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Canyon de Chelly National Monument
U.S. National Monument
Canyon de Chelly, 1904, Edward S. Curtis
Location:	Apache County, Arizona, USA
Nearest city:	Chinle, Arizona
Coordinates:	36°08′01″N 109°28′10″W / 36.13361°N 109.46944°W / 36.13361; -109.46944Coordinates: 36°08′01″N 109°28′10″W / 36.13361°N 109.46944°W / 36.13361; -109.46944
Area:	83,840 acres (33,930 ha)
Visitation:	881,783 (2004)
Governing body:	National Park Service
Designated NMON:	April 1, 1931
Designated NRHP:	August 25, 1970

Canyon de Chelly National Monument was established on April 1, 1931 as a unit of the National Park Service. It is located in northeastern Arizona within the boundaries of the Navajo Nation. It preserves ruins of the early indigenous tribes that lived in the area, including the Ancient Pueblo Peoples (also called Anasazi) and Navajo. The monument covers 131 square miles (339 km²) and encompasses the floors and rims of the three major canyons: de Chelly, del Muerto, and Monument. These canyons were cut by streams with headwaters in the Chuska mountains just to the east of the monument.

Name

The name Chelly (or Chelley) is a Spanish borrowing of the Navajo word Tséyiʼ, which meaning "canyon" (literally "inside the rock" < tsé "rock" + -yiʼ "inside of, within"). The Navajo pronunciation is IPA: [tséɣiʔ]. The Spanish pronunciation of de Chelly [detʃeʝi] was adapted into English, apparently through modelling after a French-like spelling pronunciation, and is now pronounced /dəˈʃeɪ/ (dəshā').

Description

Canyon de Chelly is unique among National Park service units, as it consists entirely of Navajo Tribal Trust Land which remains in the ownership of the Navajo Nation and is home to the canyon community, while park matters are administered by the National Park Service.^[1] Access to the canyon floor is restricted, and visitors are allowed to travel in the canyons only when accompanied by a park ranger or an authorized Navajo guide. The only exception to this rule is the White House Ruin Trail. Most park visitors arrive by automobile and view Canyon de Chelly from the rim, following both North Rim Drive and South Rim Drive. Ancient ruins and geologic structures are visible, but in the distance, from turnoffs on each of these routes. Tours of the canyon floor can be booked at the visitor center. There is no fee to see the canyon.

The National Monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970.^[2]

The park's distinctive geologic feature is Spider Rock, a sandstone spire that rises 800 feet (240 m) from the canyon floor at the junction of Canyon de Chelly and Monument Canyon. Spider Rock can be seen from South Rim Drive. It has served as the scene of a number of television commercials. According to traditional Navajo beliefs the taller of the two spires is the home of spider woman.^[3]

Gallery

White House Ruins	Spider Rock	Canyon de Chelly, 1941, Ansel Adams photograph	False-color Landsat 7 image of the canyon (more information)
Satellite image of area with Canyon de Chelly National Monument marked as (CdC)	View of rocks	Canyon de Chelly	Canyon de Chelly
White House Ruins

See also

• Ancient Pueblo Peoples
• Mesa Verde National Park

References

• Grant, Campbell. "Canyon de Chelly: Its People and Rock Art" . University of Arizona Press, 1983. ISBN 0-8165-0523-3.

External links

• National Park Service: Canyon de Chelly National Monument
• National Park Service Geology Fieldnotes
• Canyon de Chelly Video

U.S. National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register · History of the National Register of Historic Places · Property types · Historic district · Contributing property List of entries National Park Service · National Historic Landmarks · National Battlefields · National Historic Sites · National Historical Parks · National Memorials · National Monuments

From Wikitravel

Canyon de Chelly National Monument [1] is a United States national monument that is located within the Navajo Nation in Northern Arizona.

Understand

Canyon de Chelly is unique among National Park service units, as it is comprised entirely of Navajo Tribal Trust Land that remains home to the canyon community. NPS works in partnership with the Navajo Nation to manage park resources and sustain the living Navajo community.

History

Canyon de Chelly has been occupied for millenia. In several places petroglyphs (rock carvings) and cliff houses of the Anasazi can be seen. The Navajo were living in the canyon when the Spanish first arrived in the 1700s. The next century was marked by repeated conflicts with the Spanish and other Indian tribes, and later with the US. Finally, in 1864, Kit Carson led a campaign to remove the Navajo to Fort Sumner. Cold and hungry, most surrendered and began the Long Walk to Fort Sumner. After four years of hardship, the Navajo signed a treaty with the US, which established the reservation. Presently a few dozen families live in the canyon at least part of the year, farming and herding.

Landscape

The National Monument actually comprises three canyons. Canyon del Muerto and Monument Canyon join to form Canyon de Chelly. At its mouth, the canyon floor is broad and flat. There is sufficient water for patches of lush vegetation. The canyon walls rise steeply for about a thousand feet.

Climate

The temperature can reach 100F on the canyon floor in the summer. Winter temperatures range from lows around 20F to highs of 40 or 60. With altitudes ranging from 5500 feet on the canyon floor to 7000 feet on the rim, it can be cold here in the spring and fall even when it is hot at lower altitudes. The weather can be changeable, with a little snow in the winter, and sudden thunderstorms in the summer and fall.

Get in

By car

Canyon de Chelly National Monument is located off US Route 191, about 1 hour and 15 minutes north of the town of Chambers, located at the intersection of US-191 and Interstate 40. Chambers is about 2 hours east of Flagstaff (with Petrified Forest National Park en route) and 2 hours and 40 minutes west of Albuquerque on I-40.

By train

The closest city with an Amtrak station is Gallup, New Mexico, about 45 minutes east of Chambers on Interstate 40. It is served by the Southwest Chief [2] Los Angeles - Chicago route.

By air

Canyon de Chelly National Monument is very far from any major airport. Your best bet would probably be Albuquerque International Sunport (IATA: ABQ) [3].

Fees/Permits

There are no fees to enter the park. To drive on the canyon bottom, a 4-wheel drive vehicle, a Park Service permit and an authorized Navajo guide are required. The fee is $15 an hour for 1 vehicle, $5 an hour for each additional vehicle with a 5-vehicle limit per guide. Hiking within the canyon requires a Park Service permit and an authorized Navajo guide, except along the 2.5-mile (4-km) White House Ruins Trail. One guide may take up to 15 people for $15 per hour.

See

Scenic overlooks along the North and South Rim Drives provide dramatic views of the canyon below, with its sheer walls. White House Trail leads to the only Anasazi ruin that can be visited without a guide.

Do

Take a tour of the canyon floor. Thunderbird Lodge offers full- and half-day tours in big six-wheel military transport vehicles, 928-674-5841.[4] Your guide will show you cliff houses and petrogylphs set against spectacular cliff walls. You will learn of the Navajo's history in the canyon, including the deaths of 115 men, women and children at the hands of the Spanish at Massacre Cave, and the siege by Kit Carson's forces of Fortress Rock, a butte at the confluence of the three canyons, on which some 300 Navajo took refuge.

Buy

Thunderbird Lodge, at the canyon mouth, has a gift shop with jewelry and blankets as well as other souvenirs. On the canyon tour, there is an opportunity to buy handicrafts from residents of the canyons. Less formally, vendors at the scenic overlooks have reasonably priced goods. Tony Hillerman has written a series of mysteries set in the Navajo reservation. Buy one and read it with a road atlas at your side.

Eat

Thunderbird Lodge has a pleasant cafeteria, with Navajo rugs (for sale) on the walls. The Holiday Inn and Best Western Hotels have restaurants.

Drink

Don't. Alcoholism is a serious problem, and alcohol is absolutely prohibited on the reservation. If you happen to have any with you, lock it in your trunk--don't bring it into your room.

• Thunderbird Lodge, (928) 674-5841 or (928) 674-5842, [5]. Open year-round. This comfortable motel-style facility is at the canyon mouth.
• Holiday Inn Canyon de Chelly and Best Western Canyon de Chelly Inn, are nearby, between Chinle and Canyon de Chelly.

Camping

A small campground with 15 basic units is at the monument itself; first-come, first-served, open year-round.

Stay safe

As with all high-desert locales, it can be hot in the summer, cold in the winter. Dress appropriately and remember a hat. Leave your car locked with valuables out of sight. As in much of the West, animals on the road are a hazard, especially at dusk or in the night; both deer and livestock are drawn to the vegetation supported by rain runoff from the pavement.

• Petrified Forest National Park. On the way, the Hubble Trading Post National Historic Site [6] is worth a visit.