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Coordinates: 51°40′44″N 1°30′22″W / 51.679°N 1.506°W / 51.679; -1.506

Buckland
Buckland church Oxfordshire.jpg
St. Mary the Virgin parish church
Buckland is located in Oxfordshire
Buckland

 Buckland shown within Oxfordshire
Population 553 (2001 Census)[1]
OS grid reference SU3498
Parish Bourton
District Vale of White Horse
Shire county Oxfordshire
Region South East
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Faringdon
Postcode district SN7
Dialling code 01367
Police Thames Valley
Fire Oxfordshire
Ambulance South Central
EU Parliament South East England
UK Parliament Wantage
List of places: UK • England • Oxfordshire

Buckland is a village and civil parish in the Vale of White Horse district of the English county of Oxfordshire. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire.

Contents

Character and location

Buckland is an estate village[2], created to house those working at Buckland House.

The village is about 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Faringdon.[3] 4[4] The River Thames forms the northern boundary of the parish, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the village. The parish church of St. Mary the Virgin is at grid reference SU342982 and Buckland House at grid reference SU338981[4].

The soil of Buckland is a rich, sandy loam with the subsoil consisting of Corallian Beds and Oxford Clay.[5]

History

Early variant spellings of Buckland included:

  • Boclande (10th century)[6]
  • Bocheland (11th century)
  • Bochelanda (12th century)
  • Boclonde, Bokeland, Bikeland (13th century)[5]

The history of Buckland is inextricably linked with that of the manor of Buckland and its owners:

  • The earliest known written record of Buckland is from AD 957 in a charter when King Edgar the Peaceful granted Duke Ælfheah ten hides[6] which covered the area of Buckland.
  • During the reign of Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), Buckland was owned by Ulvric Chenp[5].
  • It is mentioned in the Domesday Book as being part of the lands of Bishop Osbern of 'Gamesfel Hundret' (known as Gainfield today) in 1086.[6]. However, his right wasn't established and the case had already been sent before the king, William the Conqueror. The estate was assessed as 8 hides and consisted of a mill, four fisheries and a dairy farm producing 10 wheys of cheese a year. Its value was given as £8[5].
  • Hugh de Buckland is recorded as the next owner and occupier of the land as well as another estate in Buckland.[5][7]
  • At the end of the twelfth century, William de Buckland (probably the great-grandson of Hugh de Buckland) had ownership of the land. He died about 1215.[5]
  • William de Buckland left three daughters as his heirs - Maud Davranches, Hawise de Boville and Joan de Ferrers. When he died, the estate went to Maud, wife of William Davranches.[5]
  • In 1230 Maud's husband died. She married Hamo de Crevequer who accordingly attained ownership of the estate. In 1245, they gave the manor to their daughter Agnes and any future heirs.[5]
  • When Hamo de Crevequer died in 1262 leaving Maud and their daughters - Agnes, Elenanor, Isabel and Iseult. Buckland was assigned to Iseult, the wife of Nicholas de Lenham.[5]
  • Iseult died shortly after her fathers death. She and Nicholas left a son, John, aged 12. In 1263, wardship of Buckland was given to Eubold de Montibus who in turn have the manor to Philip Bassett until John came of age. In 1267, John de Lenham took pessession of the manor.[5]
  • Prior to 1545, Buckland was held by the De La Poles, Dukes of Suffolk.[8]
  • In 1545, the manor of Buckland passed to the Yate family.[8]
  • In 1690, it was passed by marriage to the Throckmortons of Coughton Court in Warwickshire. They went on to build much of the current estate[9].
  • In the mid 1750s, Sir Robert Throckmorton had a new house built, Buckland House. The old manor house became his stables.

For the later history of the manor, see Buckland House.

Notable buildings

Buckland House

Main article: Buckland House

Buckland House is a large Georgian stately home and the manor house of Buckland. It is a masterpiece of Palladian architecture erected by John Wood, the Younger for Sir Robert Throckmorton in 1757.[7]

Other manor houses

Buckland Manor House was the manor house of Buckland until Buckland House was built in 1757, when it was converted into stables[5]. However, in the mid-20th century, the building again became a private house. It was built in the late 16th century and is a two storey eastward facing rectangular block, refaced in Georgian Gothic style.

Barcote Manor or Park is a Tudor Revival house built in 1876 for Lady Theodora Guest. She sold it to the millionaire, William West, Director of the Great Western Railway, in 1881. It later became a boarding school, the Barcote School of Coaching, and has now been converted into flats.[10] A previous building on the site was the home of the Holcott family from 1230 to 1586.[5]

Carswell House is a gabled building originally built by John Southby, both JP and MP for Berkshire, in the early 17th century. Major additions were added in the Victorian period. The Southbys lived on the site from 1584 to 1892.[5]

Churches

The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin is largely a 12th century building, with 13th century chancel, tower and transepts and some minor Victorian additions. The main north and south nave doors are unusual in having a matching pair of Norman arches. In the chancel is a triangular locker containg the heart-burial (1575) of William Holcott of Barcote Manor. He was a staunch Protestant who only just avoided being burnt at the stake by Mary Tudor. After the Reformation, he became a zealous lay preacher, often gracing the pulpit in his "velvet bonnet and damask gown...sometimes with a gold chain". There are a number of 14th century tomb recesses, an inscribed slab with a floriated cross to Dame Felice la Blonde and a number of monuments to the Yates of Buckland Manor, including the brass of John Yate (1578). The church also houses a 14th century octagonal font, a late 12th century Crusader Chest, hatchments to the Throckmortons and bells dating back to 1636. The magnificent Barcote Chapel is famed for its decorative mosaic work (1890-92) to the memory of Clara Jane, wife of William West, of Barcote Manor.[5]

Saint George's Roman Catholic Church is Victorian church, built in a 14th century style for the Throckmortons of Buckland House. It consists of a chancel, north chapel, nave, south porch and western bellcote.[5]

Others

  • Old post office - Buckland previously had a post office reporting to Faringdon[3]. A photograph sold by a commercial web site shows the post office in existence in 1965[11]. Today, the building is used as a private residence known as the Old Post House[12].
  • Draper's shop - The former Draper's shop, built in the 18th century, is now a house known as Hedges.[13]
  • Buckland School - In 1793 Henry Southby of Carswell House founded a free school for boys and girls in Buckland. Others helped provided additional funds to the school and in 1868 it had an income of £60 per annum, £40 from Henry Southby and £20 from other charities.[8]
The Lamb Inn, Buckland
  • Lamb Inn - The main building of The Lamb Inn dates from the seventeenth[14] or eighteenth[15] century although the restaurant was added towards the end of the twentieth century.[14] As of 2008, the Lamb Inn is owned by Peta and Paul Barnard who previously owned The Plough at Clanfield (the winner of a Michelin star).[14]
  • Almshouses - In 1240, an almshouse was founded and stood in a place now called Warnfords.[5]

Statistics

19th and 20th century

Various sources have been collated by the University Of Portsmouth and others to give an insight into Buckland in the 19th and 20th centuries. (The information quoted is for the civil parish of Buckland as defined at each time period.)

The earliest published figure for the population of Buckland is from 1801 (although it is recorded in the 1851 census) at 727 people. The population steadily increased and by 1851, there are 987 people living in Buckland. From here is begins a steady decline and after a further 50 years in 1901, the Buckland population is down to 665 people. It varies a little over the next fifty years but by 1951 is down to 636 people. By 1971, 597 people are recorded in Buckland[16] compared to the 553 recorded in the 2001 census.

In a snapshot taken in 1831, 70.7% of the male Buckland population over 20 were working as labourers and servants. 13.3% of people were small farmers, master and skilled workers. 10.8% were employers and professionals[17]. A more detailed breakdown shows that 54.4% of people were employed as agricultural labourers, 12.9% in retail and handicrafts as well as 8.8% as servants[18]. (Base 249 males aged 20+)

21st century

The United Kingdom Census 2001 provided an insight into Buckland in the 21st century. (The information quoted is for Output Area 38UEHE0002, the smallest level of geography published in the 2001 census. This area contained 292 people living in Buckland as opposed to the 553 in the civil parish of Buckland.)

Demographics

  • 52.7% of the Buckland population were female compared to 51.3% in England generally. [Base 292 people]
  • There were 7 people in Buckland aged 16/17 and 3 people aged 18+ in full time education.[19]
  • The age range of the Buckland population ranged from babies under 1 year old (3 infants) up to people aged between 85 and 89 (4 people). The modal age is 57.[20]
  • In the adult population of Buckland, 32.6% were classed as social grade AB, 34.3% grade C1, 13.5% grade C2, 7.4% grade D and 12.2% grade E.[21] [Base 230 people aged 16+]
  • In the working population of Buckland, this changed to 20.6% classed as AB, 33.7% grade C1, 18.1% grade C2 and 27.6% grade D.[22] [Base 199 people aged 16+ in employment]
  • 90.5% of people in Buckland were born in the United Kingdom - 253 from England, 3 from Scotland, 3 from Northern Ireland and 9 from Wales. [Base 268 people]
  • 3 people living in Buckland were born in the Republic Of Ireland, 6 people elsewhere in the European Union (3 from Finland, 3 from The Netherlands) and 3 people elsewhere in Europe.
  • 6 people in Buckland were from Asia (3 from Malaysia, 3 from Singapore), 7 from North America (United States Of America) and 3 from Oceania (New Zealand).[23]
  • 46.2% of the Buckland population were in their first marriage, 34.2% were single, 8.6% were married for the second time, 5.5% were widowed, 4.1% were divorced and 1.4% were separated.[24] [Base 292 people]
  • In terms of the educational standard of the people of Buckland:[25] [Base 214 people]
    • 35.5% of people were educated to the highest recorded level (first degree, higher degree, NVQ levels 4 and 5, HNC, HND or a qualified teacher, medical doctor, dentist, nurse, midwife of health visitor (compared to 19.9% in the whole of England)
    • 9.8% of people were educated to the level of or more A'Levels, 4 or more AS levels, a Higher School Certificate, NVQ level 3 or an Advanced GNVQ. (England 8.3%)
    • 24.3% of people were educated to the level of 5 or more O'Levels, 5 or more CSEs, 5 or more GCSEs, a School Certificate, an A'Level or AS Level, NVQ Level 2 or an Intermediate GNVQ qualification. (England 19.4%)
    • 10.3% of people were educated to the level of 1 or more O'Level, CSE, GCSE or hold an NVQ level 1 or a Foundation GNVQ. (England 2.8%)
    • 15.4% of people had no qualification. (England 28.9%)
  • 84.5% of Buckland residents considered themselves to be Christian.[26] (Base 290 people)

Housing

  • Of the "household spaces" in Buckland 6% were flats, maisonettes or apartments, 3 of which were purpose built. Of the 125 houses 55 were detached properties, 44 semi-detached and 26 terraced.[27] [Base 133 household spaces]
  • 122 people in Buckland lived in the detached properties, 100 in the semi-detached properties, 51 in the terraced properties and 10 in the flats, maisonettes or apartments.[28]
  • Of the households in Buckland occupied at the time of the census 9% had no central heating.[29] [Base 121 houses]
  • 22.2% of households in Buckland had a single occupier and 75.4% had a single family. [Base 126 households]
  • 53.6% of single person households were a pensioner living on their own. [Base 28 households]
  • 67.4% of family households were headed by a married couple, 10.5% by a cohabiting couple, 15.8% by a pensioner couple and 6.3% by lone parents. [Base 95 households]
  • Most married couple households consisted of just the couple themselves (46.9%) although 34.4% had 2 dependent children. [Base 64]
  • Most cohabiting couple households also consisted of just the couple themselves (70%).[30] [Base 10]
  • At the time of the 2001 census 3.7% of households in Buckland were unoccupied and vacant, 9.0% were simply vacant on census day and 5.2% were holiday or second homes.[31] [Base 134 households]
  • Most households (42.7%) had two people living in them. However, 2.4% of households consisted of six people and another 2.4% of households had five people living there.[32] [Base 124 households]
  • There were 0.21 people living in Buckland per hectare, compared to the English average of 3.77 people/hectare.[33]
  • 65.6% of households in Buckland were owned by the resident (35.3% with a mortgage, 30.3% owned outright) whilst 27.0% were rented (24.5% from a landlord, 2.5% from relatives or friends).[34] [Base 122 households]

Transportation

  • The people of Buckland had 205 cars and vans between them at the time of the census.
  • 7.4% of households had no cars or vans but 2.5% of households had 4 or more cars/vans. [Base 121 households]
  • The modal number of cars/vans was 2 per household (44.6% of households) and 33.1% had one car or van.[35] [Base 121 households]
  • 5.5% of people in employment traveled more than 16 km to work. 24.1% of people in employment worked mainly at home whilst 21.1% of working people traveled between 5 km - 10 km to reach work.[36] [Base 199 people in employment]

Employment

  • 74.6% of the people in Buckland were economically active. [Base 213 people]
  • Of those that were economically inactive 44.4% were retired and 31.5% looked after the home and/or family. [Base 54 economically inactive people]
  • Of those economically active, 71.7% were employees and the rest were self employed.[37] [Base 159 economically active people]
  • 25.7% of working people in Buckland worked part time. [Base 152 people]
  • Of the part time workers, 59% worked 16–30 hours per week with 7.7% working 1–2 hours per week. [Base 39 people]
  • Of the full time workers in Buckland, 21.2% worked 60 or more hours per week. 42.5% of people worked 38 to 48 hours per week.[38] [Base 113 people]
  • The working people of Buckland were employed in the following occupations at the time of the census:[39] [Base 151 people]
  • The working people of Buckland were employed at the following levels:[40] [Base 236 people]
    • 34.3% Lower Managerial & Professional Occupations (compared to 23.5% in the whole of England)
    • 25.0% Small Employers & Own Account Workers (England 11.3%)
    • 21.2% Higher Managerial & Professional Occupations (England 14.0%)
    • 7.6% Lower Supervisory & Technical Occupations (England 10.5%)
    • 3.8% Intermediate Occupations (England 7.4%)
    • 3.4% Routine Occupations (England 10.8%)
    • 1.7% Semi-Routine Occupations (England 11.0%)
  • 61.3% of the working population in Buckland travelled to work by car, 21.9% worked mainly at home and 7.1% walked to work.[41] [Base 155 people]

Health

  • 84.2% of people in Buckland were in good health, 12.7% were in fairly good health and the remaining 3.1% were not in good health.[42] [Base 292 people]
  • 9.2% of Buckland residents suffered from a limiting long-term illness.[43] [Base 292 people]

Literature

In 1774 Henry James Pye, the poet laureate to George III, wrote a poem called Faringdon Hill. One part of the poem refers to Buckland:

See Buckland here her lovely scenes display,
which rude erewhile in rich disorder lay
til Taste and Genius with corrective hand
spread Culture's nicest vesture o'er the land,
and called each latent beauty to the fight;
clothed the declining slopes with pendant wood,
and o'er the sedge grown meadows poured the floor.[6]

References

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  2. ^ "Visit Vale website: Villages In The Vale". http://www.visitvale.com/site/villages. Retrieved 2008-09-13.  
  3. ^ a b Wilson, John Marius (1870-72). Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales. Edinburgh: A Fullarton & Co. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/gaztext_page.jsp?u_id=10201548&c_id=10001043.  
  4. ^ a b "Buckland House, Oxfordshire Summary". Parks & Gardens UK. http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,615/Itemid,292/. Retrieved 2008-09-20.  
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Page, William; Ditchfield, PH (eds.) (1924). The Victoria History of the County of Berkshire Volume 4. St Catherine Press. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=62747.  
  6. ^ a b c d Wright, Andrew (1966). The History of Buckland.  
  7. ^ a b Ford, David Nash (2001). "Buckland Park". Royal Berkshire History. http://www.berkshirehistory.com/castles/buckland_park.html. Retrieved 2008-09-19.  
  8. ^ a b c Hamilton, NES (ed.) (1868). The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland. London: JS Virtue. http://www.brazell.net/genuki/BRK/Buckland/.  
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  14. ^ a b c "Cotswold Review: The Lamb Inn" (PDF). http://www.thelambatbuckland.co.uk/Lamb%20Inn%20Cotswold%20Review.pdf. Retrieved 2008-09-18.  
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  37. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - Economic Activity". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221573641687&enc=1&dsFamilyId=107. Retrieved 2008-09-16.  
  38. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - Hours Worked". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221634137266&enc=1&dsFamilyId=127. Retrieved 2008-09-17.  
  39. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - Industry Of Employment". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221634137266&enc=1&dsFamilyId=119. Retrieved 2008-09-17.  
  40. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - NS-SeC Of Household Reference Person/People Under Pensionable Age". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221735118150&enc=1&dsFamilyId=115. Retrieved 2008-09-18.  
  41. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - Method Of Travel To Work/Resident Population". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221732422250&enc=1&dsFamilyId=125. Retrieved 2008-09-18.  
  42. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - General Health". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221607969953&enc=1&dsFamilyId=97. Retrieved 2008-09-17.  
  43. ^ "Office For National Statistics website: Neighbourhood statistics - Limiting Long-Term Illness". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=481389&c=SN7+8QS&d=15&e=16&g=481389&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1221666589500&enc=1&dsFamilyId=101. Retrieved 2008-09-17.  

External links

The District of the Vale of White Horse
Oxfordshire • County Council elections • District Council elections • Wantage County Constituency • Oxford West and Abingdon County Constituency
Towns OxfordshireValeOfWhiteHorse.png
Large Villages
Other Civil
Parishes
(Component
Villages
and Hamlets)
Appleford-on-Thames • Appleton-with-Eaton (Appleton, Eaton) • Ardington (Ardington Wick) • Ashbury • Baulking • Besselsleigh • Bourton • Buckland (Gainfield) • Buscot • Charney Bassett • Childrey • Coleshill • Compton Beauchamp • Denchworth • East Hanney • Eaton Hastings • Fernham • Frilford • Fyfield and Tubney (Fyfield, Tubney, Netherton) • Garford • Goosey • Great Coxwell • Hatford (Little Hatford) • Hinton Waldrist (Duxford) • Kingston Lisle • Letcombe Bassett • Letcombe Regis • Little Coxwell • Littleworth • Lockinge (East Lockinge, West Lockinge) • Longcot • Longworth (Southmoor) • Lyford • Milton • Pusey • Shellingford • South Hinksey (Hinksey Hill)• Sparsholt • Uffington • Upton • Watchfield • West Challow • West Hanney • West Hendred • Woolstone • Wytham (Seacourt)
Former Districts
and Boroughs
Former
Constituencies
List of Parliamentary constituencies in Oxfordshire • List of places in Oxfordshire • List of civil parishes in Oxfordshire

Coordinates: 51°40′48″N 1°30′14″W / 51.680°N 1.504°W / 51.680; -1.504








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