From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is
indicated by appending ː
The close-mid back rounded vowel is a type of
vowel sound used in some spoken
languages. The symbol in
the International Phonetic
Alphabet that represents this sound is o, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is o.
Features
- Its vowel height is close-mid, which means the tongue is
positioned halfway between close vowel and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned
as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a
constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its roundedness
is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips and drawn
together, and the inner surfaces exposed.
Occurrence
Mid back
rounded vowel
Many languages, such as Spanish and Japanese,
have a mid back rounded vowel, which to speakers
is clearly distinct from both the close-mid and open-mid vowels. However,
since no language is known to distinguish all three, there is no
separate IPA symbol for the mid vowel, and [o] is generally used. If precision is desired,
the lowering diacritic may be used: [o̞].
Note that just because a language has only one non-close,
non-open back vowel, that doesn't mean it's a cardinal mid vowel.
The Sulawesian language Tukang Besi, for example, has a close-mid
[o], whereas the Moluccan language Taba has an
open-mid [ɔ]; in neither language does this contrast with
another open/close-mid vowel.
Occurrence
In the following transcriptions, the lowering diacritic has been
omitted for the sake of simplicity.
References
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri,
Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International
Phonetic Association 22 (1-2):
53–56
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995),
"European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic
Association 25 (2): 90–94
- Fougeron,
Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the
IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic
Association 23 (2): 73–76
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969).
The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University
Press.
-
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.;
Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal
of the International Phonetic Association 33
(2): 255–259
- Merrill,
Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the
International Phonetic Association 38 (1):
107–114
- Roach, Peter
(2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of
the International Phonetic Association 34
(2): 239–245
- Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999).
A Course in Phonology. Blackwell Publishing.
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli,
Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International
Phonetic Association 34 (1):
117–121
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