Aelin-uial

(S. 'Meres of Twilight') A marshy confluence of Aros in Sirion, held to be a part of Doriath. It was protected by the Girdle of Melian and secret ferries were maintained on the east shore.

This area had a strong connection to Ulmo, who was able to send visions to both Finrod and Turgon bidding them to seek a place where a stronghold hidden from the eyes of Morgoth could be established.

Amon Darthir

A peak in the Ered Wethrin to the south-east of Dor-lómin, over which led the only pass over the mountains. The stream of Nen Lalaith sprang from its side, and after the coming of the Easterlings some outlaws of the House of Hador maintained a refuge in a cave here.

Amon Ereb

(S. 'lonely hill') The broad, shallow-sided hill between Ramdal and the river Gelion that dominated the southern plains of East Beleriand. As the highest point in that region and the easternmost hill of Andram, which was standing alone, it had tremendous strategic importance, because it guarded the eastern passage around the long wall of the Andram into the southern parts of Beleriand and the northern Taur-im-Duinath.

It was here that Denethor Lord of the Nandor met his end in the First Battle against the Orcs in the Wars of Beleriand, and much later, Caranthir fortified it to guard his escape into the south after the Dagor Bragollach and the Fëanoreans withdrew there after Nírnaeth Arnoediad. The hill was also called "Ereb" for short.

Amon Ethir

(S. 'hill of spies') A hill raised artificially by the people of Finrod in the wide plain of Talath Dirnen, a league (approximately 5 kilometres) east of the Doors of Nargothrond above the river Narog. Over the years, trees grew on its flanks, but from its clear summit the watchers of Nargothrond could watch the lands about with the clear sight of the Elves, and so the hill got its name, Amon Ethir, meaning 'Hill of Spies'.

After the Sack of Nargothrond, the hill still stood, and it was here that Nienor encountered Glaurung the Dragon. Having plunged the land into a thick fog of dragon-reek, so that only the hill remained above the mists, he cast Nienor into a deep spell of darkness and forgetfulness.

Amon Rûdh

(S. 'Bald hill') In the First Age, Amon Rûdh was a stone hill south of Brethil in West Beleriand. It had only deep red flowers called seregon "stone's blood" growing on its top, which made it seem blood-covered.

Mîm the Petty-dwarf lived within Amon Rûdh with his two sons, Ibûn and Khîm. Mîm was captured by a group of outlaws led by Túrin Turambar and forced to reveal the location of his refuge, which was then called Bar-en-Danwedh "House of Ransom". (Previously, it had been known as Bar-en-Nibin-Noeg "House of the Petty-Dwarves".) When it was discovered that Khîm, who had been shot at, had actually been killed, Túrin repented and offered his services to Mîm, who from then on tolerated the presence of the outlaws.

Amon Rûdh became the base of operations for the outlaws and with the arrival of Beleg, it became the heart of the area known as Dor-Cúarthol "Land of Bow and Helm" (referring to the two captains, Beleg and Túrin), a center of resistance against the forces of Morgoth. Túrin's location was eventually discovered and orcs slew the outlaws and captured Turumbar, covering the hilltop with real blood.

Amon Rûdh was lost under the sea with the destruction of Beleriand during the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age.

B

Belegost

One of two Dwarven cities in the Ered Luin, lying to the north of its neighbouring dwarven city Nogrod. It was the home of the Dwarven people known as Broadbeams. Both clans were early trading partners of the Sindar in Beleriand. Belegost translates from Sindarin as "Great Fortress". The dwarves called it by its Khuzdul name, Gabilgathol of unknown meaning, and although Tolkien used Mickleburg as an Anglicization of the Westron form of the name, this would clearly have been retrospective, as Westron, 'the common speech', did not begin to develop until centuries after Belegost's destruction.

Belegost's only named king, Azaghâl, lived in the First Age, and forged a firm alliance with the Noldorin Prince Maedhros after the latter rescued him from an orc ambush. Towards the end of the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Azaghâl was killed in combat with Glaurung, the Father of Dragons, but his attack wounded it so badly that Azaghâl's debt to Maedhros was repaid: the remaining Noldor were able to escape from certain destruction when the wounded Glaurung fled the field along with all his brood.

In the years after the battle, the surviving Dwarves of the Mickleburg did not join the Dwarves of Nogrod in the Sack of Menegroth, and actually attempted to dissuade their friends from it. They thus saved themselves from the calamity of destruction inflicted upon the host of Nogrod by the Green-elves and the Ents, but even so, relations between the Eldar of Lindon and the Broadbeams must have been very poor, as "The Dwarves of Belegost were filled with dismay at the calamity and fear for its outcome, and this hastened their departure eastwards..."^{[citation needed]}

This departure had become inevitable following the War of Wrath, as Belegost was 'ruined' when the Blue Mountains were shrunk and broken at that time. Many Dwarves of Belegost indeed then departed eastwards forty years after the war, joining with Durin's folk in Khazad-dûm, although some Broadbeams remained in the ruins of Belegost, in much reduced if independent circumstances.

Brethil, illustration by Matěj Čadil

Brethil

A cluster of woods bordering Dorthonion, which was probably originally part of Doriath. It was to Brethil that the House of Haleth removed after dwelling east of the river Gelion. Some Drúedain also dwelt there.

The main feature of the forest was the hill of Amon Obel, upon which stood Ephel Brandir, the main settlement of the Haladin. The river Taeglin crossed the forest.

Brithiach

The only ford over Sirion south of the Fens of Serech. The road from Nan Dungortheb and Dimbar crossed Sirion by this ford just to the north of the Forest of Brethil.

C

Cabed-en-Aras

(S. 'Leap of the Deer') A deep gorge in the river Taeglin just to the north of the inflow of Celebros near the Forest of Brethil. A "sheer cliff of some forty feet" lay to its east; on the other side was "a bank somewhat less sheer and less high" and "the water ran fiercely among rocks" in between.^[1]

When Glaurung the Dragon issued from Nargothrond to attack Brethil, he chose a straight route and decided to cross the river over the ravine rather than turning to the Crossings of Brethil. This was guessed by Túrin Turambar, who hid himself under the southern cliff and stabbed the dragon from beneath with his sword Gurthang. Glaurug managed to get across to the northern side, blasting the trees with fire and breaking a great space all about him. Before his death he had managed to lead Nienor Níniel to suicide, as she cast herself down the ravine; and shortly after Túrin slew himself on Gurthang near the brink.

Thereafter no man looked again down into the darkness of Cabed-en-Aras, "nor would any beast or bird come there, nor any tree grow; and it was named Cabed Naeramarth, the Leap of Dreadful Doom."^[2] The body of the Dragon was then burned by the Men of Brethil, and the "Field of Burning" was ever after desolate. A mound was raised for Túrin where he had fallen by the brink, and upon it a great grey stone was set, called the Stone of the Hapless or the Standing Stone (Talbor in the tongue of the woodfolk). Upon it was carven in runes:

TÚRIN TURAMBAR DAGNIR GLAURUNGA NIENOR NÍNIEL

Later their mother Morwen found the stone, and remained there awaiting death. She was found by her husband Húrin, but died on the following day. The Men of Brethil buried her on the west side of the stone, and Here lies also Morwen Eledhwen was added to the carvings. Tolkien writes that "after that day fear left that place, though sorrow remained, and it was ever leafless and bare." But until the end of Beleriand women of Brethil would come there to pay respects, singing of the Grey Lady who sought in vain for her son. Also, a seer and harp-player of Brethil named Glirhuin sung that the Stone of the Hapless would "not be defiled by Morgoth nor ever thrown down."^[3]

After the Drowning of Beleriand the northern brink of Cabed-en-Aras, including the Stone, survived as Tol Morwen, one of the several islands west of the coast of Middle-earth in later ages, and was probably visited by mariners of Númenor and on their voyages to pay respect to the hero Túrin Turambar buried there.

Cirith Ninniach

(S. 'Rainbow Cleft') A long and narrow channel in the Ered Lómin, cut by the river issuing from Annon-in-Gelydh and flowing into the Firth of Drengist. Tuor passed through this after escaping from Dor-lómin, and it was he who gave the name to the channel, for "where the water foamed among the boulders or rushed over sudden falls, at morning and evening rainbows were woven across the stream."^[4]

Crissaegrim

(S. 'cleft mountain peaks') Part of the southern Echoriath, the Encircling Mountains of Gondolin. The area was home to the great Eagles of Thorondor. From here they watched for spies in the vale of the River Sirion.

In Tolkien's stories it is usually referred to as the "Eagles' Cleft" or "Abode of Eagles".

D

Dimbar

An empty land in the north of Beleriand, lying between the Forests of Brethil in the west and Neldoreth in the east.

Dimrost

See Nen Girith

Dolmed

See Mount Dolmed

Dor Caranthir

See Thargelion

Dor Dínen

(S. 'silent land') A relinquished part of east Beleriand, north of Doriath. Contained by one of the upper branches of the Esgalduin (bordering Nan Dungortheb) and the Aros (bordering Himlad), it was said that no one had lived there for ages. To the south lies Neldoreth, and Ered Gorgoroth to the north. The region is best known for the Arossiach, which connected Esgalduin and Aros.

E

Echoriath

A mountain range in the north of Beleriand, also called the Encircling Mountains.The Echoriath formed a natural circle of rock, enclosing the valley later called Tumladen, within which lay the Elven city of Gondolin. A hidden ravine provided the only access through the Echoriath — a way guarded by seven gates.

Fingolfin, a High King of the Noldor, was buried in the Echoriath north of Gondolin, having been taken there by the eagle Thorondor after he was slain in his duel with Morgoth. Glorfindel was also buried in this place.

Eithel Ivrin

A series of small freshwater lakes, also called the Pools of Ivrin, under the shadow of the Ered Wethrin mountains. One of the most beautiful sights in all of Beleriand, the pools were beloved by Finduilas of Nargothrond, who was given the nickname Falivrin after the Sun on the Pools of Ivrin by Gwindor.

The river Narog began here. Túrin Turambar was healed from his daze after killing Beleg at the site by Gwindor. Glaurung came by it on his way to Nargothrond, and defiled them. Túrin, passing north to his old home, found them ruined.

Eithel Sirion

The source of the River Sirion. Fingolfin built a great fortress in this location called Barad Eithel.

Ered Lómin

Mountains that form the western edge of Hithlum. Hidden in this mountain range is Cirith Ninniach, guarded by the gate of the Noldor.

Estolad

(S. 'encampment') A wide plain in East Beleriand. After the first Men arrived from beyond the Ered Luin, they camped for a number of years on the plain before moving further west and north. It is located in between rivers Celon and Gelion just west of Thargelion. The Great Dwarf Road runs through it.

F

Fens of Serech

A series of marshes in the Pass of Sirion where many Battles of Beleriand were fought. Formed by the confluence of the rivers Sirion and Rivil, the Fens were trapped in a wedge formed by the Ered Wethrin and the highlands of Dorthonion.

During the Dagor-nuin-Giliath the Orcs of Morgoth were caught in the Fens for ten days, where they were being destroyed by the enraged Sons of Fëanor. During the Dagor Bragollach, Finrod Felagund was caught in the Fens, and would have died but for the bravery of Barahir. During the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Huor and Húrin with the remaining Men of Dor-lómin formed a living wall across the Fens of Serech to guard the withdrawal of King Turgon of Gondolin, who took most of the surviving Noldor with him.

Fords of Aros

See Arossiach

Forest between Rivers

See Taur-im-Duinath

G

Gate of the Noldor

See Annon-in-Gelydh

H

Haudh-en-Ndengin, Haudh-en-Nírnaeth

(S. 'mound of slain' and 'mound of tears' respectively) A great barrow hill raised by Morgoth's Orcs after the Nírnaeth Arnoediad to bury all those Elves and Edain fallen in the battle. It was also called the Hill of Tears and the Hill of the Slain. Legend had it that the hill was the only verdant spot in all the desert of Anfauglith.

The hill figures in the Tale of the Children of Húrin as the place where Morgoth taunted Húrin. It was also the dying place of Rían, the wife of Huor, who was buried in the mound.

Helevorn

See Lake Helevorn

High Faroth

See Taur-en-Faroth

Himlad

(S. 'cool plain') A land in northeast Beleriand situated between the rivers Celon and Aros. On its northern border to Lothlann were the hills of Himring and the March of Maedhros. Along with the Pass of Aglon, Himlad was held by Celegorm and Curufin until the Dagor Bragollach, after which it remained uninhabited.

I

Iant Iaur

(S. 'old bridge') A bridge over the Esgalduin north of Doriath, by which a road from Himring to the West Beleriand crossed the river. It was built during the Siege of Angband and guarded by the Sindar of Doriath, but after the Dagor Bragollach the bridge was destroyed.

Isle of Balar

A refugee camp of the Eldar and Edain, located in the great Bay of Balar to the south of Beleriand, and according to legend it was the northern tip of Tol Eressëa which had broken off when Ulmo ferried the Eldar to Aman.

L

Ladros

Northeastern part of the highland of Dorthonion. It was briefly a fief of the House of Bëor, but lost to Morgoth in the Dagor Bragollach.

There have been three Lords of Ladros: Boromir, Bregor and Bregolas. Strictly speaking, Bregolas' brother Barahir has also been Lord of Ladros, but he never reigned his fief, as in Bregolas' time Morgoth overwhelmed Dorthonion and Ladros in the Dagor Bragollach, in which Bregolas himself was slain. His brother Barahir and twelve faithful men, including his son Beren, became outlaws in their own land, assaulting Morgoth's forces from their hidden lair at Tarn Aeluin on the southern borders of Ladros. They were betrayed by Gorlim the Unhappy, and all were slain but Beren, who escaped into the south.

Lake Helevorn

A shaded lake that was used as a capital by the Elven-lord Caranthir in the First Age. However, during the Siege of Angband the lake was defiled by Glaurung.

Losgar

The place of the burning of the ships of the Teleri by Fëanor, at the mouth of the Firth of Drengist.

Lothlann

A "wide and empty" plain to the northeast of Beleriand, beyond the March of Maedhros and Maglor's Gap.

M

Meres of Twilight

See Aelin-uial

Minas Tirith

a tower on Tol Sirion that guarded the Pass of Sirion. Minas Tirith was built early in the First Age by Finrod to keep watch upon the doings of Morgoth on the northern plain of Ard-galen and prevent passage south by Orcs through the Pass of Sirion, the West Gate of Beleriand. It was under the command of Finrod's brother Orodreth.

In 457 First Age it was stormed and taken by Sauron. Sauron, then also known as Gorthaur, made it a place of such terror and horror it was renamed Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves.

Mount Dolmed

A mountain in the Ered Luin that loomed over the only known pass from Eriador into Beleriand. It was here that according to Dwarves two of their Fathers, the founders of the Broadbeams and the Firebeards, awoke. Their descendants later established the Dwarven cities of Nogrod and Belegost. Nogrod was established near and under Mount Dolmed itself, Belegost lay more to the north.

After the War of Wrath the Ered Luin were broken at the location of Mount Dolmed and an arm of the sea, the Gulf of Lune, broke through it. Mount Dolmed was completely destroyed together with Nogrod.

Mount Rerir

A peak of the Ered Luin in Thargelion to the north of Lake Helevorn and the sources of Greater Gelion. The land around the mountain belonged to Caranthir, who built a fortress on its western slopes. The fortress was destroyed during Dagor Bragollach and the Elves retreated to Amon Ereb.

N

Nan-tathren

(S. 'valley of willows') The region, famed for its flowers, where the River Narog flowed into River Sirion in Southern Beleriand. The equivalent Quenya names Tasarinan and Nan-Tasirion are used by Treebeard. Following the sack of Gondolin its survivors, led by Tuor, temporarily rested in Nan-tathren on their way to the mouths of Sirion.

Nan Dungortheb

('Valley of Dreadful Death') The wilderness south of Ered Gorgoroth and Dorthonion, east of Dimbar and the river Mindeb, west of Dor Dínen and the Esgalduin, and north of Neldoreth and Doriath. It is named after Ungoliant, who resided there after escaping the Balrogs of Morgoth and Lammoth. It is also named for its proximity to the Ered Gorgoroth, where Ungoliant's ancestors haunted the deep vales of the mountains and its closeness to the shadowy webs of the Girdle of Melian.

Nen Girith

(S. 'Shuddering Water') A cascading waterfall on the stream of Celebros, where it flowed down to meet the River Taeglin on the borders of Brethil. The falls raise a fine spray into the air, from which they took their original name, Dimrost 'Rainy Stair'. Above Dimrost, the Men of Brethil had constructed a wooden bridge to cross the Celebros.

From the bridge, a wide view could be seen, showing the Ravines of Taeglin two miles (3.2 kilometres) distant. When Níniel was first brought to Brethil, when she saw that view from the bridge, she started shivering uncontrollably - so much so that the name of Dimrost was changed to Nen Girith. It was only later that the cause of her foresightful fear was discovered: the Ravines she had seen from the bridge would be the place of her tragic death.

Nevrast

A coastal region in the north of Beleriand. The name means Hither Shore in Sindarin, as opposed to the Distant Shore of Aman and was originally applied to all the shores of Beleriand (although Nevrast was usually not included in West Beleriand).

Nevrast was the centre of an Elven kingdom of Turgon for about a century until ca. 125 F.A., when the people began their trek to Gondolin. Turgon's capital (and it seems the only city of Nevrast) was Vinyamar. The land was not permanently inhabited after that, and indeed was utterly abandoned until Tuor came there, guided by Ulmo.

Nevrast was the first part of Beleriand the Noldor settled, but was previously inhabited by Sindar. Nevrast' population was soon very mixed, far more so than any other region of Beleriand.

Nogrod

In the fictional history of J. R. R. Tolkien's Arda, Nogrod was one of the two western most Dwarven cities, to the south of Mount Dolmed in the Ered Luin of Middle-earth, home to the Dwarven Clan known as the Firebeards.

Known as Nogrod by the Sindar of Beleriand, which translates into modern English as "The Hollowbold", its true name given to it by the Firebeards in their own language Khuzdul was Tumunzahar, of unknown meaning.

P

Pass of Aglon, illustration by Matěj Čadil

Pass of Aglon

(S. 'high walls') A narrow mountain pass between Ered Gorgoroth to the west and Himring to the east. It was of strategic importance since it joined Himlad and Lothlann, being an eastern passage from Angband to the main Beleriand. It was guarded by Celegorm and Curufin but during the Dagor Bragollach of Y.S. 455 Aglon was breached and the brothers fled to Nargothrond. Some time later (around 469) Maedhros recovered it, but it was again left unguarded when he fled after the Nírnaeth Arnoediad.

R

Rainbow Cleft

See Cirith Ninniach

Region

A forest forming the southern part of Doriath, bounded by the rivers Aros and Esgalduin, and the Girdle of Melian. Its name is pronounced "reg-ion" because it is an Elvish name, not "region" as in "a region of land".

Rerir

See Mount Rerir

S

Sarn Athrad

(S. 'ford of stones'). A ford on the River Gelion where the Dwarf road from Nogrod and Belegost crossed on its way to Doriath. It was the site where Beren Erchamion, with the aid of the Green-elves of Ossiriand, ambushed a host of Dwarves carrying the Nauglamír back to Nogrod after stealing it from Doriath.

T

Talath Dirnen

(S. 'watched plain') The empty lands between Nargothrond and Doriath in West Beleriand, guarded by the followers of Finrod Felagund.

Tarn Aeluin

A clear blue mountain lake in the highlands of Dorthonion, said to have been hallowed by Melian. It was here that the outlaws of Barahir hid from Morgoth's forces after the Dagor Bragollach.

Tasarinan

See Nan-tathren

Taur-en-Faroth

(S. 'forest of hunting') A forest that lay upon the hills of High Faroth about and to the south of Nargothrond.

Taur-im-Duinath

(S. 'forest between two rivers') A dark and gloomy forest that extended over a vast area of land to the south of Beleriand. It was roughly bordered by Andram in the north, Sirion and Belegaer to the west and by Gelion to the east and south. On the map drawn by Christopher Tolkien for The Silmarillion the Forest between Rivers is shown as exceptionally swampy, and in the text is described as "a wild land of tangled forest in which no folk went, save here and there a few Dark Elves wandering".^[5]

Thargelion

(S. 'beyond Gelion') The land east of the river Gelion and north of the river Ascar, and therefore not counted as part of Ossiriand. After the Exile of the Noldor this was the land of Caranthir, one of the Sons of Fëanor, and after him it was often called Dor Caranthir. The Second House of Men briefly dwelt here until they were nearly wiped out in an Orc-raid.

The second month of spring in the Attic calendar is also called Thargelion.

Tol Galen

The green isle that lay between two arms of the River Adurant in the south of Ossiriand. There Beren and Lúthien lived out their mortal lives.

V

Vinyamar

A settlement built by Turgon in Nevrast on the slopes of Mount Taras at the beginning of the First Age. Vinyamar's population was primarily Noldor, with a large influx of Sindarin Elves.

The city was abandoned in Y.S. Sun at Ulmo's behest, who suggested to Turgon that he and his people seek a new home that would be hidden from the eyes of Morgoth. Vinyamar was abandoned and fell into decay, but when Tuor was guided there by Ulmo he still found remnants of the great city.

W

Woods of Núath

A wooded area in the north-west of Beleriand. It was bordered in the west by the hills lying south of the Ered Wethrin, and in the east by Eithel Ivrin, the source of Narog. The river Ginglith began in it. Because the woods do not appear in the published Silmarillion, they were left off the map of Beleriand drawn by Christopher Tolkien.

References and notes

1. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Unfinished Tales, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Narn i Hîn Húrin: "The Coming of Glaurung", ISBN 0-395-29917-9 
2. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Ch. 21 "Of Túrin Turambar", p. 223-4, emphasis added, ISBN 0-395-25730-1 
3. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The War of the Jewels, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, The Wanderings of Húrin, p. 296, ISBN 0-395-71041-3 
4. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Unfinished Tales, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, "Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin", ISBN 0-395-29917-9 
5. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Ch. 14 "Of Beleriand and its Realms", p. 123, ISBN 0-395-25730-1