Chernozem (Ukrainian: Чорнозем, transliterated: chornozem; Russian: чернозём, transliterated: chernozyom; meaning: black soil), also known as "black land"[1] or "black earth", is a black-coloured soil containing a very high percentage of humus[2] — 3% to 15%, and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia. Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural yield.
There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Southern Romania (Wallachian Plain), to Northeast Ukraine across the Black Earth Region and Southern Russia into Siberia, and the other in the Canadian Prairies. Similar soil types occur in Texas and Hungary. It has a large depth, often more than 40 inches (1 m) and up to 250 inches (6 metres) in Ukraine. The terrain can also be found in small quantities elsewhere (for example, on 1% of Polish territory). It also exists in Northeast China, near Harbin.
Chernozemic soils are a soil type in the Canadian system of soil classification and the United Nations' FAO soil classification.
| Canadian | FAO | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Chernozemic | Kastanozem, Chernozem, Greyzem, Phaeozem | Borolls |
| Brown Chernozem | Kastanozem (aridic) | Aridic Boroll subgroups |
| Dark Brown Chernozem | Kastanozem (Haplic) | Typic Boroll subgroups |
| Black Chernozem | Chernozem | Udic Boroll subgroups |
| Dark Grey Chernozem | Greyzem | Boralfic Boroll subgroups, Albolls |
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