From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ American Psychiatric Association (1980).- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
- Anxiety Disorders : Future Directions for Research and Treatment - Mental Health - Public Health Agency of Canada 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.phac-aspc.gc.ca [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Edition.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ American Psychiatric Association (2001).- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Mental health, United States, 2000.- NEJM -- Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC content.nejm.org [Source type: Academic]
^ It should be emphasized that if this Spanish language version is going to be used in a Spanish-speaking population in the United States, some changes may be required because of differences in dialects.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ A second generation of cross-national psychiatric surveys was carried out in the 1990s 17 - 24 using a more elaborate interview, the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as
praise.
.^ No 12-month mental disorder(g) .- 4327.0 - National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Users' Guide, 2007 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.abs.gov.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Unlike some disorders for which there are specific treatment protocols based on abundant research evidence, presently there are no treatment guidelines for ASD published in the general pediatric literature to assist the primary care physician.- The Pediatrician's Role in the Diagnosis and Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children -- Committee on Children With Disabilities 107 (5): 1221 -- AAP Policy 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC aappolicy.aappublications.org [Source type: Academic]
^ I know with some of the eating disorders , such as anorexia and binging there are host of contributors.- Mood Disorders | LIVESTRONG.COM 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.livestrong.com [Source type: General]
.^ It may be that psychiatric comorbidity has a greater effect when there are economic and other system pressures to shorten hospital stay.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Method A sample of 1011 adults receiving out-patienttreatment for a psychiatric disorder in the public mental health systems of five US states were interviewed.- Treatment engagement and violence risk in mental disorders -- ELBOGEN et al. 189 (4): 354 -- The British Journal of Psychiatry 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC bjp.rcpsych.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (D S M-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Edition.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision.- Integrated Treatment of Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance UseDisorders � Lecture Outline 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org [Source type: Academic]
^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ We identified 593 children who had ASD diagnoses ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification , code 299.0 or 299.8) recorded 2 or more times in KP outpatient databases before May 2005.- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Maternal and Paternal Age and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders, April 2007, Croen et al. 161 (4): 334 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpedi.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The survey was designed to produce diagnoses of mental disorders by two classification systems: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ; and the WHO International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) .- 4327.0 - National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Users' Guide, 2007 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.abs.gov.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The diagnostic criteria for all mental disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV).2 .- Geminus Corporation - Bipolar Disorder - Bipolar Disorder Research at the National Institute of Mental Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.geminus.org [Source type: Academic]
Uses
.^ All about Mental Health Problems .- Causes Of Mental Disorders | LIVESTRONG.COM 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.livestrong.com [Source type: General]
^ Always seek help from qualified professionals in the field of mental health.
^ Self-help groups for former patients: Relations with mental health professionals.- Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 2 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.surgeongeneral.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Although criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition, text revision (DSM IV-TR1), allow diagnosis of a specific eating disorder, many patients demonstrate a mixture of both anorexia and bulimia.
^ But it would be useful to know how to approach a patient's illness by having some kind of diagnosis as a starting point.- Psychiatry's civil war - health - 14 December 2009 - New Scientist 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The diagnostic criteria for all mental disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV).2 .- Geminus Corporation - Bipolar Disorder - Bipolar Disorder Research at the National Institute of Mental Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.geminus.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Paper presented at the annual conference of Mental Health Services Research and Evaluation, Arlington, VA. Campbell, J. (1997).- Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 2 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.surgeongeneral.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ We think that further research may greatly benefit from using a dimensional approach.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ An essential first step in obtaining effective treatment is making prompt contact with a health care provider after the first onset of a mental or substance use disorder.- Delay of First Treatment of Mental and Substance Use Disorders in Mexico -- Borges et al. 97 (9): 1638 -- American Journal of Public Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ajph.aphapublications.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Although criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition, text revision (DSM IV-TR1), allow diagnosis of a specific eating disorder, many patients demonstrate a mixture of both anorexia and bulimia.
^ Patients who have manic and hypomanic symptoms often minimize AOD and psychiatric disorders.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Another study [ 23 ] exposed GPs to 52 patients with validated psychiatric symptoms.- Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health | Full text | General practitioners' self-perceived ability to recognize severity of common mental disorders: an underestimated factor in case identification? 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.cpementalhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ The gold standard for diagnosis of nicotine dependence comes from DSM-IV and ICD-10.- Disabilities, Quality of Life, and Mental Disorders Associated With Smoking and Nicotine Dependence -- Schmitz et al. 160 (9): 1670 -- Am J Psychiatry 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ajp.psychiatryonline.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The clinical interview using DSM-IV (Volume 1: Fundamentals).- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnosis and Exclusion Criteria Diagnosis of autism was established by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised , 28 the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), 29 the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV , 3 and the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases – 10 criteria, under the direction of a board-certified child psychiatrist.- Decreased Left Posterior Insular Activity during Auditory Language in Autism -- Anderson et al. 31 (1): 131 -- American Journal of Neuroradiology 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.ajnr.org [Source type: Academic]
[2]
.^ American Psychiatric Association (1980).- Anxiety Disorders : Future Directions for Research and Treatment - Mental Health - Public Health Agency of Canada 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.phac-aspc.gc.ca [Source type: Academic]
^ American Psychiatric Association (2001).- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Copyright © 2003 American Psychiatric Association.- Disabilities, Quality of Life, and Mental Disorders Associated With Smoking and Nicotine Dependence -- Schmitz et al. 160 (9): 1670 -- Am J Psychiatry 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ajp.psychiatryonline.org [Source type: Academic]
[3]
History
.^ Mental health, United States, 2000.- NEJM -- Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC content.nejm.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision.- Integrated Treatment of Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance UseDisorders � Lecture Outline 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org [Source type: Academic]
The first official attempt was the
1840
census which used a single category, "idiocy/insanity". The
1880
census distinguished among seven categories:
mania,
melancholia,
monomania,
paresis,
dementia,
dipsomania, and
epilepsy.
.^ American Psychiatric Association (1980).- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
- Anxiety Disorders : Future Directions for Research and Treatment - Mental Health - Public Health Agency of Canada 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.phac-aspc.gc.ca [Source type: Academic]
^ American Psychiatric Association (2001).- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Copyright © 2003 American Psychiatric Association.- Disabilities, Quality of Life, and Mental Disorders Associated With Smoking and Nicotine Dependence -- Schmitz et al. 160 (9): 1670 -- Am J Psychiatry 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ajp.psychiatryonline.org [Source type: Academic]
This was subsequently revised
several times by APA over the years. APA, along with the
New York Academy of
Medicine, also provided the psychiatric
nomenclature subsection of the US medical
guide, the "Standard Classified Nomenclature of Disease", referred
to as the "Standard".
[4]
DSM-I
(1952)
.^ Assessments can be considered part of the treatment process since the assessment process often facilitates breaking through the addicted person's denial mechanisms.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Although surveys of mental disorders have been carried out since the end of World War II, 1 - 3 cross-national comparisons were hampered by inconsistencies in diagnostic methods.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ By answering these questions, it should be possible to improve the screening, clinical risk assessment, and treatment of suicide around the world.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
This
moved the focus away from mental institutions and traditional
clinical perspectives.
.^ Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203.
^ Studies have shown that general practitioners (GPs) under-identify these disorders when compared to standard categorical diagnoses made by structured interviews or by psychiatrists [ 3 , 4 ].- Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health | Full text | General practitioners' self-perceived ability to recognize severity of common mental disorders: an underestimated factor in case identification? 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.cpementalhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ The seriousness of this problem has led the World Health Organization (WHO) [6] , the U.S. Surgeon General [7] , the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [8] , and the Institute of Medicine [2] to call for research aimed at better understanding the risk factors for suicide and nonfatal suicidal behavior.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[5]
.^ Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is much more than the normal anxiety people experience day to day.- Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders - Information on Anxiety and Other Anxiety Related Mental Health Disorders 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.mentalhelp.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some of the harshest criticisms have come from those who led previous revisions of the DSM , in 1980 and 1994.- Psychiatry's civil war - health - 14 December 2009 - New Scientist 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Making us crazy: DSM: The psychiatric Bible and the creation of mental disorders .
This nomenclature eventually was adopted by all Armed Forces", and
"assorted modifications of the Armed Forces nomenclature [were]
introduced into many clinics and hospitals by psychiatrists
returning from military duty." The
Veterans Administration also adopted a
slightly modified version of Medical 203.
.^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised 3rd Edition.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 9th revision.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, 3rd edition, revised .
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Generations of diversity: Latinos in the United States.- Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 2 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.surgeongeneral.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ It should be emphasized that if this Spanish language version is going to be used in a Spanish-speaking population in the United States, some changes may be required because of differences in dialects.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The magnitude of these delays was larger than has been observed in developed countries such as the United States.- Delay of First Treatment of Mental and Substance Use Disorders in Mexico -- Borges et al. 97 (9): 1638 -- American Journal of Public Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ajph.aphapublications.org [Source type: Academic]
In 1950 the APA committee undertook a review and
consultation.
.^ Fifty years of psychiatric nomenclature: Reflections on the 1943 War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203.
.^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Edition.- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision.- Integrated Treatment of Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance UseDisorders � Lecture Outline 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org [Source type: Academic]
^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[5]
.^ Provides a list of mental disorders .- Models of Mental Illness and Anxiety Disorders 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC web.jjay.cuny.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders .- bol.com|Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, American Psychiatric Association| Engelse boeken 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.bol.com [Source type: General]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders .- WHO | Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.who.int [Source type: Academic]
- TOPCAT 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC topcat.switchinc.org [Source type: Academic]
[6]
DSM-II
(1968)
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision.- Integrated Treatment of Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance UseDisorders � Lecture Outline 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The strength of the association between common mental disorders and opioid use was similar for this group confirming more long-term opioid use but was somewhat larger.- Arch Intern Med -- Association Between Mental Health Disorders, Problem Drug Use, and Regular Prescription Opioid Use, October 23, 2006, Sullivan et al. 166 (19): 2087 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archinte.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
It was quite similar to the DSM-I. The term “reaction” was
dropped but the term “
neurosis” was retained.
.^ The CIDI version 1.1 has 2 diagnostic programs to compute diagnoses according to the criteria and definitions of both DSM-III-R and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision .- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Psychiatric classification systems like DSM-IV and ICD-10 are based on the presence/absence of diagnostic criteria.- Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health | Full text | General practitioners' self-perceived ability to recognize severity of common mental disorders: an underestimated factor in case identification? 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.cpementalhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ FULL TEXT The classification of mental disorder: a simpler system for DSM-V and ICD-11 Goldberg Adv.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ The American Psychiatric Association (APA) specifies the symptoms and criteria for PSTD in its Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders : .- Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - HealthyPlace 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.healthyplace.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ An individual does not meet the criteria for any specific Bipolar Disorder, but has similar symptoms.
^ Mixed Anxiety Depression is characterized by a combination of dysphoric symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals who fail to meet syndromal criteria for any specific anxiety disorder or depressive disorder (20).- The DSM-IV Classification and Psychopharmacology 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.acnp.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ On the distinction between attentional deficits/hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychopathology.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Usually some screening questionnaires for sleep problems and for psychopathology are also given, such as the MMPI, Beck depression and anxiety scales, HCL90.
^ The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders.- Anxiety Disorders : Future Directions for Research and Treatment - Mental Health - Public Health Agency of Canada 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.phac-aspc.gc.ca [Source type: Academic]
.^ The concept of mental disorder: On the boundary between biological facts and social values.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
[8]
.^ Other studies, though, have shown that this association is no longer significant after accounting for a broad range of comorbid disorders [22] – [24] .- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Although further understanding of the etiology of a learning disorder such as written expression disorder is relevant to determining the best interventions, current educational practices may be slow to adopt new research findings.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Future surveys of trends in the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders need to include data on treatment processes, such as those in the NCS-R, to permit changes in the quality of treatment to be tracked.- NEJM -- Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC content.nejm.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Develop and reflect here your knowledge of developmental milestones and transitions, personality and adaptation, the human and family life cycle, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, oppression, and models of social functioning to describe the forces, issues, and momentum of the client's life leading to the presenting issue.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (3rd ed., rev. (DSM-III-R) diagnosis of conduct disorder assumes that all children who engage in three or more criterion antisocial behaviors for 6 months or more suffer from a mental disorder.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
DSM-III
(1980)
In 1974, the decision to create a new revision of the DSM was
made, and
Robert Spitzer was
selected as chairman of the task force.
.^ Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ A second generation of cross-national psychiatric surveys was carried out in the 1990s 17 - 24 using a more elaborate interview, the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Abbreviations: CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; PARP, population attributable risk proportion; PTSD, posttraumatic stress; WMH, WHO World Mental Health .- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
The revision took on a far wider mandate under the influence and
control of Spitzer and his chosen committee members.
[10] .^ FULL TEXT Validity of a short clinical interview for psychiatric diagnosis: the mini-SCAN Nienhuis et al.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ We should consider the possibility that meeting criteria for these DSM-III-R diagnoses in a population study, without consideration of severity of disorders or of related functional impairments, need not indicate the presence of a complete, clinically relevant psychiatric syndrome.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In future research we therefore plan to make more detailed analysis of patterns of co-occurrence between symptoms to address subthreshold manifestations of different psychiatric syndromes.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Clinical Depression Managing the Mental Health Practice As an experienced mental health practice manager, I have noticed distinct differences between medical and mental health offices.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
The criteria adopted for many of the mental disorders were taken
from the
Research Diagnostic
Criteria (RDC) and
Feighner Criteria, which had just
been developed by a group of research-orientated psychiatrists
based primarily at
Washington University in
St. Louis and the
New York State
Psychiatric Institute.
.^ On the other hand, population studies may not be the best tool for studying less common disorders, as the number of respondents meeting criteria for other diagnoses is too small to enable reliable and valid results.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ A second strategy involves selecting persons with a target disorder without regard for other disorders for which they might meet criteria.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure of Common Mental Disorders, October 1999, Krueger 56 (10): 921 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The first strategy limits the investigation to those persons who meet the criteria for a specific disorder but not the criteria for any other mental disorder.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure of Common Mental Disorders, October 1999, Krueger 56 (10): 921 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Substance abuse is a pattern of substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress, reflected by one or more of the following: .- The Nature of Substance Use Disorders 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.childwelfare.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ It might be considered a weakness that we based our diagnoses of MDE and GAD on questionnaires rather than on structured psychiatric interviews that could have improved the diagnostic reliability.- Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health | Full text | General practitioners' self-perceived ability to recognize severity of common mental disorders: an underestimated factor in case identification? 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.cpementalhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Referral to an appropriate facility should be based on practical clinical criteria rather than on diagnosis alone.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
The
psychodynamic or
physiologic view was
abandoned, in favor of a
regulatory or
legislative model.
.^ Results underline the argument for focusing on core psychopathological processes rather than on their manifestation as distinguished disorders in future population studies on common mental disorders.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Referral to an appropriate facility should be based on practical clinical criteria rather than on diagnosis alone.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ In the current study, the presence of multiple disorders (i.e., “multimorbidity” [46] ) yielded ORs several times higher than that for any individual disorder in the prediction of suicide attempts.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
Spitzer argued, “mental disorders are a subset of medical
disorders” but the task force decided on the DSM statement: “Each
of the mental disorders is conceptualized as a clinically
significant behavioral or psychological syndrome.”
[7].^ Nine common DSM-III-R diagnoses were assessed twice with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview with a time lapse of 1 year.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ For most of the major mental illnesses, the DSM-IV draft includes the alternative of a substance-induced disorder within that diagnosis.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ The first such studies have appeared only within the past 10 years, with the pace of progress accelerating steadily since that time.- Geminus Corporation - Bipolar Disorder - Bipolar Disorder Research at the National Institute of Mental Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.geminus.org [Source type: Academic]
- Bipolar Disorder Research at the National Institute of Mental Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.depressiontreatmentweb.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ This was striking in light of research documenting that mental disorders have greater effects on role functioning than many serious chronic physical illnesses.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ However, because mental disorders are highly comorbid [20] , it is possible that many of the observed associations are due to the true effects of only a small number of disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[12] .^ National Institute of Mental Health (1993).- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The information provided on this site is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient, site visitor, or student and his/her existing psychologist, mental health provider or college instructor.- Alphabetical Index of all Psychiatric Disorders at ALLPSYCH Online 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC allpsych.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Role of the Sponsors: The US WMH survey is funded under a collaborative agreement between the National Institute of Mental Health and Harvard Medical School.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
A controversy emerged
regarding deletion of the concept of neurosis, a mainstream of
psychoanalytic theory and therapy but seen as vague and
unscientific by the DSM task force.
.^ Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Some children and adults with disorder of written expression have benefited from computer programs that translate their spoken words to text.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
Additionally, the diagnosis of
ego-dystonic
homosexuality replaced the DSM-II category of "sexual
orientation disturbance".
.^ Nine common DSM-III-R diagnoses were assessed twice with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview with a time lapse of 1 year.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The diagnostic evaluation can include the clinical application of the DSM-III-R (or DSM-IV), perhaps in the form of the Structured Clinical Interview from DSM-III-R (SCID).- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ The CIDI version 1.1 has 2 diagnostic programs to compute diagnoses according to the criteria and definitions of both DSM-III-R and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision .- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
It rapidly came into widespread
international use by multiple stakeholders and has been termed a
revolution or transformation in psychiatry.
[7][8].
DSM-III-R
(1987)
.^ [Medline] Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB. The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID).- Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients -- Diez-Quevedo et al. 63 (4): 679 -- Psychosomatic Medicine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.psychosomaticmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ DSM-III-R. See American Psychiatric Association (1987).- Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 2 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.surgeongeneral.gov [Source type: Academic]
Categories were renamed,
reorganized, and significant changes in criteria were made. Six
categories were deleted while others were added.
.^ The differential diagnoses between the various personality disorders are blurred.- Narcissistic Personality Disorder And Other Mental Health Disorders (Co-Morbidity and Dual Diagnosis) - narcissisticabuse | Google Groups 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC groups.google.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In addition, one considers post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatoform disorders, various adjustment disorders and personality disorders.
^ Asperger's Disorder is often misdiagnosed as Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) , though evident as early as age 3 (while pathological narcissism cannot be safely diagnosed prior to early adolescence).- Narcissistic Personality Disorder And Other Mental Health Disorders (Co-Morbidity and Dual Diagnosis) - narcissisticabuse | Google Groups 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC groups.google.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Grief reaction Brain tumor (especially if associated with vision or coordination impairment) Communication disorder (Not otherwise specified) Oppositional defiant disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder .- Anxiety Disorder, Separation Anxiety and School Refusal: Differential Diagnoses & Workup - eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Emotional Distress How to Successfully Parent an ADD Child I have a daughter with Inattentive ADD. Did you notice that I did not say ADHD? There is a difference; a large one if you are the parent.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ A. A marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
[7][13]
.^ Nine common DSM-III-R diagnoses were assessed twice with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview with a time lapse of 1 year.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The CIDI version 1.1 has 2 diagnostic programs to compute diagnoses according to the criteria and definitions of both DSM-III-R and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision .- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Sanderson WC, DiNardo PA, Rapee RM, Barlow DH. Syndrome comorbidity in patients diagnosed with a DSM-III-R anxiety disorder.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
DSM-IV
(1994)
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ For sales information, see the American Psychiatric Press web page on the DSM-IV Library or call (800) 368-5777.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes, Alphabetical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The discrepancy needed to diagnose a learning disorder is defined by DSM-IV criteria as achievement that is substantially below intellect.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ But the very fact that the APA has produced a task force to decide whether bitterness, apathy, extreme shopping, and overuse of the Internet belong in the manual indicates, as Allen Frances, who chaired the DSM-IV task force, told Psychiatric News last month, that DSM-V is "headed in a very wrong direction."- The diagnostic madness of DSM-V. - By Christopher Lane - Slate Magazine 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.slate.com [Source type: General]
^ Allen Frances, Chair of the DSM-IV American Psychiatric Association Task Force , recently acknowledged (Spiegel 2005) that the desired reliability has not been obtained.- The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.pdm1.org [Source type: Academic]
^ He currently serves as vice chair of the task force to develop the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition.- Primary Psychiatry: In Session with Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH: The Developmental Process for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.primarypsychiatry.com [Source type: Academic]
A steering
committee of 27 people was introduced, including four
psychologists.
.^ It is important to determine when to deal with the family as a group to resolve conflicts and when members need to work with a therapist alone to develop independence from dysfunctional reliance.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
Each work group had approximately 20 advisers. The
work groups conducted a three step process. First, each group
conducted an extensive literature review of their diagnoses. Then
they requested data from researchers, conducting analyses to
determine which criteria required change, with instructions to be
conservative. Finally, they conducted multicenter field trials
relating diagnoses to clinical practice.
[14][15] .^ D. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Hypomanic episodes are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to require hospitalization.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Manic episodes, often having a rapid onset and symptom progression over a few days, generally impair occupational or social functioning, and may require hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the illness begins before or soon after puberty, it is often characterized by a continuous, rapid-cycling, irritable, and mixed symptom state that may co-occur with disruptive behavior disorders, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or conduct disorder (CD), or may have features of these disorders as initial symptoms.
^ FULL TEXT Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis Simon et al.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
DSM-IV-TR
(2000)
.^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision.- Integrated Treatment of Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance UseDisorders � Lecture Outline 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The discrepancy needed to diagnose a learning disorder is defined by DSM-IV criteria as achievement that is substantially below intellect.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Psychology Diagnosis and DSM-IV This article discusses the modern classification system for psychological disorders, DSM-IV. By Mojo21 | Published 9/15/2008 More topics: Dsm Iv .- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
[16] The
text sections giving extra information on each diagnosis were
updated, as were some of the diagnostic codes in order to maintain
consistency with the ICD.
DSM-IV-TR - The Current
Version
DSM-IV-TR, the current DSM edition
Categorization
.^ The five axes of DSM-IV classification are: .- Holy Book of the Psychiatric World | Brain Blogger 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC brainblogger.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You can see that mental disorders have been categorized in the DSM-IV (Ref.2), which is the standard classification system that psychiatrists and psychologists use, into five major categories.- Mental Illness, Mental Disorders - WebHealth 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC webhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Will the DSM-V have a different kind of classification system than the categorical approach in the current edition of the manual?- Primary Psychiatry: In Session with Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH: The Developmental Process for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.primarypsychiatry.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ Approximately 85 percent of patients with the disorder experience academic and occupational difficulties caused by their inability to meet the social demands of securing and maintaining employment or relationships.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The disorder increases a patient's lifetime risk of depression approximately fourfold.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ As far as I know, the complete DSM-IV isn't available on the web, but you may be able to find it in a library, or you can just buy your own.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Some general screening devices for mental disorders (e.g., the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Screen [SCID-Screen]) include questions related to social phobia but are quite lengthy, requiring up to 25 minutes to complete; others do not screen for social phobia (e.g., the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders [Prime-MD]).- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
[17]
.^ When used in low doses on an as-needed basis, beta blockers appear to be a clinically effective treatment for mild to moderate circumscribed performance anxiety.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In patients with mild to moderate depression, psychosocial therapies may be used alone for a limited period, or they may be used in conjunction with antidepressant medication.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ WMH-CIDI/ DSM-IV disorders were classified as serious, moderate, or mild.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The symptoms must result in significant impairment of social, occupational or school functioning.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ B. Symptoms interfere with social, occupational, sexual or school functioning.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ The UK National Health Service provides information about suicide , including statistics about suicide in the UK and links to other resources .- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In adjusted models, respondents with a mental health disorder in 1998 were twice as likely to use prescribed opioids in 2001.- Arch Intern Med -- Association Between Mental Health Disorders, Problem Drug Use, and Regular Prescription Opioid Use, October 23, 2006, Sullivan et al. 166 (19): 2087 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archinte.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Mental Nearly $24 Million Awarded to Substance Abuse Treatment The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) awarded nearly $24 million in grants to expand and/or enhance substance abuse treatment.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
Multi-axial
system
The DSM-IV organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into
five levels (axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or
disability:
- Axis I: Clinical disorders, including
major mental disorders, and learning disorders
- Axis II: Personality disorders and
mental retardation (although developmental disorders, such as
Autism, were coded on Axis II in the previous edition, these
disorders are now included on Axis I)
- Axis III: Acute medical conditions
and physical disorders
- Axis IV: Psychosocial and
environmental factors contributing to the disorder
- Axis V: Global Assessment of
Functioning or Children's Global
Assessment Scale for children and teens under the age of
18
.^ Bipolar disorder , which is depression with episodes of mania .- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The depressive episodes of people with bipolar disorder are often indistinguishable from those of patients with unipolar major depressive disorder.
^ Although bipolar disorder is equally common in women and men, research indicates that approximately three times as many women as men experience rapid cycling.
.^ For most of the major mental illnesses, the DSM-IV draft includes the alternative of a substance-induced disorder within that diagnosis.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ The National Alliance on Mental Illness is a national self-help and family advocacy organization dedicated solely to improving the lives of people with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (manic depression), major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder.- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As a first step toward doing so, we found that mental disorders are differentially associated with suicidal behavior depending on which part of the pathway to suicide was being predicted.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Other symptoms may include: .- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Krueger RF, Caspi A, Moffit TE, Silva PA. The structure and stability of common mental disorders ( DSM-III-R ): a longitudinal-epidemiological study.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Patients who have difficulty engaging in Alcoholics Anonymous and other support groups and who do not exhibit evidence of a personality disorder may be depressed.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
Cautions
.^ The clinical interview using DSM-IV (Volume 1: Fundamentals).- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ As far as I know, the complete DSM-IV isn't available on the web, but you may be able to find it in a library, or you can just buy your own.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes, Alphabetical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The diagnostic evaluation can include the clinical application of the DSM-III-R (or DSM-IV), perhaps in the form of the Structured Clinical Interview from DSM-III-R (SCID).- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Pediatricians should consider using screening and diagnostic tools specific for ASD. Such tools should be ethnoculturally and linguistically appropriate.- The Pediatrician's Role in the Diagnosis and Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children -- Committee on Children With Disabilities 107 (5): 1221 -- AAP Policy 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC aappolicy.aappublications.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Lifetime mental disorders were assessed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0, a fully structured diagnostic interview administered by trained lay interviewers [33] .- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Although the same diagnostic criteria are used for both genders, the presentation and course of depression are sometimes different in women (Table 3) .- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
[18]
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Only about half those who received treatment had disorders that met diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder.- NEJM -- Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC content.nejm.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Professional counseling is an important part of treatment for borderline personality disorder .- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Note: This page provided as a service to Club DSM Members for informational purposes only - no endorsement should be implied.- Club DSM Vendors Page 12 October 2009 10:59 UTC www.dsm.org [Source type: General]
^ Untreated depression may also affect mother-child bonding and may be a cause of chronic depression and treatment resistance.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Mental health services (eg, counseling or treatment of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, OCD) may be required in addition to special academic services.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ Also, both ethnic and cultural backgrounds may alter a person's experience of both AOD and psychiatric conditions.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ But if it continues, your doctor may consider another condition, such as schizophrenia .- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Medications, including reserpine and other medications that treat hypertension and hypotension, can cause conditions that may be confused with psychiatric or AOD disorders.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
Sourcebooks
.^ DSM-IV Antisocial personality disorder field trial.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of substance intoxication or withdrawal, and the symptoms in criterion A developed during, or within a month of, significant substance intoxication or withdrawal.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[19][20][21][22] .^ For sales information, see the American Psychiatric Press web page on the DSM-IV Library or call (800) 368-5777.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Classification trees distinguish suicide attempters in major psychiatric disorders: a model of clinical decision making.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Toward an empirical classification for the DSM-IV. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100 (3), 280-288.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
[23][24]
Criticism
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ DSM-IV Antisocial personality disorder field trial.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
Validity and reliability
.^ The DSM-IV draft describes diagnostic criteria for mood disorder due to a general medical condition.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ The diagnostic criteria for major depression, as established in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), are the same for women and men (Table 2).- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The CIDI version 1.1 has 2 diagnostic programs to compute diagnoses according to the criteria and definitions of both DSM-III-R and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision .- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
[25][26][27]
Although increasingly standardized, critics argue that the DSM's
claim of an empirical foundation is overstated.
[23]
.^ They may also be caused by withdrawal from depressants such as alcohol and by medical disorders such as AIDS and thyroid problems.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ A possible relationship between depression and medications such as birth control pills or agents used in hormone replacement therapy must also be explored.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In patients with mild to moderate depression, psychosocial therapies may be used alone for a limited period, or they may be used in conjunction with antidepressant medication.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ The clinical reappraisal study did not assess the concordance between survey measures of comorbidity and assessments of comorbidity in the clinical follow-up interviews.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Pediatricians should consider using screening and diagnostic tools specific for ASD. Such tools should be ethnoculturally and linguistically appropriate.- The Pediatrician's Role in the Diagnosis and Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children -- Committee on Children With Disabilities 107 (5): 1221 -- AAP Policy 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC aappolicy.aappublications.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Unfortunately, the severely depressed person may drop out of treatment or even commit suicide while the clinician is trying to sort things out (see section on "Assessing Danger to Self or Others."- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ When your entry is prompted by readings, react critically and relate the readings to other points of view that include your own experience.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Although current FDA guidelines are that hypnotics be prescribed only for short-term use, in practice, they are often prescribed for many months or years.
^ Decisions about diagnosis and treatment would be quite different if two of his psychiatric admissions were 4 to 6 weeks long with clearly defined manic and psychotic symptoms continuing throughout the course, despite aggressive use of psychiatric treatment and medication.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Risk of chronic overuse suggests that these drugs should be used only intermittently until the patient's confidence in performance situations is restored.- Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder - November 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
This line of
criticism has also appeared in non-specialist venues.
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The discrepancy needed to diagnose a learning disorder is defined by DSM-IV criteria as achievement that is substantially below intellect.- Learning Disorder, Written Expression: eMedicine Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC emedicine.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ For sales information, see the American Psychiatric Press web page on the DSM-IV Library or call (800) 368-5777.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The diagnostic criteria for all mental disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV).2 .- Geminus Corporation - Bipolar Disorder - Bipolar Disorder Research at the National Institute of Mental Health 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.geminus.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The diagnostic criteria for all mental disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition ( DSM-IV ).
[28]
Symptomatological bias
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The information provided on this site is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient, site visitor, or student and his/her existing psychologist, mental health provider or college instructor.- Alphabetical Index of all Psychiatric Disorders at ALLPSYCH Online 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC allpsych.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
As such, it has been compared
to a naturalist’s field guide to birds, with similar advantages and
disadvantages.
[29] .^ However, after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity, only disorders characterized by anxiety and poor impulse-control predict which people with suicide ideation act on such thoughts.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ EPIDEMIOLOGICAL studies on DSM-III-R diagnoses in the general population have often revealed strikingly high levels of comorbidity; substantial proportions of respondents meet the criteria for more than 1 psychiatric disorder.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In addiction treatment populations, many psychiatric disorders are substance-induced disorders that are caused by AOD use.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Although this model may at first seem far-fetched, overall severity of maladjustment has been recognized by the DSM-III , DSM-III-R , and DSM-IV , but is recorded on the fifth axis as the Global Assessment of Functioning score (as opposed to being offered as an account of comorbidity among Axis I disorders).- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure of Common Mental Disorders, October 1999, Krueger 56 (10): 921 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Psychology Diagnosis and DSM-IV This article discusses the modern classification system for psychological disorders, DSM-IV. By Mojo21 | Published 9/15/2008 More topics: Dsm Iv .- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ According to the lower BIC, the restricted model is even preferable as it is more parsimonious.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ It appears to help no more than 5 to 10 percent of the insomniacs seen in our Sleep Disorders Center.
[30] .^ Psychology Diagnosis and DSM-IV This article discusses the modern classification system for psychological disorders, DSM-IV. By Mojo21 | Published 9/15/2008 More topics: Dsm Iv .- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ As noted above, though, the weighted part II sample is representative of the population and includes 100% of respondents with core DSM-IV disorders, which means that there is no loss in generality of results due to the focus on part II respondents.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between number of prior DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developing countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Multivariate survival models of associations between type/number of prior DSM-IV disorders and subsequent suicidal behavior—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[31][32][33]
Reductionist
bias
.^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ However, despite this wide variation, a meaningful association exists between disorder severity and probability of treatment in every survey.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ There are currently 3 viable classification systems for sleep disorders.
.^ Indeed, some patients, especially those with conditioned (psychophysiologic) insomnia, may sleep better in the laboratory than at home (26).
^ Evidence suggests that several genetic loci may be involved in the vulnerability to autism 1 ; some may be arising de novo.- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Maternal and Paternal Age and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders, April 2007, Croen et al. 161 (4): 334 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpedi.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Although pharmacotherapies for depression carry some risks, untreated depression may lead to significant problems.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
[34][35][36][37]
.^ This is known as a subadditive interaction; that is, a situation in which the effects of comorbid disorders are less than the sum of their individual effects due to the incremental predictive power of individual disorders decaying as the number of comorbid disorders increases.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Psychological Disorder The Effects of Autism on Change Blindness It has been shown through a variety of experiments that Autistic individuals are superior when it comes to visual search tasks.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ There are currently 3 viable classification systems for sleep disorders.
[38][39]
.^ A normalized surface measure at a standardized level of the mesencephalon correlated with clinical effects of STN stimulation on motor disability in PD. A smaller mesencephalon surface area was associated with a decreased clinical benefit of stimulation.- Neuroimaging and Deep Brain Stimulation -- Dormont et al. 31 (1): 15 -- American Journal of Neuroradiology 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.ajnr.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Because sleep needs vary from about 4 hours per night to about 9 hours per night among healthy individuals, insomnia cannot be diagnosed by the amount of sleep a person receives.
^ The symptoms must result in significant impairment of social, occupational or school functioning.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
[40]
.^ However, there are some difficulties in the interpretation of these findings.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
[41]
.^ A bipolar disorder is diagnosed upon evidence of one or more manic episodes, often in an individual with a history of one or more major depressive episodes.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ They include weekly to daily individual or group counseling, often in combination with additional treatment services such as detoxification, education, medical services, and specially focused groups.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
[42].
In addition, current diagnostic guidelines have been criticized as
having a fundamentally Euro-American outlook.
.^ Although current FDA guidelines are that hypnotics be prescribed only for short-term use, in practice, they are often prescribed for many months or years.
^ Not only does it point out the struggle of addiction within the Gay and Lesbian community, but it forms a sense of mindfulness to those individuals as individuals.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ Differences in maternal and paternal age and maternal educational level effects across ASD severity categories, although not significant, raise the possibility that the underlying biological and sociological risk profiles may differ according to ASD severity.- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Maternal and Paternal Age and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders, April 2007, Croen et al. 161 (4): 334 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpedi.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
[41]
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ For sales information, see the American Psychiatric Press web page on the DSM-IV Library or call (800) 368-5777.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[43]
.^ We begin by reviewing the status of earlier controversies about the mental disorder concept in the service of documenting the impressive progress of the field in conceptualizing disorder.- Mark Twain Meets DSM-III-R: Conduct Disorder, Development, and the Concept of Harmful Dysfunction - Cogprints 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC cogprints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ A strong dose-response relation was found between the number of mental disorders present and the odds of a subsequent suicide attempt, consistent with the results from several prior studies [19] , [24] , [26] , [27] .- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Krueger RF, Caspi A, Moffit TE, Silva PA. The structure and stability of common mental disorders ( DSM-III-R ): a longitudinal-epidemiological study.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study, June 2001, Vollebergh et al. 58 (6): 597 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
[44] Many
mainstream psychiatrists have also been dissatisfied with these new
culture-bound diagnoses, although not for the same reasons.
Robert Spitzer, a lead
architect of the DSM-III, has opined that the addition of cultural
formulations was an attempt to placate cultural critics, and that
they lack any scientific motivation or support.
.^ Discrepancies between the standardized parameter estimates in Figure 1 and those obtained using past-year diagnoses were minor, ranging from 0.00 to 0.07.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure of Common Mental Disorders, October 1999, Krueger 56 (10): 921 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In accordance with standard practice in psychiatric epidemiology, the diagnoses examined were made without the imposition of hierarchical exclusionary rules.- Arch Gen Psychiatry -- The Structure of Common Mental Disorders, October 1999, Krueger 56 (10): 921 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC archpsyc.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ A second generation of cross-national psychiatric surveys was carried out in the 1990s 17 - 24 using a more elaborate interview, the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Medical management of acute psychiatric symptoms is a treatment strategy during the acute phase regardless of long-term diagnostic results.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Mood disorder due to a general medical condition can be described as having 1) manic features, 2) depressive features, or 3) mixed features in which symptoms of both mania and depression are present and neither predominates.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
[41]
.^ The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ AOD-induced mood alterations can result from acute and chronic drug use as well as from drug withdrawal.- NCADI: Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC ncadi.samhsa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Knowing the nature of one's disorder and the impacts of certain medications helps in choosing the proper drug.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
[45] .^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ For sales information, see the American Psychiatric Press web page on the DSM-IV Library or call (800) 368-5777.- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes, Alphabetical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
[46] In
2008, then
American Psychiatric
Association President Steven Sharfstein released a statement in
which he conceded that psychiatrists had "allowed the
biopsychosocial model to become the bio-bio-bio model".
[47]
Political controversies
.^ Virginia Tech Shootings Sexual Sadism There is a time when fetishes can become more than just fantasy play.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
^ A related problem is that several disorders known to be associated with suicidal behavior were not examined in this study, such as nonaffective psychosis and personality disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Due to...- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes, Alphabetical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
- DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes/Numerical 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.dr-bob.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ The current study extends this finding to other diagnoses.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Compulsive Shopping Diagnosing Schizophrenia: The Five Symptoms & Other Requirements The Diagnostic Statistic Manual IV (DSM-IV) identifies five symptoms of schizophrenia.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
[48] .^ Metaanalysis of research on social work practice in mental health.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Mental disorders, medications, and clinical social work (2 nd ed.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Clinical social work practice in behavioral mental health (2 nd ed.- http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/HARK/Teaching.The%20Evaluation%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Mental%20Disorders.htm 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.boisestate.edu [Source type: Academic]
[50][51] .^ Depression During Pregnancy In the past, pregnancy was viewed as a period of well-being that made women feel biologically "complete" and that provided "protection" against psychiatric disorders.- Depression in Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations - July 1999- American Academy of Family Physicians 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.aafp.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The fact that many people with subthreshold disorders are treated while many with serious disorders are not shows that unmet need for treatment among serious cases is not merely a matter of limited treatment resources but that misallocation of treatment resources is also involved.- JAMA -- Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, June 2, 2004, The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium 291 (21): 2581 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC jama.ama-assn.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Many people who get treatment for borderline personality disorder do decrease destructive behaviors, often within the first year of treatment.- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Indeed, even
Robert Spitzer
(psychiatrist), a leading proponent of scientific impartiality
in the DSM, conceded that a significant reason that certain
diagnoses are not removed from the DSM is because "it would be a
public relations disaster for psychiatry".
[52]
DSM-V:
the next version
.^ DSM-IV mental disorders.- PLoS Medicine: Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.plosmedicine.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th ed., text rev., pp.- Health News and Information 19 January 2010 9:54 UTC www.billingsclinic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hypomania Big Pharma and the DSM The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is in the process of undergoing revision.- Dsm Iv - Associated Content - Topic - associatedcontent.com 24 September 2009 23:45 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]
It is due for publication
in May 2013.
[1
]
See also
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