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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Courts of the United States include both the United States federal courts, comprising the judicial branch of the federal government of the United States (operating under the authority of the United States Constitution and federal law) and state and territorial courts of the individual U.S. states and territories (operating under the authority of the state and territorial constitutions and state and territorial law)

In federal legislation, regulations governing the "courts of the United States" only refer to the courts of the United States government, and not the courts of the individual states. Because of the federalist underpinnings of the division between federal and state governments, the various state court systems are free to operate in ways that vary widely from those of the federal government, and from one another. In practice, however, every state has adopted a division of its judiciary into at least two levels, and almost every state has three levels, with trial courts hearing cases which may be reviewed by appellate courts, and finally by a state supreme court. A few states have two separate supreme courts, with one having authority over civil matters and the other reviewing criminal cases. State courts may have different names and organization; trial courts may be called "courts of common plea" and appellate courts "superior courts" or "commonwealth courts".[1] State courts hear about 98% of litigation; most states have special jurisdiction courts, which typically handle minor disputes such as traffic citations, and general jurisdiction courts which handle more serious disputes.[2]

The U.S. federal court system hears cases involving litigants from two or more states, violations of federal laws, treaties, and the Constitution, admiralty, bankruptcy, and related issues.[3] In practice, about 80% of the cases are civil and 20% criminal.[2] The civil cases often involve civil rights, patents, and Social Security while the criminal cases involve tax fraud, robbery, counterfeiting, and drug crimes.[2] The trial courts are U.S. district courts, followed by United States courts of appeals and then the Supreme Court of the United States. The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, is appealed to an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort.[4]

Institutions which may be considered courts of the United States are listed below.

Contents

United States federal courts

The geographical boundary of the 12 United States Courts of Appeals

Geographic based jurisdiction

Specific subject-matter jurisdiction

  • United States federal courts with Original Jurisdiction over specific subject matter:
Headquarters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on Madison Place in Washington, D.C.
See also: Article I and Article III tribunals

Former United States Courts

Courts by state of the United States

Alabama

Federal courts located in Alabama

(All United States District Courts in Alabama may be appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia)

Former federal courts of Alabama

Alaska

Federal courts located in Alaska

Arizona

Federal courts located in Arizona

Arkansas

Federal courts located in Arkansas

Former federal courts of Arkansas

California

Headquarters of the Supreme Court of California, in San Francisco.

Federal courts located in California

Former federal courts of California

Colorado

Federal courts located in Colorado

Connecticut

Federal courts located in Connecticut

Delaware

Federal courts located in Delaware

Florida

Headquarters of the Florida Supreme Court in Tallahassee.

Federal courts located in Florida

Former federal courts of Florida

Georgia

Federal courts located in Georgia

Former federal courts of Georgia

Hawaii

Aliʻiōlani Hale, in Honolulu, the building where the Hawaiʻi State Supreme Court meets

Federal courts located in Hawaii

Idaho

Federal courts located in Idaho

Illinois

The Dirksen Federal Building in Chicago, headquarters of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Federal courts located in Illinois

Former federal courts of Illinois

Indiana

The E. Ross Adair Federal Building, seat of the Fort Wayne division of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Indiana

Federal courts located in Indiana

Former federal courts of Indiana

Iowa

Federal courts located in Iowa

Former federal courts of Iowa

Kansas

Federal courts located in Kansas

Kentucky

Federal courts located in this state

Former federal courts of Kentucky

Louisiana

The John Minor Wisdom U.S. Courthouse, home of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in New Orleans.

Federal courts located in this state

Former federal courts of Louisiana

Maine

Federal courts located in Maine

Maryland

Federal courts located in Maryland

Former federal courts of Maryland

Massachusetts

John Adams Courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts, home to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and Massachusetts Appeals Court.

Judicial courts

Administrative courts

Federal courts located in Massachusetts

Michigan

Federal courts located in Michigan

Former federal courts of Michigan

Minnesota

Supreme Court Chamber of the Minnesota Supreme Court in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.

Federal courts located in Minnesota

Mississippi

Federal courts located in Mississippi

Former federal courts of Mississippi

Missouri

Missouri State Supreme Court building across from state capitol in Jefferson City.

Federal courts located in Missouri

Former federal courts of Missouri

Montana

Federal courts located in Montana

Nebraska

Federal courts located in Nebraska

Nevada

The headquarters of the Supreme Court of Nevada in Carson City.

Federal courts located in Nevada

New Hampshire

Federal courts located in New Hampshire

New Jersey

Richard J. Hughes Justice Complex, Trenton, New Jersey: The seat of the New Jersey Supreme Court and the central administrative offices of all statewide courts in New Jersey.

Federal courts located in New Jersey

Former federal courts of New Jersey

New Mexico

Federal courts located in New Mexico

New York

The 1842 courthouse of the New York Court of Appeals in Albany.

Federal courts located in New York

Former federal courts of New York

North Carolina

Federal courts located in North Carolina

Former federal courts of North Carolina

North Dakota

Federal courts located in North Dakota

Ohio

The Ohio Judicial Center, current headquarters of the Supreme Court of Ohio.

Federal courts located in this state

Former federal courts of Ohio

Oklahoma

Federal courts located in Oklahoma

Oregon

Courtroom of the Oregon Supreme Court.

Federal courts located in Oregon

Pennsylvania

Federal courts located in Pennsylvania

Former federal courts of Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Federal courts located in Rhode Island

South Carolina

Federal courts located in South Carolina

South Dakota

Federal courts located in South Dakota

Tennessee

Federal courts located in Tennessee

Former federal courts of Tennessee

Texas

Federal courts located in Texas

Former federal courts of Texas

Utah

The Utah Supreme Court meets in the Scott M. Matheson Courthouse.

Federal courts located in Utah

Vermont

Federal courts located in Vermont

Virginia

Federal courts located in Virginia

Former federal courts of Virginia

Washington

The headquarters of the Washington Supreme Court in Olympia.

Federal courts located in Washington

Former federal courts of Washington

West Virginia

Federal courts located in West Virginia

Former federal courts of West Virginia

Wisconsin

Federal courts located in Wisconsin

Former federal courts of Wisconsin

Wyoming

Federal courts located in Wyoming

Courts in the District of Columbia

Federal courts located in the District of Columbia

Former federal courts in the District of Columbia

Courts of the Territories of the United States

See also: United States territorial court

American Samoa

High Court of American Samoa courthouse.

Guam

United States territorial court

Northern Mariana Islands

United States territorial court

Panama Canal Zone

Puerto Rico

  • Supreme Court of Puerto Rico (Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico)[364]
    • Circuit Court of Appeals of Puerto Rico (Tribunal de Apelaciones)[365]
      • Courts of First Instance of Puerto Rico (Tribunal de Primera Instancia; 13 divisions)[366]

Federal courts located in Puerto Rico:

United States Virgin Islands

United States territorial court

Extraterritorial courts of the United States

External links

References

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  364. ^ Tribunal de Apelaciones de Puerto Rico (in Spanish)
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