolling mills in Birmingham, for many years this mill was the town's only local source of manufactured metal, most of which came from water-powered mills located some distance away.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Local inventions and notable firsts include: gas lighting, custard powder, the magnetron, the first ever use of radiography in an operation, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt's first cotton Roller Spinning machine and the UK's first ever hole-in-the-heart operation, at Birmingham Children's Hospital.^ The last coinage connection also has to do with Upper Priory, and with Matthew Boulton, for it was here, in a large warehouse close to the Square, that John Wyatt — Birmingham's greatest inventor next to James Watt — succeeded in spinning yarn by mechanical means for the very first time ever, using a machine hooked up to a donkey-driven gin.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Gas lighting was introduced to Birmingham in 1819, seventeen years after having been installed and publicly demonstrated, to tremendous acclaim, at the Soho Foundry, and 27 years after Soho mechanic William Murdock first employed it at his own home.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The luxury and convenience of a hotel with the relaxed comfort of your own home, in an enviable position in St Pauls Square, right in the heart of Birmingham.
  • @Birmingham :: Hotels in Birmingham UK 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC atbirmingham.com [Source type: General]

 [134]
.Among the city's notable scientists and inventors are Matthew Boulton, proprietor of the Soho engineering works, Sir Francis Galton, originator of eugenics and important techniques in statistics, Joseph Priestley, chemist and radical and James Watt, engineer and inventor who is associated with the steam engine.^ Its owner, Thomas Pickard, is the son of James Pickard, one of the men responsible for erecting the world's first rotary-motion steam engine.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ During his tour Matthew Boulton said to him, "I sell here, sir, what all the world desires to have — power."
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Hancock's later clients included Thomas Dobbs, Matthew Boulton and Peter Kempson; and his work for the last — medals, mainly — made him especially famous.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Many of these scientists were members of the Lunar Society, which was based in the city.^ It was here that the Friends disowned gun maker and Lunar Society member Samuel Galton in 1796 for "fabricating instruments for the destruction of mankind" (Lloyd 1908, p.
  • A Ramble 'Round Old Birmingham - George A. Selgin - Mises Institute 19 January 2010 8:48 UTC mises.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [135]

Twin cities

Birmingham's town twins[136] are:
  • Flag of the United States Chicago, United States
  • Template:Country data Germany Frankfurt, Germany
  • Template:Country data China Guangzhou, China
  • Template:Country data South Africa Johannesburg, South Africa
  • Template:Country data Germany Leipzig, Germany
  • Template:Country data China Nanjing, China
  • Flag of France Lyon, France
  • Template:Country data Italy Milan, Italy
  • Template:Country data Pakistan Mirpur, Pakistan - Friendship agreement
.Birmingham, Alabama, USA is named after the city and shares an industrial kinship.^ "A verified Bill of Complaint in the above styled cause having been presented to me on this the 10th of April 1963 at 9:00 O'Clock P.M. in the City of Birmingham, Alabama."
  • WALKER V. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM, 388 U. S. 307 (1967) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 20 September 2009 10:45 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

 [137]

See also

  • Birmingham military history
  • Birmingham Redevelopment Scheme
  • Constituent areas of Birmingham
  • Eurovision Song Contest 1998
  • List of songs about Birmingham

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  • Canon Doctor Terry Slater (1981). A History of Warwickshire. ISBN 0-85033-416-0. 
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