From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Overview

History of programming

Wired plug board for an IBM 402 Accounting Machine.

Data and instructions could be stored on external punch cards, which were kept in order and arranged in program decks.

Modern programming

Quality requirements

• Efficiency/performance: the amount of system resources a program consumes (processor time, memory space, slow devices such as disks, network bandwidth and to some extent even user interaction): the less, the better.^ Compared to the memcached this still doesn't seem as efficient as we can get if we want to eke out every last out of performance out of the system although it does lead to simpler code.
  • Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ There are four important concepts in a UNIX shell: The user interacts with the system using a shell.
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ The [536 page] book examines how to connect these systems in a reliable, flexible, high-performance TCP/IP network."
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  .This also includes correct disposal of some resources, such as cleaning up temporary files and lack of memory leaks.
• Reliability: how often the results of a program are correct.^ He came up with a challenge to see how others would implement a trivial web program in their favorite language.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ He taught me how to write the very simple 10 print Wayne 20 goto 10 stuff and then gave me a book that had some sample programs.
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ TBC Training ...pment is exclusively based on up to date Neuro-Linguistic Programming ( NLP ) methods and techniques to deliver results that last.
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  .This depends on conceptual correctness of algorithms, and minimization of programming mistakes, such as mistakes in resource management (e.g., buffer overflows and race conditions) and logic errors (such as division by zero).
• Robustness: how well a program anticipates problems not due to programmer error.^ Run BASIC is a web programming system in development, and a really important part of what Scott McLaughlin and I are trying to do is to manage how the language grows.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ The structure is appalling, and the programmers clearly didn't think deeply about correctness, algorithms, data structures, or maintainability.
  • Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Programmers don't consciously introduce errors into programs -- errors are a natural part of the process.
  • Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  .This includes situations such as incorrect, inappropriate or corrupt data, unavailability of needed resources such as memory, operating system services and network connections, and user error.
• Usability: the ergonomics of a program: the ease with which a person can use the program for its intended purpose, or in some cases even unanticipated purposes.^ Modula3 for a high-level language that supports all the lowlevel manipulations needed for operating system stuff in a sane way.
  • Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ They put the computer in the library, so all the kids saw it – but some administrator had the idea that only the kids in the “gifted” program would be able to use it.
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Instead we are creating a tool for the traditional users of BASIC. If you want to learn or teach programming, if you want to create web apps for your use at home (or on your iPhone!
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  .Such issues can make or break its success even regardless of other issues.^ It also has other simplications, such as the representing most attribute values and many protocol items as textual strings, that are designed to make clients easier to implement."
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ However the original iPhone was still successful and they addressed these issues in the next version to even greater success.
  • Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]
  
  .This involves a wide range of textual, graphical and sometimes hardware elements that improve the clarity, intuitiveness, cohesiveness and completeness of a program's user interface.
• Portability: the range of computer hardware and operating system platforms on which the source code of a program can be compiled/interpreted and run.^ Which combinations of operating system and code are certified?
  • Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ The shell was the interface to the operating system.
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Jointly defined by a group of major computer hardware and software vendors, OpenMP is a portable, scalable model that gives shared-memory parallel programmers a simple and flexible interface for developing parallel applications for platforms ranging from the desktop to the supercomputer.
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  .This depends on differences in the programming facilities provided by the different platforms, including hardware and operating system resources, expected behaviour of the hardware and operating system, and availability of platform specific compilers (and sometimes libraries) for the language of the source code.
• Maintainability: the ease with which a program can be modified by its present or future developers in order to make improvements or customizations, fix bugs and security holes, or adapt it to new environments.^ Operating systems (Computers) , Embedded computer systems Programming.
  • Fermilab Library Book Catalog 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www-spires.fnal.gov [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Sometimes it makes good sense to add new things to a language.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Examples are presented in the BASIC programming language.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  Good practices during initial development make the difference in this regard. This quality may not be directly apparent to the end user but it can significantly affect the fate of a program over the long term.

Algorithmic complexity

.The academic field and the engineering practice of computer programming are both largely concerned with discovering and implementing the most efficient algorithms for a given class of problem.^ Long before the spreadsheet application Visicalc was a gleam in Dan Bricklin's eye the most important and powerful application for small computers was the BASIC programming language.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ Re: Ignoring computer science Most of these pieces of advice are excellent and reflects advice given - and widely ignored - by responsible C++ people for at least a decade.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This works on both C# and VB! Last week I wrote a post about Dynamic Linq Query Generation in order to solve a kind of meta-programming problem.

• Alltop - Top Programming News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC programming.alltop.com [Source type: General]

.For this purpose, algorithms are classified into orders using so-called Big O notation, O(n), which expresses resource use, such as execution time or memory consumption, in terms of the size of an input.^ The billions of resource records in the DNS directory are split into millions of files called zones.

• Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Shortly after i had to learn and use 6502-Assembler in order to have a nice input-routine, which allows the usage of the arrow-keys and other editing feature for nicer text-input.

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ Ruby-on-Rails turns the schema representation of persistent data into executable in-memory structures.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Expert programmers are familiar with a variety of well-established algorithms and their respective complexities and use this knowledge to choose algorithms that are best suited to the circumstances.^ When not to use it: It works well for limited complexity.

• Programming | upstream agile - software 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC upstre.am [Source type: General]

^ All of our courses are run by experienced professionals with practical knowledge of using these applications in the outside world and are familiar with your more...

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ Computer programmers often use the word scalable to describe a desirable feature of a program or algorithm.

• Mike Vanier: opinions 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.cs.caltech.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Methodologies

.The first step in most formal software development projects is requirements analysis, followed by testing to determine value modeling, implementation, and failure elimination (debugging).^ Besides undertaking development for various business domains, We also provide a specialist software solution for requirements in Various industry.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ Certain software applications should be developed only by coders who pass some strict tests, and they should be accountable for their creations.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The challenge is in taking the necessary time to nail down the requirements, create a design, and implement / test to that design.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.There exist a lot of differing approaches for each of those tasks.^ There are just lots of different terms.

• Programming posts - Microsoft - CNET News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC news.cnet.com [Source type: General]

^ Re: Don't need more experts in arcane technology There are many reasons to prefer C over C++ over C# over Different languages are geared for different tasks.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are many basic things which work in quite same way in many shells, but there are lots of differences in the more advanced operations in those different shells.

• ePanorama.net - Links 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.epanorama.net [Source type: Reference]

One approach popular for requirements analysis is Use Case analysis.

.Popular modeling techniques include Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and Model-Driven Architecture (MDA).^ Agile Acceptance Testing - Test Driven Development - Design Patterns - UML and OOAD I customize my training as per the needs of the client.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ In the 1980s and 90s, Bjarne Stroustrup designed and implemented the C++ programming language, which popularized object-oriented programming and influenced numerous other programming languages, including Java.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Students learn about project design, object-oriented programming, console applications, graphics applications and many elements of the Java language.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a notation used for both the OOAD and MDA.

A similar technique used for database design is Entity-Relationship Modeling (ER Modeling).

.Implementation techniques include imperative languages (object-oriented or procedural), functional languages, and logic languages.^ C++ however tries to satisfy device driver writers and at the same time to be an abstract object oriented language for extremely large projects.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ One reader commented, "So should a basic language add object-oriented features?

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ Traditionalist procedural programmers can create entire applications using subroutines and functions, similar to how it is done in popular languages like QBasic.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

Measuring language usage

.It is very difficult to determine what are the most popular of modern programming languages.^ The popular programming languages .

• Talk:Computer Programming/Archive2 - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC en.wikibooks.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The most used programming languages are probably C and C++ .

• Talk:Computer Programming/Archive2 - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC en.wikibooks.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Most programmers have a primary computer language specialty, such as Lisp, Java, Delphi, or C++, which they use to design software programs in a way that computers will be able to understand.

• Computer Programming (C++, Java, Visual Basic) Training & Certification 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.guidetocomputertraining.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Some languages are very popular for particular kinds of applications (e.g., COBOL is still strong in the corporate data center, often on large mainframes, FORTRAN in engineering applications, scripting languages in web development, and C in embedded applications), while some languages are regularly used to write many different kinds of applications.^ Many different techniques can be used.

• Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Recently, I had to write some code at work which spoke to a JSON-based Web service and struggled with how to deal with the fact that C# requires me to define the class of an object up front before I can use it in my application.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Run BASIC is a web programming system in development, and a really important part of what Scott McLaughlin and I are trying to do is to manage how the language grows.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

.Methods of measuring programming language popularity include: counting the number of job advertisements that mention the language,^[10] the number of books teaching the language that are sold (this overestimates the importance of newer languages), and estimates of the number of existing lines of code written in the language (this underestimates the number of users of business languages such as COBOL).^ I found an interesting article where the author (Peter Norvig) complains about book titles that promise to teach programming in 24 hours, 7 days, 21 days, etc.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ In contrast to existing, stand-alone Scheme systems Elk has been designed specifically as an embeddable, reusable extension language subsystem for applications written in C or C++.

• Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Only about 100 lines of code per program (a completely artifical limit left to the reader to remove).

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

Debugging

A bug, which was debugged in 1947.

.Debugging is a very important task in the software development process, because an incorrect program can have significant consequences for its users.^ Run BASIC is a web programming system in development, and a really important part of what Scott McLaughlin and I are trying to do is to manage how the language grows.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ Developers adopt a platform when it offers differentiation from competitors: In competitive software markets, building an application that stands out from the crowd is important.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ I quickly learned that a lot of the features I'd considered as language bloat a couple of months ago actually made a lot of sense if you're familiar with the advantages of dynamic and functional programming approaches to the tasks of software development.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Some languages are more prone to some kinds of faults because their specification does not require compilers to perform as much checking as other languages.^ A response to a recent post read, "BASIC is good, but I think it should be avoided as a first language because it pampers the programmer too much."

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ I like it in the sense that I am nostalgic for those simple days, but I much prefer, well, any other programming language really.

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ To grasp the concepts presented in HOME PROJECTS WITH VISUAL C EXPRESS, you should possess a working knowledge of Windows and have had some exposure to Visual C Express programming (or some other programming More...

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

.Use of a static analysis tool can help detect some possible problems.^ We deliver powerful tools that help you unleash your potential and use it to achieve your goals.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ Instead of having multiple programming languages, wouldn't it be better to have tools that help make sure dangerous features are used properly?

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Compiler and Tools Tricks Using Shared and Static Libraries Across Platforms Introduction to Fortran: A Reference Manual - Aleksandar Donev (Jan.

• Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]

.Debugging is often done with IDEs like Visual Studio, NetBeans, and Eclipse.^ At least one of my pet peeves was fixed, in Visual Studio 2005 I finally have an IDE where "Find References to this Method" actually works.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Hey wait, that's just like Visual Studio...

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

.Standalone debuggers like gdb are also used, and these often provide less of a visual environment, usually using a command line.^ You can examine variables, or if you like click on a line of code where you want to stop in the debugger and click on the Run To button.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

^ Visual C Express programming concepts are taught while providing detailed step-by-step instructions in building many fun and useful projects.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ Then use the program and when that line of code is reached, the debugger will stop and highlight that line of code and you can see the variables.

• BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

Programming languages

Main articles: Programming language and List of programming languages

.Different programming languages support different styles of programming (called programming paradigms).^ I graduated with a degree in computer science, having learned tons of languages and programming paradigms.

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ A fundamental aspect of C++ is that it should support multi-paradigm programming -that in itself is a tall demand.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It supports the following programming languages; C++, Java and Python.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.The choice of language used is subject to many considerations, such as company policy, suitability to task, availability of third-party packages, or individual preference.^ MySQL is a fantastic choice for any new developer, because of its open source nature, wide support and abundance of tutorials available on the subject.

• Top Programming News, Videos and Images 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC digg.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
• Top Programming News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC digg.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ If your code depends on third-party packages, you must include a complete list of all packages, including exact version information and download URLs.

• Google Programming Contest 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.google.com [Source type: General]

^ Other languages, such as Java, or MATLAB can be used, but, are not recommended for performance reasons and may not be as well supported.

• Programming on WestGrid Systems | WestGrid 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.westgrid.ca [Source type: Reference]

.Ideally, the programming language best suited for the task at hand will be selected.^ Exercises in a selected AI programming language.

• IT Commons Course Catalog - Computer Programming 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.albany.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Computer Programming degree programs give students hands-on skills they need to be productive software developers in many industries, using specific skill sets and programming languages.

• Computer Programming Degrees 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.braintrack.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Some students go through the program slowly, others at an accelerated level so we can accommodate almost any arrangement that suits you best.

• Computer Programming with Java and C# Distance Learning Course 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.cie-wc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Trade-offs from this ideal involve finding enough programmers who know the language to build a team, the availability of compilers for that language, and the efficiency with which programs written in a given language execute.^ This includes the developers that build the compilers for the languages.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ All the UML sequence diagrams in the world and all the testers, managers and end user feedback in the world doesn't change the fact that it is a solo programmer who presses the key that kicks off a build.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Taking that file as input, the compiler generates code to be used to easily build RPC clients and servers that communicate seamlessly across programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Allen Downey, in his book How To Think Like A Computer Scientist, writes:

The details look different in different languages, but a few basic instructions appear in just about every language:

• input: Get data from the keyboard, a file, or some other device.
• .output: Display data on the screen or send data to a file or other device.^ Then it discusses input and output with disk files and other data streams.
  • Introduction to Computer Science using Java 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.cs.iastate.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Beginning with simple queries that retrieve selected data from a single table, it progresses to advanced queries that summarize data, combine it with data from other tables, and display the data in specialized ways.
  • Computer Programming Technology » Southwestern College Professional Studies 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.southwesterncollege.org [Source type: Reference]
  
  ^ The first PDF is more suitable for on-screen reading; it contains internal links for navigation and external links to source code files, exercise solutions, and other resources.
  • Javanotes 5.1.1 -- Title Page 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC math.hws.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  
• arithmetic: Perform basic arithmetical operations like addition and multiplication.
• .conditional execution: Check for certain conditions and execute the appropriate sequence of statements.^ Sequence, Selection, and Repetition Controls : Sequence, Selection, and Repetition Controls Repetition control structure To execute a loop, the computer repeats one or more commands until some condition indicates that the looping should stop.
  • Computer Programming 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC www.wiziq.com [Source type: Reference]
  
  ^ Usually, the condition will be testing the result of executing the statements that are inside the loop.
  • Programming Loops in Computer Code: Condition tested, counted and endless loops to control the flow of information. 10 February 2010 13:40 UTC computerprogramming.suite101.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ A shell is a full featured programming language, with variables, conditional statements, and the ability to execute other programs.
  • Programming Texts/Tutorials 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC stommel.tamu.edu [Source type: Academic]
  
  
• repetition: Perform some action repeatedly, usually with some variation.

.Many computer languages provide a mechanism to call functions provided by libraries.^ In a duck-typed language, the equivalent function would take an object of any type and call that object's walk and quack methods.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Ten plain-English lessons explain the Visual C .NET toolbox, event procedures, and many elements of the C computer language.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

^ Ten plain-English lessons explain the Visual J Express toolbox, event methods, and many elements of the J computer language (which is based on Sun 's Java language).

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

.Provided the functions in a library follow the appropriate runtime conventions (eg, method of passing arguments), then these functions may be written in any other language.^ The functions in the libraries have already passed a compile and do not get recompiled.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The other big issue is that once you learn the language well, you may get the idea in your head that you know all about programming.

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ It may be that, as some of its proponents say, the ever-changing functionality can be written so quickly that the extra time can be used to address bottlenecks.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Programmers

Main article: Programmer

See also: Software developer and Software engineer

.Computer programmers are those who write computer software.^ Brent on April 22, 2008 8:26 AM Software engineer, programmer, computer scientist ...

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ Programmers who were taught to write quality code and who told bosses who wanted quantity over quality to get lost often lost their jobs.

• Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And, even though the examples are kid-related, it could also be used by 'big kids' who want a basic introduction to writing computer applications.

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

Their jobs usually involve:

• Coding
• Compilation
• Documentation
• Integration
• Maintenance
• Requirements analysis
• Software architecture
• Software testing
• Specification
• Debugging

See also

Main article: Outline of computer programming

• ACCU (organisation)
• Association for Computing Machinery
• Computer programming in the punch card era
• Hello world program
• List of basic computer programming topics
• List of computer programming topics
• Programming paradigms
• Software engineering
• The Art of Computer Programming

References

1. ^ Paul Graham (2003). Hackers and Painters. http://www.paulgraham.com/hp.html. Retrieved 2006-08-22. 
2. ^ Kenneth E. Iverson, the originator of the APL programming language, believed that the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis applied to computer languages (without actually mentioning the hypothesis by name). His Turing award lecture, "Notation as a tool of thought", was devoted to this theme, arguing that more powerful notations aided thinking about computer algorithms. Iverson K.E.,"Notation as a tool of thought", Communications of the ACM, 23: 444-465 (August 1980).
3. ^ New World Encyclopedia Online Edition New World Encyclopedia
4. ^ Al-Jazari - the Mechanical Genius, MuslimHeritage.com
5. ^ A 13th Century Programmable Robot, University of Sheffield
6. ^ Fowler, Charles B. (October 1967), "The Museum of Music: A History of Mechanical Instruments", Music Educators Journal 54 (2): 45–49, doi:10.2307/3391092 
7. ^ Columbia University Computing History - Herman Hollerith
8. ^ [1]
9. ^ [2]
10. ^ Survey of Job advertisements mentioning a given language>

Further reading

• Weinberg, Gerald M., The Psychology of Computer Programming, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971

External links

• Programming Wikia
• How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - by Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey and Chris Meyers

Major fields of computer science Mathematical foundations Mathematical logic · Set theory · Number theory · Graph theory · Type theory · Category theory · Numerical analysis  · Information theory Theory of computation Automata theory · Computability theory · Computational complexity theory · Quantum computing theory Algorithms and data structures Analysis of algorithms · Algorithm design · Computational geometry Programming languages and Compilers Parsers · Interpreters · Procedural programming · Object-oriented programming · Functional programming · Logic programming · Programming paradigms Concurrent, Parallel, and Distributed systems Multiprocessing · Grid computing · Concurrency control Software engineering Requirements analysis · Software design · Computer programming · Formal methods · Software testing · Software development process System architecture Computer architecture · Computer organization · Operating systems Telecommunication & Networking Computer audio · Routing · Network topology · Cryptography Databases Data mining · Relational databases · SQL • OLAP Artificial intelligence Automated reasoning · Computational linguistics · Computer vision · Evolutionary computation · Expert systems · Machine learning · Natural language processing · Robotics Computer graphics Visualization · Image processing Human–computer interaction Computer accessibility · User interfaces · Wearable computing · Ubiquitous computing · Virtual reality Scientific computing Artificial life · Bioinformatics · Cognitive science · Computational chemistry · Computational neuroscience · Computational physics · Numerical algorithms · Symbolic mathematics .NOTE: Computer science can also be split up into different topics or fields according to the ACM Computing Classification System.^ I guess that since BASIC was born into a world where it was shoehorned into many, many different computers it became part of the BASIC culture that it is okay to have many broadly different implementations. BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General] ^ Its mainly aimed at studends who are in the verge of starting up their career, individuals with careers not in IT infrastructure field but want to move into IT infrastructure segment and any individuals who in general want to have a fair idea of IT infrastructure. Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

Software engineering Fields Requirements analysis • System analysis • Software design • Computer programming • Formal methods • Software testing • Software deployment • Software maintenance Concepts Data modeling • Enterprise architecture • Functional specification • Modeling language • Programming paradigm • Software • Software architecture • Software development methodology • Software development process • Software quality • Software quality assurance • Structured analysis Orientations Agile • Aspect-oriented • Object orientation • Ontology • Service orientation • SDLC Models Development models: Agile • Iterative model • RUP • Scrum • Spiral model • Waterfall model • XP • V-Model Other models: Automotive SPICE • CMMI • Data model • Function model • Information model • Metamodeling • Object model • Systems model • View model Modeling languages: IDEF • UML Software engineers Kent Beck • Grady Booch • Fred Brooks • Barry Boehm • Ward Cunningham • Ole-Johan Dahl • Tom DeMarco • Martin Fowler • C. A. R. Hoare • Watts Humphrey • Michael A. Jackson • Ivar Jacobson • Craig Larman • James Martin • Bertrand Meyer • David Parnas • Winston W. Royce • James Rumbaugh • Niklaus Wirth • Edward Yourdon Related fields Computer science • Computer engineering • Enterprise engineering • History • Management • Mathematics • Project management • Quality management • Software ergonomics • Systems engineering

Categories: Software development process | Computer programming

Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009

From Wikiversity

Division news

• May 14, 2007 - New programming language added (D) and lesson numbers for programming languages updated.
• September 16, 2006 - Department upgraded to division
• August 20, 2006 - Department founded!......

Recommended course of study

• Computing Fundamentals
• Introduction to Computer Science
• Creating a Development Environment
• Introduction to Programming
• Introduction to Programming Logic
• Hungarian Notation
• Procedure Oriented Programming
• At least one topic in Procedure Oriented languages
  • Choose From: BASIC,C
• Object-Oriented Programming
• At least Two object-oriented languages.^ C++ however tries to satisfy device driver writers and at the same time to be an abstract object oriented language for extremely large projects.
  • Technology Review: The Problem with Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.technologyreview.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Wayne on April 22, 2008 6:58 AM I started programming in BASIC too, that was the only available option on the really old computers at my school !
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Run BASIC is a web programming system in development, and a really important part of what Scott McLaughlin and I are trying to do is to manage how the language grows.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  .
  • Choose from: C++, Java, C#, D
• At least one topic in web-based languages.^ RPG (yes, there is at least one BAD language...
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ All Java, J2EE & Frameworks Trainings : * Free Java Training for Beginners * Core Java Training * Java/ J2EE Web Training * J2EE & Frameworks Training * Training Calendar Custom Courses and Courses on other Java-related topics are also available.
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Ten plain-English lessons explain the Visual J Express toolbox, event methods, and many elements of the J computer language (which is based on Sun 's Java language).
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  .
  • Choose from: HTML, PHP
• At least one topic in RDBMS.
  • Choose from: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Sybase
• At least one other topic in computer programming languages.^ No HTML or other programming languages.
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Support for other databases like Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ So in this case the language in question is a simple one, specialized for the robot ideas as a gentle way to introduce programming.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  
  • Recommended: Lisp, Perl, Python, Ruby, Visual Basic, REALbasic, Turing
• Algorithms and Data Structures

General topics

• Introduction to Programming -- 3 Lessons
• Introduction to Programming Logic -- 4 Lessons
• Object-Oriented Programming -- 0 Lessons
• Functional Programming -- 0 Lessons
• Logic Programming -- 0 Lessons
• List Programming -- 0 Lessons

Applied topics

• Hungarian Notation
• Linux Programming
  • Bash Programming
• Windows Programming
  • WINAPI Programming -- 2
  • MS 70-536 Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 - Application Development Foundation - using mono -- 0 Lessons (Many external lessons)
  • Visual Basic .NET 2005 -- 1 Lessons
  • Visual C#.NET 2005 -- 3 Lessons
  • Visual C++.NET 2005 -- 0 Lessons

Computer Programming Languages

Available ActionScript -- 1 Lesson Assembly Language -- 3 Lessons C -- 14 Lessons C++ -- 11 Lessons D -- 1 Lesson C# -- 6 Lessons HTML -- 11 Lessons Java -- main course called "Learning JAVA" has 19 Lessons JavaScript -- 5 Lessons OCaml -- 1 Lesson Perl -- 2 Lessons PHP -- 8 Lessons Python -- 6 Lessons Ruby -- 1 Lesson SQL -- 1 Lesson Visual Basic -- 6 Lessons XML -- 1 Lesson

Planned Ada COBOL ColdFusion Eiffel Erlang FORTRAN Groovy (programming language) Haskell JEE JSP Lisp Lua Lush (Lisp-shell with inline-C) Object Pascal (Delphi) Objective C OpenROAD Pascal Prolog QB RPG IV Scheme Smalltalk Squeak Subfile Programming TCL Turing Specialized programming environments MOO - object oriented techniques for Multi-User Domain environments.

Learning materials and learning projects

Portal:Learning Materials
Portal:Learning Projects

Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. .Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.^ Shortly after i had to learn and use 6502-Assembler in order to have a nice input-routine, which allows the usage of the arrow-keys and other editing feature for nicer text-input.

• Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

^ You shouldn't, because the other logic gates exist and it would be hugely wasteful to use NAND gates to do the same thing, but it can be done.

• Alltop - Top Programming News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC programming.alltop.com [Source type: General]

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. .Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!^ IO; namespace Name_agram{ class Program { static void Main( string [] args){ var names = from line in File .

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Textbooks

• Java Programming
• C++ Programming
• C Programming
• D Programming
• XForms
• XQuery

Exercise collections

• Try Ruby interactively in your web browser
• Nifty Assignments
• Vector analysis
• Object Oriented Software Design
• UML
• Build advanced web forms without JavaScript

Literature on programming exercises

.

• Exercise design for introductory programming : "Learn-by-Doing" basic O-O-concepts using Inverted Curriculum Marcel Kessler.^ Windows 95,98,NT LEARN VISUAL BASIC 5 ...s a self-paced comprehensive overview of the Visual Basic programming language and environment.
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ The BASIC programming language was the original easy to use language.
  • BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ What :- Offers professional training, and doing development in the areas of OpenGL Programming, web designing, SEO Marketing.
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  Master thesis, ETH Zürich, 2004; ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Software Engineering, 2004 [1]

Learning projects

• MediaWiki Project - from introductory HTML to advanced MediaWiki hacking.... participants develop new MediaWiki features for the Wikiversity community.
• ACM SIGCSE (Special Interest Group Computer Science Education) Link list on Programming: [2]
• CisLunarFreighter (Game Development Project).

Active participants

The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. .If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better; for large departments a list of active participants is not needed).^ I have a multitude of tutorials on the Flex Datagrid here at Switch On The Code and none of them show you how to use percentage widths in your Datagrid.

• Alltop - Top Programming News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC programming.alltop.com [Source type: General]

^ The argument that it leads to "better API" is another variation of this theme since it argues that if you are compelled to use LONGER MORE DESCRIPTIVE PROPERTY NAMES (e.g.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ We will help you enhance your skills and productivity in your organization by getting the right skills and solutions for you and your more...

• Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]

.

• JordanP (Beginer: CSS, HTML, XHTML, Python, PHP, Flash, Java)
• Aepex (Computer Science)
• AmiDaniel -- VB6, Java, various others
• CQuinton ^(talk) (Perl, PHP, Python...^ Perl, PHP (talk about mutilating the mind!
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ TPS Services Ltd ...HCE, as well as many other Unix / Linux courses for intro, programming, scripting ( Shell , Perl , Python and many others).
  • Programming - Training Seminars, Resources and Workshops 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.training-classes.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ It supports the following programming languages; C++, Java, Python, PHP and Ruby.
  • Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]
  
  help with .Intro to Programming and Computer science in general)
• Crossbow9
• Devourer09 (Computer Science)
• Donald McLean -- Introduction to Programming and the companion course Introduction to Programming in Java
• Draicone ^(talk) (PHP, C, C++, Javascript, Pascal, Python, Perl, RoR, General OO, Intro to Programming)
• Girish Pandit(Java, J2EE, SOA, Data Structures, Design Patterns,Database, PHP)
• Hillgentleman--interested to learn PHP
• JaK81600 (Computer Science)
• Mark Roberts (Computer Science)
• Michael Billington (talk • contribs) (VB6, C, and apparently PHP)
• NickSentowski ^(talk)
• OMouse (D programming language, general proof-reading and filling in the gaps)
• Pedro Gonnet ^(talk)
• Punk Boi 8
• Quasar ^(talk)(C Programming, C++, Data Structures, Java)
• raghunandanan 05:05, 9 May 2007 (UTC) a beginner
• Richard2me (Computer Science)
• Xlbnushk -- (X)HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, MySQL, MSSQL
• Cslashb HTML, CSS & Visual Basic, learning Java, C# & C++
• Charles Mwiyeretsi ( SQL, Java, PHP, C, CSS...^ For the past few years I've heard a lot of hype about dynamic programming languages like Python and Ruby.
  • Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Read Joel Spolsky’s Can Your Programming Language Do This?
  • Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ May 3, 2008 5:15 PM Fact is, BASIC as an intro to programming is awesome.
  • Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]
  
  )
• Gadaba ( SQL, Java, PHP, C, CSS...,Game Design)
• Josh Sandlin (Linux Programming)
• Prototype (Visual Basic, HTML, PHP + SQL)
• Peter Rawsthorne (LAMP beginner)
• Mathieu (LAMP, C, Java, HTML, CSS beginner)
• Jekrox (QB, HTML, Visual Basic)
• AFriedman
• Rbhagwandin 16:34, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Resources

• Category:Programming at Wikia.com
• Knuth website
• ...

External links

• Logo
• Google Summer of Code 2008
• Google Code University
• Collaborative UML Designer - Collaborative UML Designer is a real-time collaborative web application that allows to model UML 2.0 class diagrams in a distributed environment.
• eXtreme Collaborative Development Environment- a plugin for Eclipse that adds support for real-time collaborative editing over the Internet, letting developers work on the same files at the same time

Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource.

Resource type: this resource is a course.

Subject classification: this is an engineering resource .

.Completion status: this resource is well on its way to completion, but there may still be work to do.^ I moved on to PASCAL and FORTRAN soon after those days, and still have a working Amiga 500 that I played with as well. Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General] ^ I know there are some benefits to the way these other languages work, but BASIC is really meant to be very light and simple. BASIC Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC basicprogramming.blogspot.com [Source type: General] ^ It's been fine, and it certainly worked well enough, but there have been parts of it that weren't as clear as they should have been. Alltop - Top Programming News 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC programming.alltop.com [Source type: General]

Categories: Tertiary Education | Engineering | Resources nearing completion | Computer programming | Information science departments

From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection

Getting started

.Wikiversity has course materials on Topic:Computer programming.^ Of course, if you were at all interested in computers, you wouldn't bother programming on a dinky Atari 2600. Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General] ^ I remember vividly one of the first programs I have analyzed - a phone book that was included in the (5 1/4", of course) floppy that came with my first computer, an Apple II. . Coding Horror: Everything I Needed to Know About Programming I Learned from BASIC 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.codinghorror.com [Source type: General]

Families of languages

• Declarative programming (including Logical programming)
• Functional programming
• Imperative programming
  • (see also Procedural programming (21. Apr 2007))
• Object oriented programming (16. Dec 2005)
  • (see also Object oriented (21. Apr 2007))

Common concepts

Programming skills

Data Structures and algorithms

• Data Structures
• Algorithms
• Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms

Language-related skills

• Agent Oriented Programming (16. Dec 2005)
• Ars based programming
• Aspect oriented programming
• Component based software development
• Concurrent programming
• Constraint-based programming
• Design by Contract
• Distributed programming
• Embedded Programming
• Event driven programming
• Generic programming
• Post object programming
• Relational programming
• Symbolic programming
• System Programming

Programming for applications

• Application development
• Artificial Intelligence
• Databases
• Drivers
• Games
• Internet & Networking
• Multimedia
• Operating system creation
• Physics

Programming for platforms

• OS Programming
  • DOS
  • Linux
  • MacOS
  • Windows
  • IBM Midrange Systems
  • IBM Main Frame Systems
  • AROS

History of programming

General trends

• Procedural programming vs Declarative programming
• Structured programming (as opposed to unstructured programming)

Specific languages

ALGOL 

was the first structured programming language and as such is the basis for all modern imperative languages. It was built around the notion of a block, delimited by BEGIN and END containing declarations and statements. ALGOL is a recursive general-purpose language, including recursive calls at a time when this was thought too difficult in languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. ALGOL is a stack language, so as blocks are entered, the declared variables are pushed on the stack and when a block exits, the stack is reduced. A block without declarations is not actually a block, but a compound statement, causing no stack building overhead. ALGOL was first developed as ALGOL 58, based on the formal BNF (Backus-Naur Form) language design notation. .ALGOL-60 was a revision and this formed the basis of many other languages such as ALGOL-68, ALGOL-W, Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon, C, C++, Java, Simula, Ada, and Eiffel.^ Browser based Java based Dynamic language based: Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl Native cross-platform development environment, e.g Qt Apollo Others, e.g.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.ALGOL-60 was the first language used for systems programming in the Burroughs B5000 stack machines operating system in the early 1960s (when all else was programmed in assembler and where ALGOL is still used in 2006 Current ALGOL manual ).^ Taking that file as input, the compiler generates code to be used to easily build RPC clients and servers that communicate seamlessly across programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Someone should inform the ReSharper folks that encoding type information in variable names sucks, that's why we're using a strongly typed programming language like C# in the first place.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ They suggest that higher-order functions are the true measure of dynamic programming, and some languages "use eval as a poor man's substitute for higher-order functions."

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Learning ALGOL will teach you the basis of block-structured languages and structured programming concepts.^ I quickly learned that a lot of the features I'd considered as language bloat a couple of months ago actually made a lot of sense if you're familiar with the advantages of dynamic and functional programming approaches to the tasks of software development.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Simula 

was the first object-oriented language developed in 1967 using ALGOL-60 as a basis (much as C++ used C). It was originally conceived as a simulation language (hence the name) to model real world systems. As ALGOL had been a block-structured language with blocks entered on the stack as they were called and deleted from the stack when exited, Simula liberated programs from this restriction. Thus a block could be entered but when the code exited, the block persisted on the heap, rather than on the stack – thus the object was born. However, unlike records and structures (structs) of other languages, procedures were associated with this saved block so a programmer could define an entire algebra to manipulate entities. Thus variables declared as part of the outer block (class) persisted beyond the original invocation of the block code (which would now be considered a constructor or creation routine). Local variables and arguments to the procedures in the class would be pushed on the stack when called and popped when exited, but would manipulate the object’s persistent state. Class facilities could be abstracted by use of inheritance. Simula also included a sophisticated concurrency paradigm. Learning Simula will teach you object-oriented and simulation concepts along with concurrency concepts and the use of coroutines and cooperating processes.

Smalltalk 

was developed by .Adele Goldberg, Alan Kay (the real inventor of Windows) and others at Xerox PARC. It is an object-oriented language with a natural language syntax.^ I love the REPL, I love the flexibility that comes from having natural support tuples in the language and I love the more compact syntax.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.It is a typeless language and thus very flexible and dynamic, resulting in quick turn around of code, but can result in exceptions at run time that would have been caught at compile time by a typed language.^ This is where the dynamic type from C# 4.0 would be very useful.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ In a duck-typed language, the equivalent function would take an object of any type and call that object's walk and quack methods.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Extension Methods help blend the flexibility of "duck typing" support popular within dynamic languages today with the performance and compile-time validation of strongly-typed languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Its concepts were the basis of Objective-C. Learning Smalltalk will teach you object-oriented programming in a typeless language with a very different syntax.^ I quickly learned that a lot of the features I'd considered as language bloat a couple of months ago actually made a lot of sense if you're familiar with the advantages of dynamic and functional programming approaches to the tasks of software development.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Categories: Programming January 5, 2008 @ 07:55 AM Comments [9] Python vs C# 3.0: Tuples vs. Anonymous Types (Redux) One of the things to keep in mind when learning a new programming language is that it isn’t enough to learn the syntax and semantics of various language features you are unfamiliar with.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ My next step [now that the rigors of buying the house and planning the wedding are over] is to broaden my programming horizons by learning a radically different programming language from my comfort zone, Python and C# respectively, while not harming my personal life or work habits.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

C++ 

.C++ (pronounced "see plus plus") is a general-purpose, object-oriented, statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm programming language supporting procedural programming, data abstraction, and generic programming.^ In a duck-typed language, the equivalent function would take an object of any type and call that object's walk and quack methods.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ Taking that file as input, the compiler generates code to be used to easily build RPC clients and servers that communicate seamlessly across programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ The word on the street has been that their dynamic nature makes developers more productive that those of us shackled to statically typed languages like C# and Java.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.During the 1990s, C++ became one of the most popular computer programming languages.^ In addition, C# 3.0 actually fixed one of the problems I'd encountered in my previous experience with a dynamic programming language while in college.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ PS: Shame on Pete for equating dynamic languages with the runtimes for certain popular Open Source dynamic programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ I'm not interested in a one-liner contest, necessarily, but it does seem to me that a basic natural sort shouldn't require the 40+ lines of code it takes in most languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Bjarne Stroustrup from Bell Labs was the designer and original implementer of C++ (originally named "C with Classes") during the 1980s as an enhancement to the C programming language.^ IO; namespace Name_agram{ class Program { static void Main( string [] args){ var names = from line in File .

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ The capability of a programming language to treat functions as first class objects that can be the input(s) or the output(s) of a function call is a key feature of many of today's popular "dynamic" programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Enhancements started with the addition of classes, followed by, among many features, virtual functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates, and exception handling, these and other features are covered in detail in several Wikibooks on the subject.^ I consider this feature to be the new incarnation of operator overloading.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ One of the features I started building before going with the Google Social Graph API was a quick way to provide the follower counts for a batch of users.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ The capability of a programming language to treat functions as first class objects that can be the input(s) or the output(s) of a function call is a key feature of many of today's popular "dynamic" programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

The C++ programming language standard was ratified in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, the current version of which is the 2003 version, ISO/IEC 14882:2003.

The 1998 C++ Standard consists of two parts: the Core Language and the Standard Library; the latter includes the Standard Template Library and C's Standard Library. .Many C++ libraries exist which are not part of the Standard, such as Boost.^ IronPython doesn't have a number of standard libraries that are used in the book such as os, xml.dom, UserDict, sgmllib and so on.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

.Also, non-Standard libraries written in C can generally be used by C++ programs.^ Taking that file as input, the compiler generates code to be used to easily build RPC clients and servers that communicate seamlessly across programming languages.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ IronPython doesn't have a number of standard libraries that are used in the book such as os, xml.dom, UserDict, sgmllib and so on.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Features introduced in C++ include declarations as statements, function-like casts, new/delete, .bool, reference types, const, inline functions, default arguments, function overloading, namespaces, classes (including all class-related features such as inheritance, member functions, virtual functions, abstract classes, and constructors), operator overloading, templates, the :: operator, exception handling, run-time type identification, and more type checking in several cases.^ It should be noted that “open classes” in Ruby come with a bunch more features than extension methods in C# 3.0.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ For example, in the Top Stories feature of RSS Bandit I have some code that operates on a URL, its weighted score and a list of all the posts that reference it.

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

^ I hit a rather frustrating bug where half the time I tried to run my application it would end up hanging and I'd have to try again after several minutes .

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Comments starting with two slashes ("//") were originally part of BCPL, and was reintroduced in C++. .Several features of C++ were later adopted by C, including const, inline, declarations in for loops, and C++-style comments (using the // symbol).^ I tried to take a feature that was meant to be coupled with C# 3.0’s declarative Language Integrated Query (LINQ) and use it in the traditional imperative loop constructs I’ve been familiar with since my days programming in C. .

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Visual Basic 

Visual Basic (VB) is one of the worlds most commonly used programing languages. This is because of it's simplicity and ease of use. One of the most basic functions of VB is the message box command. If I wanted to make a message box appear with a chosen message, all i would have to type would be: msgbox "hello word"

Java 

Java 2 Micro Edition

Additional Information

Editors

Vim (Feb 7, 2005)

An abbreviation of Vi Improved, this editor is modelled on the classic Unix editor vi. .However, Vim is a much more modern editor with an optional graphical interface and quite a few features vi doesn't have, making it the editor of choice for someone experienced with vi.^ It doesn’t make much sense to show people a “submit to reddit” button if they don’t use reddit .

• Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life - Programming 3 February 2010 17:34 UTC www.25hoursaday.com [Source type: General]

Tools

Here are sentences from other pages on Computer programming, which are similar to those in the above article.