• Liver damage occurs infrequently, and is usually reversible.^ Liver damage occurs infrequently, and is usually reversible.
  • Diclofenac encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .Hepatitis may occur rarely without any warning symptoms and may be fatal.^ Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur without prior symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation.
  • Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac - Peoples Rx - Austin's Favorite Pharmacy 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.peoplesrx.com [Source type: Academic]
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  ^ These serious events may occur without warning.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ This eMedTV article takes a closer look at these and other signs and symptoms that may occur in someone with diverticulitis.
  • Diclofenac Sodium Tablets - Dolobid and Weight Gain Articles 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .Patients with osteoarthritis more often develop symptomatic liver disease than patients with rheumatoid arthritis.^ Elevations in transaminases were seen more frequently in patients with osteoarthritis than in those with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Unlike aspirin-related elevations, which occur more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, these elevations were more frequently observed in patients with osteoarthritis (2.6%) than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (0.7%).
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric...
  • Diclofenac Sodium - Kosmix : Reference, Videos, Images, News, Shopping and more... 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC health.kosmix.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  .Liver function should be monitored regularly during long-term treatment.^ Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., kidney function, potassium blood level) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects.
  • Generic Voltaren 50mg, Generic Voltaren sr 75mg Tablets Online - at Discount Price 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.internationaldrugmart.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ In patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs, including Voltaren, the CBC and a chemistry profile (including transaminase levels) should be checked periodically.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Blood pressure (BP) should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .If used for the short term treatment of pain or fever, diclofenac has not been found to be more hepatotoxic than other NSAIDs.
• As of 12/2009 Endo, Novartis and FDA notified healthcare professionals to add new warnings and precautions about the potential for elevation in liver function tests during treatment with all products containing diclofenac sodium.^ Other forms of Diclofenac Sodium Oral .
  • Diclofenac Sodium Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.webmd.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Diclofenac Gel Diclofenac Gel is an NSAID, used to treat the symptoms of pain and inflammation.
  • Buy Voltaren Online :: Online Canadian Pharmacy 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC rxmeds4all.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ For the treatment of pain, diclofenac is often prescribed by healthcare providers.
  • Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^[14]
.
• Cases of drug-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported in the first month, but can occur at any time during treatment with diclofenac.^ In postmarketing reports, cases of drug-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported in the first month, and in some cases, the first 2 months of therapy, but can occur at any time during treatment with diclofenac.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ This side effect can occur without warning at any time during treatment with diclofenac.
  • Diclofenac Sodium Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.webmd.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ However, severe hepatic reactions can occur at any time during treatment with diclofenac.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .Postmarketing surveillance has reported cases of severe hepatic reactions, including liver necrosis, jaundice, fulminant hepatitis with and without jaundice, and liver failure.^ Rare cases of severe hepatic reactions (including necrosis, jaundice, fulminant hepatitis) have been reported.
  • Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac - Alternative Medicine Report 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.qualityhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice and fatal fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.
  • Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac Potassium (Tablet) | D2R Server publishing the Dailymed Dataset 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Fatal cases of fulminant hepatitis have been reported in the literature.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  .Some of these reported cases resulted in fatalities or liver transplantation.
• Physicians should measure transaminases periodically in patients receiving long-term therapy with diclofenac.^ Diclofenac-induced hepatitis may be a result of a hypersensitivity in some cases.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Physicians should measure transaminases periodically in patients receiving long-term therapy with diclofenac, because severe hepatotoxicity may develop without a prodrome of distinguishing symptoms.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Anemia may occur; patients on long-term NSAID therapy should be monitored for anemia.
  • Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  Based on clinical trial data and postmarketing experiences, transaminases should be monitored within 4 to 8 weeks after initiating treatment with diclofenac.

Renal

• Studies in Pakistan showed that diclofenac caused acute kidney failure in vultures when they ate the carcasses of animals that had recently been treated with it (see below at Ecological problems).^ The diclofenac patch is a prescription pain medicine used to treat acute pain caused by sprains and strains.
  • Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ One diclofenac-treated horse developed colic and responded to symptomatic treatment on day four of the study.
  • Medi-Vet - Surpass (1% diclofenac sodium) Topical Anti-Inflammatory Cream 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.medi-vet.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Kaposi's sarcoma Keloid Kidney failure - acute Kidney failure - end-stage Kidney transplantation Kwashiorkor Kawasaki disease Kidney dialysis Kidney failure - chronic Kidney stones Klinefelter's syndrome .
  • Health24 - Medical 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.health24.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  .Species and individual humans that are drug sensitive are initially assumed to lack genes expressing specific drug detoxification enzymes.
• NSAIDs "are associated with adverse renal [kidney] effects caused by the reduction in synthesis of renal prostaglandins"^[15] in sensitive persons or animal species, and potentially during long term use in non-sensitive persons if resistance to side effects decreases with age.^ Long-term NSAID use may result in renal papillary necrosis.
  • Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Arthrotec is a nonsteroidal drug (NSAID) used in .
  • ARTHROTEC(diclofenac sodiummisoprostol) tablets 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC indianrapunzels.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Renal impairment: NSAID use may compromise existing renal function; dose-dependent decreases in prostaglandin synthesis may result from NSAID use, reducing renal blood flow which may cause renal decompensation.
  • Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .Unfortunately this side effect can't be avoided merely by using a COX-2 selective inhibitor because, "Both isoforms of COX, COX-1 and COX-2, are expressed in the kidney...^ The most common side effects, despite the use of an enteric coated formulation, have included gastric upset or discomfort.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ The risk of these serious side effects may increase if you have heart disease and with longer use of this medication.
  • Diclofenac Sodium Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.webmd.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome when using Diclofenac Drops: .
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  .Consequently, the same precautions regarding renal risk that are followed for nonselective NSAIDs should be used when selective COX-2 inhibitors are administered."^ NSAID medicines should only be used: .
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ All NSAIDs, both COX-2 selective and nonselective, may have a similar risk.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ Caution should be used when NSAIDs are administered concomitantly with methotrexate.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^[15] .However, diclofenac appears to have a different mechanism of renal toxicity.^ No differences in the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac have been detected in studies of patients with renal impairment.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ In one case, diclofenac-induced thrombocytopenic purpura was accompanied by renal and hepatic toxicity.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^[9]

Other

.

• Bone marrow depression is noted infrequently (leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombopenia with/without purpura, aplastic anemia).^ Hematologic side effects have included anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, spontaneous bruising associated with increased bleeding times, purpura, agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Hemic and Lymphatic: Hemoglobin decrease, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, purpura, allergic purpura.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ Methotrexate: Severe bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, and GI toxicity have been reported with concomitant NSAID therapy.
  • Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac - Alternative Medicine Report 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.qualityhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .These conditions may be life-threatening and/or irreversible, if detected too late.^ If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take diclofenac.
  • Buy generic Voltaren (Diclofenac) online | Pain Medicine | Cheap Voltaren 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.bellspharmacy.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^ The pharmacological activity of Voltaren in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .All patients should be monitored closely.^ All affected patients (even when no active disease is present) should wear a Medical Alert bracelet or necklace.
  • Health24 - Medical - Head 2 Toe 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.health24.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ When NSAIDs are used in patients with hypertension, appropriate monitoring of blood pressure responses should be completed and the duration of therapy, when possible, kept short.
  • Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac - Peoples Rx - Austin's Favorite Pharmacy 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.peoplesrx.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac - Alternative Medicine Report 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.qualityhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  ^ During concomitant therapy with NSAIDs, the patient should be observed closely for signs of renal failure (see WARNINGS, Renal Effects), as well as to assure diuretic efficacy.
  • Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]
  
  .Diclofenac is a weak and reversible inhibitor of thrombocytic aggregation needed for normal coagulation.

• Induces warm antibody hemolytic anemia by inducing antibodies to Rh antigens, Ibuprofen also does this.^ Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia have been associated with the development of autoantibodies as well as drug- or metabolite-dependent antibodies, implicating a drug hypersensitivity.
  • Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  
  ^[16]

• Diclofenac may disrupt the normal menstrual cycle.

Ecological problems

.Use of diclofenac in animals has been reported to have led to a sharp decline in the vulture population in the Indian subcontinent, 95% decline in 2004, 99.9% decline as of 2008.^[17] The mechanism is probably renal failure, a known side-effect of diclofenac.^ A disproportionate amount of postoperative hemorrhage requiring operative intervention has been reported with the use of diclofenac when used for analgesia after adenotonsillectomy.

• Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ SURPASS topical cream is contraindicated in animals with known hypersensitivity to diclofenac.

• Medi-Vet - Surpass (1% diclofenac sodium) Topical Anti-Inflammatory Cream 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.medi-vet.com [Source type: Academic]

^ The most common side effects, despite the use of an enteric coated formulation, have included gastric upset or discomfort.

• Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Vultures eat the carcasses of livestock that have been administered veterinary diclofenac, and are poisoned by the accumulated chemical.^ Slender-billed vultures have declined dramatically in South Asia since the 1990s as farmers increased their use of a livestock drug that leaves toxic residues in carcasses.

• Diclofenac (generic), Voltaren, Cataflam News - Topix 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.topix.net [Source type: General]

At a meeting of the National Wildlife Board in March 2005, the Government of India announced that it intended to phase out the veterinary use of diclofenac.^[18] Meloxicam is a safer candidate to replace use of diclofenac.^[19] .It is more expensive than diclofenac, but the price is coming down as more drug companies begin to manufacture it.^ Diclofenac is more than 99% bound to human serum proteins, primarily to albumin.

• Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]

^ This eMedTV page describes diclofenac products in more detail and lists potential side effects of this drug.

• Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]

^ The diclofenac solution is rapidly absorbed from the gut, so this type of Voltarol tablet provides pain relief more quickly than the other types of tablet.

• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.netdoctor.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.tiscali.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[20]

."The loss of tens of millions of vultures over the last decade has had major ecological consequences across the Indian subcontinent that pose a potential threat to human health.^ I think the deterioration of the populations health in the last decade since gm has been introduced should be an indicator.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In many places, populations of feral dogs (Canis familiaris) have increased sharply from the disappearance of Gyps vultures as the main scavenger of wild and domestic ungulate carcasses. .Associated with the rise in dog numbers is an increased risk of rabies"^[19] and casualties of almost 50,000 people.^ Heart Failure: The use of NSAIDs in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure may be associated with an increased risk for fluid accumulation and edema.

• Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Studies have suggested that use of diclofenac may be associated with a small increase in the risk of heart attacks and stroke.

• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.netdoctor.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use.

• Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]

^[21] .The Government of India cites one of those major consequences as a vulture species extinction.^ One of the major articles discusses how human pathogens make themselves at home on plants, crossing the so-called species barrier.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[18] .A major shift in transfer of corpse pathogens from vultures to feral dogs and rats can lead to a disease pandemic causing millions of deaths in a crowded country like India.^ Voltaren, like other NSAIDs, may cause serious CV side effects, such as MI or stroke, which may result in hospitalization and even death.

• Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]

.The loss of vultures has had a social impact on the Indian Zoroastrian Parsi community, who traditionally use vultures to dispose of human corpses in Towers of Silence, but are now compelled to seek alternate methods of disposal.^ The heros of our day will be those men and women who stepped up and voiced their and their childrens' refusal to be used as human guinea pigs.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[19]

.Diclofenac has been shown also to harm freshwater fish species such as rainbow trout.^ Indigestion remedies such as antacids should not be taken at the same time as enteric-coated diclofenac tablets, as they will stop the special coating from working.

• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.netdoctor.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^{[22][23][24][25]}

Formulations

Enteric Coated Diclofenac Sodium tablets by Dexcel-Pharma Ltd.

.Flector Patch is a minimally systemic topical patch formulation of diclofenac.^ Net sales of FLECTOR ® PATCH (diclofenac epolamine topical patch) 1.3% totaled $40 million during the third quarter of 2009.

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.It is indicated for acute pain due to minor sprains, strains, and contusions.^ Topical patch: Acute pain due to minor strains, sprains, and contusions .

• Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]

^ The diclofenac patch is a prescription pain medicine used to treat acute pain caused by sprains and strains.

• Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Painful conditions due to accidents, such as sprains , strains, dislocations, fractures.

• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.netdoctor.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The patch has been approved in many other countries outside the U.S.A under different brand names.^ Diclofenac (marketed as Voltaren and under a number of other trade names, see below) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug...

• Diclofenac, Diclofenac Manufacturers & Suppliers 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.alibaba.com [Source type: General]

^ The FDA approved Vioxx and other drugs that have killed many thousands of people taking them just as the doctor ordered.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Voltaren and Voltarol contain the sodium salt of diclofenac.^ Voltaren ® (diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablets), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models.

• Voltaren Tablets (Novartis), Drug Reference Encyclopedia 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.theodora.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Voltaren diclofenac sodium tablet, delayed release .

• Voltaren Official FDA information, side effects and uses. 18 September 2009 9:58 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Onset of action: Cataflam® is more rapid than sodium salt (Voltaren®) because it dissolves in the stomach instead of the duodenum .

• Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
• Diclofenac - Alternative Medicine Report 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.qualityhealth.com [Source type: Academic]
• Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]

.In the United Kingdom Voltarol can be supplied with either the sodium salt or potassium salt, while Cataflam in some other countries is the potassium salt only.^ Only recently did some countries decide to force food manufacturers to properly label trans fats content of foods.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Onset of action: Cataflam® is more rapid than sodium salt (Voltaren®) because it dissolves in the stomach instead of the duodenum .

• Diclofenac 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.umm.edu [Source type: Academic]
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• Diclofenac: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.merck.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Some groups are trying to improve tolerance of crops to salt, heat or cold, or make their growth and maturation go faster by importing genes from other food crops.

• Blog. Genetically Modified Foods Debate 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.genengnews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Diclofenac is available in stomach acid resistant formulations (25 and 50 mg), fast disintegrating oral formulations (25 and 50 mg), slow- and controlled-release forms (75, 100 or 150 mg), suppositories (50 and 100 mg), and injectable forms (50 and 75 mg).^ Diclofenac 75 mg .

• Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Diclofenac 100 mg .

• Diagnosing Hemorrhoids - Diclofenac Sodium Side Effects Articles 15 September 2009 7:45 UTC www.emedtv.com [Source type: Academic]

^ Aseptic meningitis was reported in a 42-year-old female following two weeks of therapy with diclofenac 50 mg three times a day.

• Diclofenac Side Effects | Drugs.com 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.drugs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Diclofenac is also available over the counter (OTC) in some countries: 12.5 mg diclofenac as potassium salt in Switzerland, Germany ("Voltaren dolo"), United Kingdom (since October 2008 as "Voltarol Pain-eze"), and preparations containing 25 mg diclofenac as the potassium salt in New Zealand, Australia, Japan, (Voltaren Rapid, and Sweden (Voltaren T and Diclofenac T).^ Voltarol pain-eze emulgel .

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^ Voltarol pain-eze tablets .

• Voltarol tablets (diclofenac) 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.netdoctor.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ I received no relief from ibuprofen, but within two days of starting the diclofenac/voltaren I was no longer in pain.

• Plse help me find the english name for a muscle relaxer from France | Europe Forum | Fodor's Travel Talk Forums 19 January 2010 18:018 UTC www.fodors.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Trade names

Trade names include:

anuva Abitren Arthrotec (combination with misoprostol) Betaren Cataflam Clofast Dedolor Deflamat Deflox Diclac Diclofenacum Dicloflex Diclogem Diclohexal Diclomax Diclon Diclopar (Tanzania) Difen Difene Dyloject Feloran Flector patch Modifenac Morbidic (India)

Motifene Naklofen Olfen Panamor Pennsaid Rhumalgan Sandoz Solaraze Topac Uno Vetagesic Voltaren Voltarol Voltfast Votral (Pakistan) Votrex Vostar Votalin (China) Voveran Zipsor Zolterol

References

1. ^ http://www.novartis.com/about-novartis/company-history/index.shtml
2. ^ http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1434053
3. ^ Salmann, AR (1986) The history of diclofenac. Am. J. Med. 80(4B):29-33
4. ^ "Data Sheet: Voltaren Rapid 25". Information for Health Professionals. Medsafe - New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority. 2007-07-10. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/v/voltarenrapidtab.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-17. 
5. ^ Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M, Amaral L (2000). "The anti-bacterial action of diclofenac shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis". Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 14 (3): 249–51. doi:10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00159-4. 
6. ^ Mazumdar K, Dutta NK, Dastidar SG, Motohashi N, Shirataki Y (2006). "Diclofenac in the management of E. coli urinary tract infections". In Vivo 20 (5): 613–619. PMID 17091768. 
7. ^ Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M, Amaral L. (2007). "Potential management of resistant microbial infections with a novel non-antibiotic: the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium". Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 30 (3): 242–249. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.018. 
8. ^ Dutta NK, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Park JH (2007). "Activity of diclofenac used alone and in combination with streptomycin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice". Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 30 (4): 336–340. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.016. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Naidoo V, Swan GE (August 2008). "Diclofenac toxicity in Gyps vulture is associated with decreased uric acid excretion and not renal portal vasoconstriction". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 149: 269. doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.014. PMID 18727958. 
10. ^ Kearney P, Baigent C, Godwin J, Halls H, Emberson J, Patrono C (2006). "Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials". BMJ 332 (7553): 1302–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7553.1302. PMID 16740558. 
11. ^ Solomon D, Avorn J, Stürmer T, Glynn R, Mogun H, Schneeweiss S (2006). "Cardiovascular outcomes in new users of coxibs and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: high-risk subgroups and time course of risk". Arthritis Rheum 54 (5): 1378–89. doi:10.1002/art.21887. PMID 16645966. 
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14. ^ http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm193047.htm
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18. ^ ^{a b} Press Information Bureau, Government of India (2005-05-16). "Saving the Vultures from Extinction". Press release. http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=9303. Retrieved 2006-05-12. 
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20. ^ Gill, V. New drug threat to Asian vultures BBC News December 9, 2009.
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dyclo

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) products (primarily M01A and M02A, also N02BA) Salicylates Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) · Aloxiprin · Benorylate · Diflunisal · Ethenzamide · Magnesium salicylate · Methyl salicylate · Salsalate · Salicin · Salicylamide · Sodium salicylate Arylalkanoic acids Diclofenac · Aceclofenac · Acemetacin · Alclofenac · Bromfenac · Etodolac · Indometacin · Indometacin farnesil · Nabumetone · Oxametacin · Proglumetacin · Sulindac · Tolmetin 2-Arylpropionic acids (profens) Ibuprofen · Alminoprofen · Benoxaprofen · Carprofen · Dexibuprofen · Dexketoprofen · Fenbufen · Fenoprofen · Flunoxaprofen · Flurbiprofen · Ibuproxam · Indoprofen† · Ketoprofen · Ketorolac · Loxoprofen · Miroprofen · Naproxen · Oxaprozin · Pirprofen · Suprofen · Tarenflurbil · Tiaprofenic acid N-Arylanthranilic acids (fenamic acids) Mefenamic acid · Flufenamic acid · Meclofenamic acid · Tolfenamic acid Pyrazolidine derivatives Phenylbutazone · Ampyrone · Azapropazone · Clofezone · Kebuzone · Metamizole · Mofebutazone · Oxyphenbutazone · Phenazone · Sulfinpyrazone Oxicams Piroxicam · Droxicam · Lornoxicam · Meloxicam · Tenoxicam · Ampiroxicam COX-2 inhibitors Celecoxib · Deracoxib‡ · Etoricoxib · Firocoxib‡ · Lumiracoxib† · Parecoxib · Rofecoxib† · Valdecoxib† Sulfonanilides Nimesulide Topically used products Bendazac · Diclofenac · Etofenamate · Felbinac · Flurbiprofen · Ibuprofen · Indometacin · Ketoprofen · Naproxen · Piroxicam · Suprofen COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donators Naproxcinod Others Fluproquazone Items listed in bold indicate initially developed compounds of specific groups. †Withdrawn drugs. ‡Veterinary use medications.

Anti-inflammatory products (M01A) Pyrazolidine/Butylpyrazolidines Ampyrone · Clofezone · Kebuzone · Metamizole · Mofebutazone · Oxyphenbutazone Phenazone · Phenylbutazone · Sulfinpyrazone · Feprazone · Acetic acid derivatives and related substances Aceclofenac · Acemetacin · Alclofenac · Bromfenac · Bumadizone · Bufexamac · Diclofenac · Difenpiramide · Etodolac · Fentiazac · Indometacin · Ketorolac · Lonazolac · Oxametacin · Proglumetacin · Sulindac · Tolmetin · Zomepirac Oxicams Ampiroxicam · Droxicam · Lornoxicam · Meloxicam · Piroxicam · Tenoxicam Propionic acid derivatives Alminoprofen · Benoxaprofen · Dexibuprofen · Dexketoprofen · Fenbufen · Fenoprofen · Flunoxaprofen · Flurbiprofen · Ibuprofen · Ibuproxam · Indoprofen · Ketoprofen · Naproxen · Oxaprozin · Pirprofen · Suprofen · Tiaprofenic acid Fenamates Flufenamic acid · Meclofenamic acid · Mefenamic acid · Tolfenamic acid · Niflumic acid · Morniflumate · Azapropazone · Coxibs Celecoxib · Etoricoxib · Lumiracoxib · Parecoxib · Rofecoxib · Valdecoxib Other Nabumetone · Glucosamine · Benzydamine · Glycosaminoglycan · Magnesium salicylate · Proquazone · Superoxide dismutase/Orgotein · Nimesulide · Diacerein · Tenidap · Oxaceprol · Chondroitin sulfate

Topical products for joint and muscular pain (M02) Anti-inflammatory preparations, non-steroids Butylpyrazolidines Phenylbutazone • Mofebutazone • Clofezone • Oxyphenbutazone Acetic acid derivatives Tolmetin • Diclofenac • Fentiazac Other Benzydamine • Etofenamate • Piroxicam • Felbinac • Bufexamac • Ketoprofen • Bendazac • Naproxen • Ibuprofen • Feprazone • Niflumic acid • Meclofenamic acid • Flurbiprofen • Suxibuzone • Indometacin • Nifenazone Capsaicin derivatives Zucapsaicin Other Tolazoline • Dimethyl sulfoxide

Analgesics (N02A, N02B) Opioids See also: Opioids template Opium & alkaloids thereof Codeine · Morphine · Opium · Laudanum · Paregoric Semi-synthetic opium derivatives Acetyldihydrocodeine · Benzylmorphine · Buprenorphine · Desomorphine · Dihydrocodeine · Dihydromorphine · Ethylmorphine · Diamorphine · Hydrocodone · Hydromorphinol · Hydromorphone · Nicocodeine · Nicodicodeine · Nicomorphine · Oxycodone · Oxymorphone Synthetic opioids Alphaprodine · Anileridine · Butorphanol · Dextromoramide · Dextropropoxyphene · Dezocine · Fentanyl · Ketobemidone · Levorphanol · Methadone · Meptazinol · Nalbuphine · Pentazocine · Propoxyphene · Propiram · Pethidine · Phenazocine · Piminodine · Piritramide · Tapentadol · Tilidine · Tramadol Pyrazolones Ampyrone/Aminophenazone · Metamizole · Phenazone · Propyphenazone Cannabinoids Ajulemic acid · AM404 · Cannabidiol · Cannabis · Nabilone · Nabiximols · Tetrahydrocannabinol Anilides Paracetamol (acetaminophen) · Phenacetin · Propacetamol Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories See also: NSAIDs template Propionic acid class Fenoprofen · Flurbiprofen · Ibuprofen · Ketoprofen · Naproxen · Oxaprozin Oxicam class Meloxicam · Piroxicam Acetic acid class Diclofenac · Indometacin · Ketorolac · Nabumetone · Sulindac · Tolmetin COX-2 inhibitors Celecoxib · Rofecoxib · Valdecoxib · Parecoxib · Lumiracoxib Anthranilic acid (fenamate) class Meclofenamate · Mefenamic acid Salicylates Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) · Benorylate · Diflunisal · Ethenzamide · Magnesium salicylate · Salicin · Salicylamide · Salsalate · Trisalate · Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate) Atypical, adjunct and potentiators, miscellaneous Befiradol · Bicifadine · Camphor · Clonidine · Cyclobenzaprine · Duloxetine · Esreboxetine · Flupirtine · Gabapentin · Glafenine · Hydroxyzine · Menthol · Nefopam · Orphenadrine · Pregabalin · Scopolamine · Tebanicline · Trazodone · Ziconotide

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Categories: Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields | Carboxylic acids | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | Organochlorides | Aromatic amines

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