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Buryat Republic (English)
Республика Бурятия (Russian)
Буряад Республика (Buryat)
-  Republic  -
Map of Russia - Buryat Republic (2008-03).svg
Coat of Arms of Buryatiya.svg
Coat of arms of Buryatia		 Flag of Buryatia.svg
Flag of Buryatia
Anthem National Anthem of the Buryat Republic[citation needed]
Political status
Country Russia
Political status Republic
Federal district Siberian[1]
Economic region East Siberian[2]
Capital Ulan-Ude[citation needed]
Official languages Russian[3]; Buryat[4]
Statistics
Population (2002 Census)[5] 981,238 inhabitants
- Rank within Russia 56th
- Urban[5] 59.6%
- Rural[5] 40.4%
- Density 3 /km2 (0/sq mi)[6]
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7] 351,300 km2 (135,637.7 sq mi)
- Rank within Russia 15th
Established May 30, 1923[citation needed]
License plates 03
ISO 3166-2:RU RU-BU
Time zone IRKT/IRKST (UTC+8/+9)
Government (as of October 2008)
President[8] Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn[9]
Legislature People's Khural[8]
Constitution Constitution of the Buryat Republic
Official website
http://egov-buryatia.ru/

Buryatia, officially the Buryat Republic (Russian: Республика Бурятия, Respublika Buryatiya; Buryat: Буряад Республика, Buryaad Respublika), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its area is slightly over 350,000 km² with a population of almost one million. Its capital is Ulan-Ude.

Contents

Geography

Buryatia countryside just south of Ulan-Ude

Buryatia is located in the South-Central region of Siberia along the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.

Rivers

Major rivers include:

Lakes

Mountains

Over 80% of the republic's territory is located in the mountainous region, including the Baikal Mountains on the northern shores of Lake Baikal.

Natural resources

Buryatia's natural resources include gold, tungsten, zinc, uranium and more.

Climate

  • Average annual temperature: −1.6 °C (29.1 °F)
  • Average January temperature: −22 °C (−7.6 °F)
  • Average July temperature: +18 °C (64.4 °F)
  • Average annual precipitation: 244 millimeters (9.6 in)

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Buryatia

Demographics

A Buryat native walks into the Ivolginsky datsan, one of the most important Buddhist temples in Russia.
  • Population: 981,238 (2002)
    • Urban: 584,970 (59.6%)
    • Rural: 396,268 (40.4%)
    • Male: 467,984 (47.7%)
    • Female: 513,254 (52.3%)
  • Females per 1000 males: 1,097
  • Average age: 31.6 years
    • Urban: 31.2 years
    • Rural: 32.2 years
    • Male: 29.4 years
    • Female: 33.9 years
  • Number of households: 322,289 (with 958,402 people)
    • Urban: 197,651 (with 566,755 people)
    • Rural: 124,638 (with 391,647 people)
  • Vital statistics
Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service]
Births Deaths Birth rate Death rate
1970 14,766 6,301 18.1 7.7
1975 17,751 7,586 20.6 8.8
1980 19,859 8,734 21.6 9.5
1985 23,975 9,529 24.1 9.6
1990 19,185 9,602 18.3 9.1
1991 16,868 9,753 16.0 9.3
1992 13,944 10,347 13.3 9.9
1993 11,981 12,388 11.5 11.9
1994 12,327 13,650 11.9 13.1
1995 12,311 12,588 11.9 12.2
1996 12,159 12,441 11.8 12.1
1997 11,555 12,111 11.3 11.8
1998 11,746 11,481 11.6 11.3
1999 11,468 13,114 11.4 13.0
2000 11,654 13,155 11.6 13.1
2001 11,678 13,858 11.8 14.0
2002 12,830 14,404 13.0 14.6
2003 13,177 15,056 13.5 15.4
2004 13,399 14,868 13.8 15.3
2005 13,551 15,144 14.0 15.7
2006 14,193 13,930 14.8 14.5
2007 15,460 12,802 16.1 13.3
2008 16,372 12,948 17.0 13.5
  • Ethnic groups

According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians make up two thirds of the republic's population, while the ethnic Buryats are only 27.8%. Other groups include Ukrainians (1.0%), Tatars (0.8%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

1926 census 1 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census
Buryats 214,957 (43.8%) 116,382 (21.3%) 135,798 (20.2%) 178,660 (22.0%) 206,860 (23.0%) 249,525 (24.0%) 272,910 (27.8%)
Soyots 161 (0.0%) 2,739 (0.3%)
Russians 258,796 (52.7%) 393,057 (72.0%) 502,568 (74.6%) 596,960 (73.5%) 647,785 (72.0%) 726,165 (69.9%) 665,512 (67.8%)
Ukrainians 1,982 (0.4%) 13,392 (2.5%) 10,183 (1.5%) 10,769 (1.3%) 15,290 (1.7%) 22,868 (2.2%) 9,585 (1.0%)
Tatars 3,092 (0.6%) 3,840 (0.7%) 8,058 (1.2%) 9,991 (1.2%) 10,290 (1.1%) 10,496 (1.0%) 8,189 (0.8%)
Evenks 2,808 (0.6%) 1,818 (0.3%) 1,335 (0.2%) 1,685 (0.2%) 1,543 (0.2%) 1,679 (0.2%) 2,334 (0.2%)
Others 9,440 (1.9%) 17,277 (3.2%) 15,384 (2.3%) 14,186 (1.7%) 17,630 (2.0%) 27,519 (2.7%) 19,969 (2.0%)
  1. In 1926, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR included Aga Buryatia, Ust-Orda Buryatia and the Olkhon district. These territories were transferred to the Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts in 1937. Consequently, the results of the 1926 census cannot be compared to the results of the censuses of 1939 and later.

Demographics for 2007[1]

Raion Births Deaths Growth Pp (2007) BR DR NGR
Buryatia 12,337 9,833 2,504 960,000 17.13 13.66 0.35%
Ulan-Ude 4,260 3,517 743 373,300 15.22 12.56 0.27%
Bichursky District 339 318 21 26,900 16.80 15.76 0.10%
Dzhidinsky District 512 309 203 30,800 22.16 13.38 0.88%
Yeravninsky District 244 191 53 18,600 17.49 13.69 0.38%
Zaigrayevsky District 714 630 84 48,700 19.55 17.25 0.23%
Zakamensky District 492 322 170 30,400 21.58 14.12 0.75%
Ivolginsky District 498 320 178 31,000 21.42 13.76 0.77%
Kabansky District 702 779 -77 64,400 14.53 16.13 -0.16%
Kizhinginsky District 303 192 111 18,700 21.60 13.69 0.79%
Kyakhtinsky District 629 393 236 40,500 20.71 12.94 0.78%
Mukhorshibirsky District 338 319 19 28,000 16.10 15.19 0.09%
Pribaykalsky District 423 357 66 28,900 19.52 16.47 0.30%
Selenginsky District 628 522 106 47,500 17.63 14.65 0.30%
Tarbagataysky District 205 216 -11 16,900 16.17 17.04 -0.09%
Tunkinsky District 304 249 55 23,000 17.62 14.43 0.32%
Khorinsky District 314 222 92 19,200 21.81 15.42 0.64%
Barguzinsky District 367 272 95 25,600 19.11 14.17 0.49%
Bauntovsky Evenkiysky District 126 92 34 10,500 16.00 11.68 0.43%
Kurumkansky District 232 129 103 15,600 19.83 11.03 0.88%
Muysky District 179 112 67 15,600 15.30 9.57 0.57%
Okinsky District 73 37 36 5,100 19.08 9.67 0.94%
Severo-Baykalsky District 196 161 35 15,200 17.19 14.12 0.31%
Severobaykalsk 259 174 85 25,600 13.49 9.06 0.44%

History

The area of the modern day Buryatia was first colonized in the 1600s by Russians in search of wealth, furs and gold. In 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created through the union of the Buryat-Mongol and Mongol-Buryat Oblasts. In 1937, Aga Buryatia and Ust-Orda Buryatia were detached from the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR and merged with the Chita and Irkutsk oblasts, respectively. Besides, the Olkhon district was transferred from the Buryat-Mongolina ASSR to the Irkutsk oblast.

Politics

Modern Buryat home with instruments, scrolls, and weapons typical of Buryatia

The parliament of Buryatia is the People's Khural of Buryatia.

The head of government in Buryatia is the President, who is appointed by the President of Russia for a four-year term. Between 1991-2007, the President was Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov, who was elected on July 1, 1994, re-elected in 1998 (with 63.25% of votes), and then re-elected again on June 23, 2002 (with over 67% of votes). Prior to the elections, Potapov was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic—the highest post at that time.

The Republic's parliament is the People's Khural, popularly elected every four years. The People's Khural has 65 deputies. Alexander Lubsanov is the current Chairman of the People's Khural from 2002.

The Republic's Constitution was adopted on February 22, 1994.

Economy

The republic's economy is composed of important agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite and textiles. Fishing, hunting, fur farming, sheep and cattle farming, mining, stock raising, engineering, and food processing are also important economic generators.

Education

The higher education institutions of the republic include Buryatia State University, Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, East Siberian State Academy of Arts and Culture, and East Siberian State Technological Institute.

Religion

Landscape of southern Buryatia

Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism, and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread religions in Buryatia.

Tourism

Lake Baikal is a popular tourist destination, especially in summer.

See also

References

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ According to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia, Russian is the official language on the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Article 68.2 further stipulates that only the republics have the right to establish official languages other than Russian.
  4. ^ Constitution, Article 67
  5. ^ a b c Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-01. 
  6. ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17. 
  8. ^ a b Constitution, Article 5.3
  9. ^ Official website of the President of the Buryat Republic. Biography of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Nagovitsyn

Sources

  • Верховный Совет Республики Бурятия. 22 февраля 1994 г. «Республика Бурятия. Конституция», в ред. Закона №332-IV от 7 июля 2008 г. (Supreme Council of the Buryat Republic. February 22, 1994 Buryat Republic. Constitution, as amended by the Law #332-IV of July 7, 2008. ).

Further reading

External links

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Travel guide

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikitravel

The Buryatia steppe, south of Ulan-Ude
The Buryatia steppe, south of Ulan-Ude

Buryatia [1] is a republic in Eastern Siberia, which borders Tuva to the west, Irkutsk to the northwest, Chita Oblast to the east, and Mongolia to the south.

  • Ulan-Ude — the capital
  • Arshan — a hot springs resort town in the Tunkinsky National Park, with a nearby Buddhist Temple in the woods
  • Gusinoozyorsk — a large coal town on Lake Gusinoye
  • Kyakhta — a town near the border with Mongolia founded in the 18th century as a trade center between Russia and the Qing Dynasty
  • Orlik — the principal town of the beautiful Oka region on the Border with Tuva and a convenient base for exploring nearby rivers, volcanos, and hot springs; great destination for horseback riding, mountain biking, whitewater rafting, and mountain climbing
  • Severobaikalsk — a large Baikal-Amur Mainline town on the northern shore of Lake Baikal
  • Tarbagatai — inhabited by the "heretical" Russian Orthodox Old Believers, this village is about 50km north of Ulan-Ude
  • Baikalsky Nature Reserve
  • Barguzinsky Nature Reserve
  • Dzerginsky Nature Reserve
  • Khoyto-Gol — a mountain hot springs spa
  • Lake Baikal — the deepest and oldest lake in the world and, by volume of water, also the planet's largest freshwater body or water.
  • Olkhon — the largest island in Lake Baikal.
  • Tunkinsky National Park
  • Zabaikalsky National Park

Understand

The republic was founded in 1923 with the joining of two territories and it currently has the status of a republic within the Russian Federation. Russians constitute the majority of the republic's one million inhabitants, although the native Tibetan Buddhist and Shamanist Buryats (a race of Mongolian descent) remain a large minority (about 30% of the population); indeed, the Buryats constitute Siberia's largest ethnic group after Russians.

Aside from its cultural attractions and capital, Buryatia is a nature lover's paradise. Almost 80% of the territory is covered by mountains, and more than half the shore-line of Lake Baikal falls under Buryatia's jurisdiction. Outside the capital Ulan Ude, the major tourist attractions include hot springs, Lake Baikal and Mongolian style Buddhist monasteries.

Talk

The indigenous Buryat language is widely spoken by the Buryat minority. Nonetheless, everyone understands Russian.

Get in

The Trans-Siberian Railway makes four stops in Buryatia, from west to east: Tankhoi, Babushkin, Ulan-Ude, and Zaigraevo.

Ulan-Ude Airport is served by domestic flights from Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, and Yakutsk. Passenger service to/from Ulaanbaatar has been discontinued.

Get around

Commercial bus lines will take you from Ulan-Ude to most locations within the region. To get to the Oka region and Orlik, however, you will need to hire or rent a jeep to make it down the long dirt road.

The Ulan-Ude–Naushki rail branch off the Trans-Siberian Railway will take travelers to Gusinoozyorsk.

  • Ivolginsky Buddhist Datsan [2] — a large Buddhist monastery 23 km outside of Ulan Ude; buses leave the central bus station in Ulan Ude at 10AM, 12 noon and 5:40PM for the forty minute journey (taking the later bus will mean having to spend the night in at the monastery guesthouse or returning by taxi)
  • take a hot spring bath at Khoyto-Gol Warm Springs in the Sayan Mountains - simple cabin accommodation available.
  • trekking, biking, and horseback riding in the Sayan Mountains - highest peak: Topographov Peak, 3044 mts.
  • whitewater rafting

Get out

The next major stops on the Trans-Siberian Railway are Irkutsk to the west; to the east, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky and Chita.

The Ulan-Ude–Naushki rail branch leads on to the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar.

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Wiktionary

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

Contents

English

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Wikipedia

Alternative spellings

Proper noun

Singular
Buryatia

Plural
-

Buryatia

  1. A republic of Russia to the south-east of the country, with capital Ulan-Ude.

Related terms

Translations

Buryatia, Russia







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