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.The terms "dependent variable" and "independent variable" are used in similar but subtly different ways in mathematics and statistics as part of the standard terminology in those subjects.^ This technique is slightly different in that the independent variables are categorical and the dependent variable is metric.
  • Eleven Multivariate Analysis Techniques by Michael Richarme 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.decisionanalyst.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ I use the term "independent variable " to indicate a variable that I can manipulate , or a variable that will have some effect on the "dependent variable."
  • Independent Variables and Dependent Variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC core.ecu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .They are used to distinguish between two types of quantities being considered, separating them into those available at the start of a process and those being created by it, where the latter (dependent variables) are dependent on the former (independent variables).^ The write(s) to that variable can be considered independently.
  • PolyhedralModelExtensions - GCC Wiki 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC gcc.gnu.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The first row gives the correlations between the independent and dependent variables.
  • Using SPSS for Linear Regression 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC academic.udayton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We consider here two formulations of this type.
  • Citations: The eliminant of three quantics in two independent variables - Dixon (ResearchIndex) 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC citeseer.ist.psu.edu [Source type: Academic]

Contents

Simplified example

.The independent variable is typically the variable being manipulated or changed and the dependent variable is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated.^ It is the variable being observed in the experiment.
  • WikiAnswers - What is the difference between independent and dependent variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In experiments , the explanatory variable is the one that is manipulated; the one that is observed is the dependent variable .

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .For example concerning nutrition, the independent variable of your daily vitamin C intake (how much should I take) can determine the dependent variable of your life span (what is the result or observation as a result of manipulating the 'independent variable').^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The independent variable is also called the manipulated variable or the predictor variable.
  • Statistics and Probability Dictionary 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC stattrek.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
  • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .Scientists will manipulate the vitamin C intake in a group of lets say 100 people who are over the age of 65. Half of the group, 50 people will be given a daily high dose of vitamin C (lets say 2000 mg) and 50 people will be given a placebo pill (no vitamin C dose or a pill with zero vitamin C) over a period of 25 years.^ D_it, is zero for everybody in period 1 and switched on for some in period 2 (think of a training program that some people participate in between periods; period 1 is before, period 2 is after (similar to Ashenfelter and Card, 1985) .

 ^ And that won't change, no matter who becomes President, unless the people of this nation decide to make changing it a priority.
  • The Tyranny of Not-So-Independent Variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.lipmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ So if we were to look at the relationship between education and health among only people who eat nutritionally sensible food, we might find no relationship.
  • Elements of a theoretical framework 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.analytictech.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The scientists will log the life span of the 100 people to see if there is any statistically significant change in the life span of the people who took the high dose and those who took the placebo (no dose).^ And that won't change, no matter who becomes President, unless the people of this nation decide to make changing it a priority.
  • The Tyranny of Not-So-Independent Variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.lipmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ So if we were to look at the relationship between education and health among only people who eat nutritionally sensible food, we might find no relationship.
  • Elements of a theoretical framework 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.analytictech.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Divergent thinkers are those who are very good at seeing a problem and coming up with loads of solutions!
  • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary D 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The goal is to see if the independent variable of high vitamin C dosage affects the dependent variable of people's life span.^ Many people have trouble remembering which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable.
  • What is the difference between: independent variables and dependent variables????? - Yahoo!7 Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC au.answers.yahoo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ See Dependent variable , under Dependent .
  • Definition of Independent from dictionary.net 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.dictionary.net [Source type: Original source]

Use in mathematics

.In traditional calculus, a function is defined as a relation between two terms called variables because their values vary.^ The variance of X is defined in terms of the expected value as: .
  • Eli Bendersky’s website » Blog Archive » Variance of the sum of independent random variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC eli.thegreenplace.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Relations between Variables .
  • Elementary Concepts in Statistics 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.statsoft.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Because Y is estimated from a known value of X , it is called the dependent variable and X the independent variable .
  • 3(h). Inferential Statistics: Regression and Correlation 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.physicalgeography.net [Source type: Academic]

 Call the terms, for example, x and y. .If every value of x is associated with exactly one value of y, then y is said to be a function of x.^ A model is said to be Under-identified if there is no way of estimating all the structural parameters and Over-identified if more than one value is obtainable for some parameters.
  • Nalms :: North American Lake Management Society :: Water Words Glossary 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.nalms.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ CallBackFunc is the name of a caller supplied function which receives the T, X, and XPrime values every ReturnInterval increments of the independent variable.
  • Runge-Kutta O.D.E. Algorithm 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.delphiforfun.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate of variation; -- said of quantities or functions.
  • Definition of Independent from dictionary.net 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.dictionary.net [Source type: Original source]

 .It is customary to use x for what is called the "independent variable," and y for what is called the "dependent variable" because its value depends on the value of x.^ Dependent variable - (a) The presumed effect in a study; so called because it "depends" on another variable.
  • Glossary of Research 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.rtc.pdx.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ What is the end value of the independent variable?
  • PHY 499 - Independent Study 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.physics.emich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [1] .Therefore, y = x2 means that y, the dependent variable, is the square of x, the independent variable.^ In a direct relationship , a higher value of the independent variable is related to a higher value of the dependent variable (or vice-versa).
  • Variables and Relationships 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC faculty.etsu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ In this case, the R Square value is 0.9544, meaning that 95.44% of the dependent variable variation can be explained by the independent variable.
  • Use Excel to separate fixed and variable costs - Excel - Microsoft Office Online 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC office.microsoft.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Ask students to calculate means of the dependent variable values at each independent variable category or value.
  • BioProjects: Independent Research in Bio 101 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.vccaedu.org [Source type: Academic]

 [1][2]
The most common way to denote a "function" is to replace y, the dependent variable, by f(x), where f is the first letter of the word "function." Thus, y = f(x) = x2 means that y, a dependent variable, a function of x, is the square of x. .Also, in this form, the expression is called an "explicit" function of x, contrasted with x2 − y = 0, which is called an "implicit" function.^ The expression is evaluated and the resulting object is converted to a number as if by a call to the number function.
  • XSL Transformations (XSLT) 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.w3.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The attribute value template is instantiated by replacing the expression together with surrounding curly braces by the result of evaluating the expression and converting the resulting object to a string as if by a call to the string function.
  • XSL Transformations (XSLT) 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.w3.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ A function named "if" can be called by binding its namespace to a prefix and using the prefixed form: "library:if(foo)" instead of "if(foo)".
  • XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.w3.org [Source type: Reference]

 [1]

Use in statistics

Controlled experiments

.In a statistics experiment, the dependent variable is the event studied and expected to change whenever the independent variable is altered.^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
  • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Is speed a dependent variable or an independent variable?
  • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [2]
.In the design of experiments, an independent variable's values are controlled or selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (i.e., the dependent variable).^ In a direct relationship , a higher value of the independent variable is related to a higher value of the dependent variable (or vice-versa).
  • Variables and Relationships 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC faculty.etsu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It is the variable being observed in the experiment.
  • WikiAnswers - What is the difference between independent and dependent variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ What is the end value of the independent variable?
  • PHY 499 - Independent Study 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.physics.emich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable.^ What is the end value of the independent variable?
  • PHY 499 - Independent Study 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.physics.emich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
  • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given.^ What is the end value of the independent variable?
  • PHY 499 - Independent Study 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.physics.emich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
  • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ What is the initial value of the independent variable?
  • PHY 499 - Independent Study 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.physics.emich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The dependent variable, on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled.^ Dependant variable = a variable that is dependent on other variable(s).
  • Define independant and dependant variable. on Yedda - People. Sharing. Knowledge. 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC yedda.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled.
  • What is the difference bewteen an Independent and Dependent Variable? - Yahoo! Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC answers.yahoo.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Dependent and independent variables - Psychology Wiki 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Identify the dependent, independent, and control variables.
  • DataCounts! Modules 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.ssdan.net [Source type: Academic]
.Controlled variables are also important to identify in experiments.^ Identify the dependent, independent, and control variables.
  • DataCounts! Modules 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.ssdan.net [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Controlled variables are also important to identify in experiments.
  • Dependent and independent variables - Psychology Wiki 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]
  • What Is the defenition of Independent Variable? - Yahoo! Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC answers.yahoo.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Intermediate targets - Variables that the government can­not control directly and does not seek to control ultimately, yet that have an important influence on policy variables.
  • I - IB (International Baccalaureate) to Issuing house - Dictionary 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.tuition.com.hk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .They are the variables that are kept constant to prevent their influence on the effect of the independent variable on the dependent.^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Is speed a dependent variable or an independent variable?
  • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The additive model is describing a constant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
  • Fundamentals of Statistical Interactions 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.ruf.rice.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Every experiment has a controlling variable, and it is necessary to not change it, or the results of the experiment won't be valid.^ Every experiment has a controlling variable, and it is necessary to not change it, or the results of the experiment won't be accurate.
  • Dependent and independent variables - Psychology Wiki 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The dependent variable changes as a result of, or in response to, the variations in the dependent variable.
  • What are the dependent, independent & extraneous variables? Explain with suitable examples. - Science - Questions & Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.enotes.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Controlled variables are also important to identify in experiments.
  • Dependent and independent variables - Psychology Wiki 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]
."Extraneous variables" are those that might affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.^ Search Moderator Variable A moderator variable is the independent qualitative or quantitative variable that affects the relationship of the dependent and independent variables .
  • Moderator Variable - Dogpile Web Search 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.dogpile.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ However, if the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable is important, then SSS the equation.
  • The Web's Multiple Regression Home Page 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.eskimo.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Extraneous variables are usually not theoretically interesting.^ Usually we want to limit this comparison to a subset of the the matrix -- namely, to the part corresponding to the correlations of the criterion variables with the variables of interest.
  • SDA 1.2 Help File for Analysis Programs 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.webuse.umd.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ This test is usually of less interest than the tests for the regression coefficients of the independent variables.
  • SDA 1.2 Help File for Analysis Programs 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.webuse.umd.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .They are measured in order for the experimenter to compensate for them.^ They are 'experimental' in design because they involve the manipulation of an independent variable , and consequent observation/measurement of a dependent variable .
  • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary - Report Writing 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The experimental method is thus a controlled procedure involving the manipulation of an independent variable (IV) in order to observe or measure its effect on a dependent variable (DV).
  • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary - Report Writing 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

 .For example, an experimenter who wishes to measure the degree to which caffeine intake (the independent variable) influences explicit recall for a word list (the dependent variable) might also measure the participant's age (extraneous variable).^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Is speed a dependent variable or an independent variable?
  • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The dependent variable is the participant's response.
  • Variables - Educational Research - Del Siegle 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gifted.uconn.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .She can then use these age data to control for the uninteresting effect of age, clarifying the relationship between caffeine and memory.^ Bar graphs are often used for data that represent separate or discrete groups or categories, thus emphasizing the discrete differences between the groups.
  • The Environmental Literacy Council - Data Table Examples 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.enviroliteracy.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Linear regression is a statistical technique that fits a line to a set of data points to show the relationship between two variables.
  • Use Excel to separate fixed and variable costs - Excel - Microsoft Office Online 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC office.microsoft.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Now control for age and you will find the relationship gets a lot weaker.
  • New View of Statistics: Complex Models 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.sportsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In summary:
  • Independent variables answer the question "What do I change?"
  • Dependent variables answer the question "What do I observe?"
  • Controlled variables answer the question "What do I keep the same?"
  • Extraneous variables answer the question "What uninteresting variables might mediate the effect of the IV on the DV?"

Alternative terminology in statistics

.In statistics, the dependent/independent variable terminology is used more widely than just in relation to controlled experiments.^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Independent variables are isolated and controlled by the researcher during the experiment or the research study.
  • What are the dependent, independent & extraneous variables? Explain with suitable examples. - Science - Questions & Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.enotes.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
  • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .For example the data analysis of two jointly varying quantities may involve treating each in turn as the dependent variable and the other as the independent variable.^ Ranges of other variables (data-dependent variables) can be queried with range propagation [Har77].
  • PolyhedralModelExtensions - GCC Wiki 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC gcc.gnu.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable.
  • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The two groups are then compared on the dependent variable.
  • Ed 603 - Lesson 12 - Causal-Comparative Research 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.mnstate.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .However, for general usage, the pair response variable and explanatory variable is preferable as quantities treated as "independent variables" are rarely statistically independent.^ A dependent variable changes in response to changes in independent variables .
  • General Chemistry Online: Glossary: 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC antoine.frostburg.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Independent variables are often also called explanatory variables or predictors .
  • Guide 2: Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC mailer.fsu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ However, if the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable is important, then SSS the equation.
  • The Web's Multiple Regression Home Page 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.eskimo.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [3][4]
.Depending on the context, an independent variable is also known as a "predictor variable," "regressor," "controlled variable," "manipulated variable," "explanatory variable," "exposure variable," and/or "input variable."^ In this case, the R Square value is 0.9544, meaning that 95.44% of the dependent variable variation can be explained by the independent variable.
  • Use Excel to separate fixed and variable costs - Excel - Microsoft Office Online 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC office.microsoft.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This technique examines the relationship between several categorical independent variables and two or more metric dependent variables.
  • Eleven Multivariate Analysis Techniques by Michael Richarme 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.decisionanalyst.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ In this case, the algorithm will determine a common set of basis functions in the predictors, but estimate different coefficients for each dependent variable.
  • Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARSplines) 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.statsoft.com [Source type: Academic]

 [5] .A dependent variable is also known as a "response variable," "regressand," "measured variable," "observed variable," "responding variable," "explained variable," "outcome variable," "experimental variable," and/or "output variable."^ Your independent variable (IV) is the one you manipulate or change, while the dependent variable (DV) is the one you observe or measure as a consequence.
  • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary - Report Writing 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

 ^ This is because mid-range predictor values (as measured by low extremity of predictor variables) should be associated with mid-range dependent values (as measured by the extremity of errors) only when the true independent is used as the predictor of the true dependent.
  • Regression: Statnotes, from North Carolina State University, Public Administration Program 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC faculty.chass.ncsu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Using hierarchical regression, one can see how most variance in the dependent can be explained by one or a set of new independent variables, over and above that explained by an earlier set.
  • Regression: Statnotes, from North Carolina State University, Public Administration Program 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC faculty.chass.ncsu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [6]
.In addition, some special types of statistical analysis use terminology more relevant to the specific context.^ To do this use some descriptive statistics and inferential statistics .
  • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary - Report Writing 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Type in search term(s) in the blanks provided to retrieve information from conference abstracts or research abstracts by using keyword(s), specific title, year, location, and/or researcher name.
  • http://www.nursinglibrary.org/Portal/main.aspx?PageID=4018 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.nursinglibrary.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ In addition, their analysis is the only one that disaggregates by types of spending and controls for spending variations over time.
  • The Political Economy of the New Deal: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.independent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .For example reliability theory uses the term exposure variable for what would otherewise be an explanatory or dependent variable, and medical statistics may use the term risk factor.^ A term used in statistical analysis.

 ^ Dependent variables rely on other variables.
  • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ For statistics I add explanatory variable = independent variable and response variable = dependent variable.
  • Independent Variables and Dependent Variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC core.ecu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Examples

.
  • If one were to measure the influence of different quantities of fertilizer on plant growth, the independent variable would be the amount of fertilizer used (the changing factor of the experiment).^ The variables that are used to describe or measure the factors that are assumed to cause or at least to influence the problem are called the INDEPENDENT variables.
    • Module 8: VARIABLES: Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.idrc.ca [Source type: Academic]
    • Module 8: VARIABLES: Centre de recherches pour le d�veloppement international 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.idrc.ca [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Dependent variables are those which are changed by the independent variables.
    • Variables, Functions and Equations 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Reference]

     ^ An experiment where just one independent variable is changed through a range of values and the resulting change on a dependent variable is measured.
    • 8886: Science Coursework Glossary 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.8886.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

     .The dependent variables would be the growth in height and/or mass of the plant (the factors that are influenced in the experiment) and the controlled variables would be the type of plant, the type of fertilizer, the amount of sunlight the plant gets, the size of the pots, etc.^ Identify the dependent, independent, and control variables.
    • DataCounts! Modules 15 September 2009 7:07 UTC www.ssdan.net [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Control variable: A control variable is a variable that effects the dependent variable.
    • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Similar experiments, with similar null and alternative hypotheses, will be analyzed completely differently depending on which of these three variable types are involved.
    • Handbook of Biological Statistics: Types of variables 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC udel.edu [Source type: Academic]

     .(the factors that would otherwise influence the dependent variable if they were not controlled).
  • In a study of how different doses of a drug affect the severity of symptoms, a researcher could compare the frequency and intensity of symptoms (the dependent variables) when different doses (the independent variable) are administered, and attempt to draw a conclusion.
  • In measuring the acceleration of a vehicle, time is usually the independent variable, while speed is the dependent variable.^ If the independent variable is an active variable then we manipulate the values of the variable to study its affect on another variable.
    • Variables and Hypotheses 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC sahs.utmb.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Independent variables are isolated and controlled by the researcher during the experiment or the research study.
    • What are the dependent, independent & extraneous variables? Explain with suitable examples. - Science - Questions & Answers 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.enotes.com [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Discuss the difference between dependent and independent variables and how they are used in research designs.
    • Module 8: VARIABLES: Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.idrc.ca [Source type: Academic]
    • Module 8: VARIABLES: Centre de recherches pour le d�veloppement international 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.idrc.ca [Source type: Academic]

     .This is because when taking measurements, times are usually predetermined, and the resulting speed of the vehicle is recorded at those times.^ Usually as a result of a repeated measures design .
    • Gerard Keegan's Psychology Site: Glossary - Report Writing 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.gerardkeegan.co.uk [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The default values of the tcp_keepalive_probes and tcp_keepalive_intvl can be used to get the default time it will take before the connection is timed out because of keepalive.
    • http://www.frozentux.net/ipsysctl-tutorial/ipsysctl-tutorial.html 9 February 2010 15:18 UTC www.frozentux.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ If the model be correct, we would expect the n trials to result in outcome i about n × p i times, give or take a bit.

     .As far as the experiment is concerned, the speed is dependent on the time.^ The speed depends on time and so speed is a dependent variable.
    • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The speed depends on the time that has gone by since you dropped it.
    • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Your speed changes over time, but it doesn't depend on anything because you can run how you like.
    • Re: Please explain what an indepent variable and dependent variable is 6 February 2010 12:12 UTC www.madsci.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     Since the decision is made to measure the speed at certain times, time is the independent variable.
  • In measuring the amount of color removed from beetroot samples at different temperatures, the dependent variable would be the amount of pigment removed, since it is depending on the temperature (which is the independent variable).
  • In sociology, in measuring the effect of education on income or wealth, the dependent variable could be a level of income or wealth measured in monetary units (United States Dollars for example), and an independent variable could be the education level of the individual(s) who compose(s) the household (i.e. academic degrees).

References

  1. ^ a b c Thompson, S.P; Gardner, M; Calculus Made Easy. 1998. Page 10-11. ISBN 0312185480.
  2. ^ a b Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 534, 971. ISBN 037572026.
  3. ^ Everitt, B.S. (2002) Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics, CUP. ISBN 0-521-81099-x
  4. ^ Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms, OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9
  5. ^ Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms, OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9 (entries for "independent variable" and "regression")
  6. ^ Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms, OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9 (entry for "regression")

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 17, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Dependent and independent variables, which are similar to those in the above article.








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