The China Project is a study comparing the diets, lifestyle and disease characteristics of populations of 65 rural counties in China in the 1970s and 1980s. The study only compared the prevalence of disease characteristics. It did not evaluate all causes of death, such as accidents.
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The study was jointly funded by the Universities of Oxford, Cornell and the Government of China. Professor T. Colin Campbell of Cornell, an "outspoken vegan", led the first two major studies in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1991, The New York Times called the Oxford-Cornell-China study 'the Grand Prix of epidemiology'.
Campbell's summary of the results of this and other studies appeared in his 2005 book The China Study. The findings of the extensive research in the study pointed that some diseases of affluence were caused by Westernisation, especially the growing consumption of animal protein and dairy products, previously not largely common or unknown in China.
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