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Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Viscount Monck, GCMG, PC (Templemore 10 October 1819 – 29 November
1894 Enniskerry) was
the last Governor General of the Province of Canada and the first Governor General of Canada
after Canadian Confederation. Prior to
Confederation he was concurrently Lieutenant Governor of
both Canada West and Canada East.
Prior to being appointed as Governor General of Canada, Charles
Stanley Monck graduated from Trinity College, Dublin with a
degree in law and in 1852 he was
elected to the British House
of Commons as Member of Parliament for Portsmouth. In
1844, he married his cousin Lady Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck and
they had seven children, four of whom lived to adulthood. He
succeeded his father in his Irish titles as 4th Viscount Monck on
20 April 1849, and in 1866 he was created a peer of the United Kingdom as
Baron Monck. Lord Monck was a Lord of the
Treasury in the Palmerston
government between 1855 and 1858.
Lord Monck served as the Governor of the province of
Canada and the Governor General
of British North America from 1861
to 1867. Lord Monck worked hard to build Confederation. His efforts
to unite and stabilize the young country were recognized with his
appointment to the position of Canada's first Governor General in
1867.
In 1861, when Lord Monck first arrived in his official post,
there were simmering tensions between Canada and the United States to
the south. Then, 20 days before he took office on 28 November, the
"Trent Affair"
erupted – a diplomatic crisis between Britain and the United States
government that threatened to use Canada as its battleground – and
war seemed inevitable. In the course of his term, Lord Monck used
his influence to diffuse the explosive potential not only of this
crisis, but of many others to follow.
Lord Monck's skill as a diplomat in Canadian-American relations
was matched by his ability in promoting Confederation. He helped
build "The Great Coalition", the consolidation of the Reform and
Conservative parties that was key to the colonies' pursuit of
federalism. In Nova
Scotia and New
Brunswick, he was a tireless promoter of unity and played a
leading role in the preparations for a federal union.
In a visit to the new capital of Ottawa in 1864, Lord Monck saw Rideau Hall, which
became the Governor General's residence, and was purchased by the
Government of Canada from the MacKay estate in 1868 for $82,000.
Before living in Ottawa, the Moncks had resided at Spencerwood, near Quebec City. However, even after moving to
Rideau Hall, getting to the heart of Ottawa was still no easy
matter. The battered condition of the roads often resulted in Lord
Monck travelling to Parliament by canopied boat up the Ottawa River.
Lady Monck loved horticulture and made considerable improvements
to the grounds of the official residence.
Viscount Monck was a private man who enjoyed the company of
family and close friends. Those who knew him well spoke of his
courtesy, kindness and wit. "I like him amazingly", wrote John A.
Macdonald of Monck, "and shall be very sorry when he leaves, as
he has been a very prudent and efficient administrator of public
affairs."
When his term of office ended on 14 November 1868, he returned
directly to Ireland. He served as Lord Lieutenant of County Dublin
from 1874 to 1892. Lady Monck died on 16 June 1892, and Lord Monck
on 29 November 1894.
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