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The office of Commander-in-Chief, North America
was the commander of British forces in North America before 1859. During the
majority of this time, the Commander was posted to British
fortifications at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The title was passed onto the
Governor General of
British North America from 1859 to 1875.
British military forces officially left Canada in 1906, the last
postings being at Halifax.
Commanders-in-Chief,
North America 1755-1859
- 1755 Major-General Edward Braddock
- 1755 Major-General William Shirley
- 1756 General The Right Honourable John Campbell, 4th Earl
of Loudoun
- 1758 General James
Abercrombie (general) of Glasshaugh
- 1758 Field Marshal Sir Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, KB
- 1763 General Honourable Thomas Gage
- 1773 Temporarily assigned to Frederick Haldimand during the
absence of General Gage
- 1774 General Honourable Thomas Gage [reappointed]
- 1775 General Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount
Howe, KB
- 1778 General Sir Henry Clinton, KB
(senior)
- 1782 General Right Honourable Guy Carleton, 1st Baron
Dorchester, KB
- 1783 General John
Campbell
- 1787 Vacant until the next appointment in 1799
- 1799 Field Marshal His Royal Highness Prince Edward,
Duke of Kent and Strathearn, KG, PC, KP, GCB, GCH
- 1800 Vacant until 1811
- 1811 Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost, Bt.
[Gov. Lower Canada, 1811-15]
- 1838 Field Marhsal Sir John Colborne, 1st Baron
Seaton, GCB, GCMG, GCH
- 1839 Vacant until 1839
- 1846 General Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart,
GCB (Lord Greenock)
- 1849 Field Marshal Sir William
Rowan, GCB
- 1855 Vacant until 1859
- 1859 General Sir William
Fenwick Williams, Pasha 1st Bt., GCB
General Officer
Commanding the Forces Canada
After 1875, the commander was replaced by the General
Officer Commanding the Forces Canada and remained so until
1904:
- 1875 Gen. Sir Edward Selby
Smith, KCMG
- 1880 Lt-Gen. Richard Amherst
Luard, CB
- 1884 Lt-Gen. Sir Frederick
Dobson Midleton, KCMG, CB
- 1890 Maj-Gen. The Rt. Hon. Ivor John Caradoc
(Herbert), 1st Baron Treowen, CB, CMG, KStJ
- 1895 Maj-Gen. Sir William Julius Gascoigne
Gascoigne, KCMG
- 1898 Lt-Gen. Sir Edward
Thomas Henry Hutton, KCB, KCMG
- 1900 Maj-Gen. Richard Hebden O'Grady
Haly
- 1902 Lt-Gen. The Rt. Hon. Douglas MacKinnon
(Baillie Hamilton), 12th Earl of Dundonald, KCB, KCVO
Chief of General Staff
Canada
After 1904, a Chief of the General
Staff Canada was established to replace British Forces with a Canadian Army commander:
- 1904 Lt-Gen. Sir Percy Henry Noel
Lake, KCB, KCMG
- 1908 Gen. Sir William Dillon Otter, KCB, CVO,
VD
- 1910 Maj-Gen. Sir Colin John Mackenzie, KCB
- 1913 Lt-Gen. Sir Willoughby
Garnons Gwatkin, KCMG, CB
- 1920 Maj-Gen. Sir James Howden MacBrien, KCB, CMG,
DSO, CStJ
- 1927 Maj-Gen. Herbert Cyril Thacker, CB, CMG,
DSO
- 1929 Gen. The Hon. Andrew George Litta McNaughton, PC,
CH, CB, CMG, DSO, CD
- 1935 Lt-Gen. Ernest Charles Ashton, CB, CMG,
VD
- 1938 Maj-Gen. Thomas Victor Anderson, DSO,
CD
- 1940 Gen. Henry Duncan
Graham Crerar, CH, CB, DSO, KStJ, CD
- 1941 Lt-Gen. Kenneth Stuart, CB, DSO, MC
- 1943 Lt-Gen. John Carl Murchie, CB, CBE, CD
- 1944 Vacant?
- 1945 Gen. Charles Foulkes, CC, CB, CBE, DSO,
CD
- 1951 Gen. Guy Granville
Simonds, CC, CB, CBE, DSO, CD
- 1955 Lt-Gen. Howard Douglas
Graham, OC, CVO, CBE, DSO, ED, CD
- 1958 Lt-Gen. Samuel Findlay Clark, CBE, CD
- 1961 Lt-Gen. Geoffrey Walsh CBE , DSO , CD
After 1961, the Canadian Army was under the command of the
Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff (Canada).
In 1968, all service branches were unified into the Canadian
Forces, under the command of the Chief of the Defence
Staff (Canada). The Canadian Monarch
is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces, though since 1904 that
role has been carried out by the Governor General of Canada
on the sovereign's behalf.
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