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Community-led total sanitation (CLTS), is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in Bangladesh. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal,[1][2] or PRA.

CLTS was developed by Kamal Kar, an advocate of community participation in development, in Bangladesh.

He has criticised the lack of success of NGOs in Bangladesh, saying "It is difficult to find even 100 villages among nearly 85,000 that are 100 per cent sanitised and free from open defecation." ^[1]

He has also been involved in low cost sanitation programs. ^[2]

See also

• Farmer Field School[3][4][5] - another grassroots development program.
• Orangi Pilot Project
• Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh

References

1. ^ Water: either too much or too little, Environmental Articles Archive: Water Resources, July 2004.
2. ^ Habitat Debate, Volume 9, no. 3, September 2003.

Further reading

• Kar, Kamal (2003). Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in Bangladesh. IDS Working Paper, 50 pages. Free in PDF format.
• Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages. Free in PDF format.
• Kar, Kamal and Bongartz, Petra (2006) 'Update on Some Recent Developments in Community-Led Total Sanitation', Update paper on IDS Working Paper 257, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, http://www.livelihoods.org/hot_topics/docs/CLTS_update06.pdf
• Livelihoods Connect Hot Topic website on CLTS
• Community-led total sanitation at Appropedia.org - includes a summary of Kar & Pasteur's writing.