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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the use of digital object identifiers on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Digital Object Identifier.
.A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity.^ A code used to identify objects that are unique within a given context.
  • Washington University Digital Gateway - Definitions 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC digital.wustl.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ PID: A persistent, unique identifier for the object.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ A digital object identifier ( DOI ) is a permanent identifier given to an electronic document .
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 .The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure.^ However, a publisher can change the URL corresponding to a DOI in the directory.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A PURL remains stable, while the document's background URL will change as it is managed (e.g.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]
  • Dublin Core User's Guide Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ On the web, the URL of a document doesn't change if the content changes.
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 .The DOI system also provides a mechanism for locating an up-to-date URL for a document from its DOI and for associating other forms of metadata with an object; thus, naming a document by its DOI provides a more stable mechanism than URLs for linking to online content.^ URL of an ad providing system.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ DOIs can be used in ways other than embedding in URLs.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A good object will have and be associated with metadata.
  • Creating a Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC outreach.lib.uic.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [1]
.The DOI System is implemented through a federation of DOI Registration Agencies coordinated by the International DOI Foundation,[2] which developed and controls the system.^ DOI Registration Agency, for his contributions .
  • Using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for Intranet Linking - IntranetsToday.com 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.intranetstoday.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ CNRI is continuing development on the DOI System.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The maintenance agency is the International DOI Foundation .
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 .The DOI System has been developed and implemented in a range of publishing applications since 2000; by late 2009 approximately 43 million DOI names had been assigned by some 4,000 organisations.^ CNRI is continuing development on the DOI System.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Such a change will require some changes in the DOI System implementation policy.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a non-profit organisation created in 1998, is the governance body of the DOI System, which safeguards all intellectual property rights relating to the DOI System.
  • Digital object identifier - Psychology Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 [3]

Contents

DOI names

.A DOI name takes the form of a character string divided into two parts: a prefix and a suffix.^ The DOI consists of a unique alphanumeric character string divided in two parts: a prefix and a suffix.
  • Digital object identifier - Psychology Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI consists of a unique alphanumeric character string divided into two parts: a prefix and a suffix .
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ It takes one of the following two forms: .
  • http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/profiles/collections.html 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 .The prefix identifies the registrant of the name, and the suffix is chosen by the registrant and identifies the specific object associated with that DOI. Most legal Unicode characters are allowed in these strings, which are interpreted in a case-insensitive manner.^ An identifier is associated with the digital object.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ DOI (10) and a part identifying the registrant (1000); 182 is the suffix, identifying the single object.
  • Digital object identifier - Psychology Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ If an identifier is associated with a concrete digital object (e.g.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]
.For example, in the DOI name 10.1000/182, the prefix is 10.1000 and the suffix is 182.^ The prefix in a DOI corresponds to the naming authority.
  • draft-paskin-doi-uri-04 - The "doi" URI Scheme for Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC tools.ietf.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The minimum constraints for validation of a DOI string are that the prefix and suffix components be non-empty.
  • draft-paskin-doi-uri-04 - The "doi" URI Scheme for Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC tools.ietf.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The current charge for a DOI prefix directly from the IDF is $1000.
  • Cover Pages: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC xml.coverpages.org [Source type: Academic]

 .All DOI names start with "10.", and the characters 1000 in the prefix identify the registrant; in this case the registrant is the International DOI Foundation itself.^ The maintenance agency is the International DOI Foundation .
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The prefix in a DOI corresponds to the naming authority.
  • draft-paskin-doi-uri-04 - The "doi" URI Scheme for Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC tools.ietf.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ But the DOI would still be 10.1000/9.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .182 is the suffix, or item ID, identifying a single object (in this case, the latest version of the DOI Handbook).^ Last update 10/02/2009 The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to journal articles that identifies content and location.
  • Digital Object Identifier :: UDM Libraries / Instructional Design Studio 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC research.udmercy.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Technorati Tags : APA Style , APA Style references , digital object identifiers , DOI .
  • APA Style Blog: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC blog.apastyle.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ How the DOI will reflect a work versus a version of a work, and how different versions of the same work will be identified (whether these are format differences or differences in content based on a chronology of development) have yet to be established.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Citations using DOI names should be printed as doi:10.1000/182.^ But the DOI would still be 10.1000/9.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]
  • Content Guidelines for the San Fernando Valley History Digital Library 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC digital-library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The DOI can be used to identify any of the various physical objects that are manifestations of intellectual property: for example, printed books, CD recordings, videotapes, journal articles.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 .When the citation is a hypertext link, it is recommended to embed the link as a URL by concatenating "http://dx.doi.org/" to the DOI name, omitting its "doi:" prefix; e.g., the DOI name doi:10.1000/182 is linked as http://dx.doi.org/10.1000/182. This URL provides the location of an HTTP proxy server which will redirect web accesses to the correct online location of the linked item.^ When the user clicks on that URL, the Web browser goes to dx.doi.org to access the DOI directory.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Read more about accessing full-text Links and Identifiers Permanent link to this document: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoap/1259158770 Digital Object Identifier: doi:10.1214/09-AAP607 .
  • Žitković: A dual characterization of self-generation and exponential forward performances 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC projecteuclid.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The concept of a universal document identifier was proposed by the “founder of the Web,” Tim Berners-Lee, back in 1992 and was expressed in 1994 as a uniform resource locator (URL).
  • Spotlight: “Permanent” digital object identifiers (DOI) label digital contents | InfoTech Tuesday 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC itnews.itac.k-state.edu [Source type: General]
.DOI names can identify pieces of intellectual property (such as texts, images, audio or video items, and software) in both electronic and physical forms, performances, and abstract works such as licenses, parties to a transaction, etc.^ DOI is a system for identifying and exchanging any entity of intellectual property.

 ^ Note that image may include both electronic and physical representations.
  • Content Guidelines for the San Fernando Valley History Digital Library 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC digital-library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It is a permanent, persistent identifier for electronic intellectual property.
  • The DOI is coming: tracking digital information - Digital Object Identifier, includes related article | Information Outlook | Find Articles at BNET 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC findarticles.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .They can be applied to objects at varying levels of granularity: DOI names can identify a journal, an individual issue of a journal, an individual article in the journal, or a single table in that article.^ Last update 10/02/2009 The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to journal articles that identifies content and location.
  • Digital Object Identifier :: UDM Libraries / Instructional Design Studio 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC research.udmercy.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Technorati Tags : APA Style , APA Style references , digital object identifiers , DOI .
  • APA Style Blog: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC blog.apastyle.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Moreover, at runtime, DL services can query this relation context from a "journal" instance to acquire the individual "paper" objects that are linked with the given "journal" object.
  • Type-consistent Digital Objects 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dlib.ukoln.ac.uk [Source type: Reference]

 .The choice of granularity is left to the assigner, but in the DOI System it must be declared as part of the metadata that is associated to a DOI name, using a data dictionary based on the indecs Content Model.^ Each DOI is associated with a series of metadata, a set of bibliographical and commercial information concerning the content (title, author, publication date, copyright, price, etc.
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A DOI Registration Agency (RA) is an authority recognized by the IDF, whose primary role is to provide services to DOI registrants: allocating DOI prefixes, registering DOIs and providing the necessary infrastructure to allow registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data.
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Furthermore, metadata represent the key for the development of DOI-based services, such as transnational databases and search engines for different kinds of contents.
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

Applications

Major applications of the DOI System currently include:
.
  • persistent citations in scholarly materials (journal articles, books, etc.^ The DOI can be used to identify any of the various physical objects that are manifestations of intellectual property: for example, printed books, CD recordings, videotapes, journal articles.
    • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ More than 200 publishers deposit and maintain DOI persistent identifiers in the CrossRef System to link citations and references to the full text of journal articles and books.
    • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ In their prototype, citations in an electronic-journal article incorporate DOIs that are linked directly to the text of the original articles in either of the two publishers' online-journal databases.
    • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ) through CrossRef, a consortium of around 3,000 publishers;
  • scientific data sets, through DataCite, a consortium of leading research libraries, technical information providers, and scientific data centers;
  • European Union official publications, through the EU publications office.
.An illustration of an application making good use of DOI System functionality is OECD's publication service SourceOECD: each table or graph in an OECD publication containing a DOI name leads to an Excel file of data underlying the tables and graphs.^ Any functions that make use of assets or meta-data .
  • IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability - Core Functions Best Practice Guide 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.imsproject.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ RAs are also expected actively to promote the widespread adoption of the DOI, to cooperate with the IDF in the development of the DOI System as a whole and to provide services on behalf of their specific user community.
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI is case insensitive and is considered an " opaque string": nothing can be inferred from the number with respect to its use in the DOI System.
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 .Further development of such services is planned.^ Implementation, specification and enhancement of elaborated concepts Tests and further development of PI service .

 ^ New initiatives for data services and data archives are being developed in fields where such facilities have been lacking until recently.
  • Abstracts :: iPRES - 2006 International Conference on Preservation of Digital Objects | Cornell University Library 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC ipres.library.cornell.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ This work entails the use of message-oriented middleware to facilitate alerting of preservation-noteworthy events and the development of services to respond to such events.
  • Abstracts :: iPRES - 2006 International Conference on Preservation of Digital Objects | Cornell University Library 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC ipres.library.cornell.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [4]
.A multilingual European DOI RA activity, mEDRA, and a Chinese RA, Wanfang Data, are active in non-English language markets.^ Chinese or Arabic), or even non-textual data.
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 ^ DOI meta data application profile "DOIs for Archiving" Registration of DOIs requires their numbers and supply of a meta data set to DOI-F or RAs.

 .Expansion to other sectors is planned by the International DOI Foundation.^ The maintenance agency is the International DOI Foundation .
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The largest single supplier of persistent identification is the International DOI Foundation (IDF).
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Digital Object Identifier DOI was developed by the International DOI Foundation as a system for identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital environment.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]

Features and benefits

DOI names were developed with the key intended benefits of:
  • Persistent identification: each DOI name unequivocally and permanently identifies the object to which it is associated
  • Network actionability: each DOI name resolves to one or more web pages or other data assigned by the publisher
  • Semantic interoperability: metadata can be provided which allows unambiguous communication to any user, from any place, at any point of a distribution chain, with relevant pieces of information about the identified objects and their relationships.
.The DOI System uses two underlying technologies plus a social infrastructure to achieve this.^ In particular, the use of DOI s in rights management environments and other uses, offers significant potential benefits but requires further development of underlying technologies such as rights data dictionary and rights expression languages.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A great deal of technology and infrastructure now being deployed will be useful in managing integrity and authenticity over time.
  • Authenticity in a Digital Environment 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.clir.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This is achieved through a combination of mechanisms including the use of public key infrastructure, backup procedures, and protected physical equipment.
  • Representing Value as Digital Objects: A Discussion of Transferability and Anonymity 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.dlib.org [Source type: Reference]

 .The technical infrastructure inherits the features and capabilities of the two underlying technologies: the Handle System and the indecs content model.^ The Handle System provides the underlying capabilities of state maintenance.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Javascript) may access the document object model of the underlying page to identify whether a given section includes a digital content object.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Some of the detailed housekeeping for such a system could be handled by machine, although programs capable of doing so efficiently have not yet been developed.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]
The Handle System ensures that the DOI name:
  • is not based on any changeable attributes of the entity (location, ownership, or any other attribute that may change without changing the referent's identity);
  • is opaque (preferably a "dumb number": a well known pattern invites assumptions that may be misleading, and meaningful semantics may not translate across languages and may cause trademark conflicts);
  • is unique within the system (to avoid collisions and referential uncertainty);
  • has optional, but nice to have, features that should be supported (human-readable, cut-and-paste-able, embeddable; fits common systems, e.g., URI specification).
And that the DOI name's resolution mechanism:
  • is reliable (using redundancy, no single points of failure, and fast enough to not appear broken);
  • is scalable (higher loads simply managed with more computers);
  • is flexible (can adapt to changing computing environments; useful to new applications);
  • is trusted (both resolution and administration have technical trust methods; an operating organization is committed to the long term);
  • builds on open architecture (encouraging the leverage efforts of a community in building applications on the infrastructure);
  • is transparent (users need not know the infrastructure details).
.The Handle System's ability to provide administrative granularity, multiple resolution, and data typing were key to its selection for the DOI System.^ The Handle System can also provide the equivalent of this function.
  • Representing Value as Digital Objects: A Discussion of Transferability and Anonymity 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.dlib.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It can be delivered without the need to create a resolver database as would be necessary for the implementation of systems like Handles or DOI or OCLC's PURI. It is easy to maintain.
  • Persistent Identifier scheme for digital collections at the National Library of Australia | National Library of Australia 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It describes several current services (URN, NBN, DOI, PURL, Handle System, OpenURL, Archival Resource Key & Webcite) including their theoretical background and use.
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 .The Handle System is part of a Digital Object Architecture which relates to digital objects in a computer science sense, as an identifiable item of structured information in digital form within a network-based computer environment.^ Parent Object Information :   Identifies any parent object(s) with which the digital object is directly/immediately associated.
  • NDLP Documentation: Structural Metadata - Data Definitions 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC memory.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The overall design or structure of a digital object.

 ^ The answer is that the DOI is not restricted to the electronic networked environment and so is a digital identifier for objects.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 .Any object in the more general sense (the ontology sense, the word "thing") may be represented as a digital object, so there is no inconsistency in this use in the DOI System.^ One or more Datastreams are used to represent the parts of the digital content.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]
  • The Fedora Digital Object Model 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ For any given Physical Object, there may or may not be a Digital Object which is its digital representation.
  • http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/profiles/collections.html 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The Digital Object Identifier has been implemented in a system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]
.The indecs Content Model is the basis of the DOI System's approach to assigning metadata to define a referent and its relationships.^ In our approach, an instance refers to an artifact that in its entirety conforms to the attribute specifications of its prototype, including metadata, digital content, relationships and behavior definitions and not only to metadata specifications as is the case in [ 3 ].
  • Type-consistent Digital Objects 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dlib.ukoln.ac.uk [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The DOI identifier exists in a well-defined environment – the DOI system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ CCSDS 650.0-B-1: Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System provides a reference architecture for a repository that organizes and manages its resources for long-term availability by users.

 This approach places importance on:
  • unique identification;
  • functional granularity;
  • appropriate access;
  • designated authority; and
  • independence of specific business model or legal framework.
.The International DOI Foundation (IDF) oversees the integration of these technologies and operation of the system through a technical and social infrastructure.^ Co-operation shall also integrate Die Deutsche Bibliothek in the DOI network.

 ^ The DOI has been endorsed by such international organizations as the International Publishers Association (IPA) and the International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishers (STM).
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The DOI initiative has expanded beyond the purview of the AAP. The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit organization, was incorporated on October 10th, 1997, with offices in the United States and Switzerland.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The social infrastructure of a federation of independent registration agencies offering DOI services was modelled on existing successful federated deployments of identifiers such as GS1 and ISBN.^ If, however, too many borderline institutions are allowed to participate in the DOI System, the system may ultimately collapse through the accumulation of identifiers for objects that no longer exist.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI identifier exists in a well-defined environment – the DOI system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The model also needs to capture whether different versions of the same thing can exist at the same time, and whether they can be accessed independently.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]
.DOI names may be used with other appropriate technology to provide added services, e.g., the OpenURL for context sensitive linking.^ The content-embedding code may also be used by a content-embedding entity in other contexts.
  • Point of Presence Distribution Mechanism for Digital Content Objects - Patent application 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: Reference]
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ With a major emphasis in the UK on E-government and with support from the E-government Envoy, the TSO is seeking to provide a series of services that use the DOI to support management of government information over time.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Moreover, at runtime, DL services can query this relation context from a "journal" instance to acquire the individual "paper" objects that are linked with the given "journal" object.
  • Type-consistent Digital Objects 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dlib.ukoln.ac.uk [Source type: Reference]

 .The DOI directory is OpenURL-enabled so it can recognize a user with access to an OpenURL link resolver.^ Figure 2: Resolving a DOI through the directory.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This change populates a global directory, and from then on the directory re-points all links referencing that DOI to the correct place.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Not Just for Publishers -- CMS Watch 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cmswatch.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Include sufficient information to enable users to identify, cite, and locate or link to the related resources.
  • Knowledge Bank Metadata Application Profile for Digital Still Images - Technical Services Division, Ohio State University Libraries 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC library.osu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .Hence, on resolving, metadata can be pulled from the DOI agency CrossRef to create an OpenURL targeting the current local link resolver.^ To go straight to the source, you can also consult a DOI resolver, such as the one supplied by CrossRef.org .
  • APA Style Blog: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC blog.apastyle.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Digital Object Identifiers for Scientific Data Paskin, Norman (Date Created: 28 Apr 2005) This article describes the application of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) in maintaining links to scientific data.
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The Handle System, developed by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) under contract to several U.S. government agencies, is an interoperable network of distributed resolver servers, linked through a Global Resolver currently maintained by CNRI. The Global Handle Server registers, maintains, and resolves the naming authorities of locally-maintained Handle Servers.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .Such an OpenURL link that contains a DOI name is persistent; publishers who use the CrossRef DOI System to identify their content make their products OpenURL-aware.^ CrossRef is the largest user of the DOI system.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ It elects to use a canonical identifier for content.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ More than 200 publishers deposit and maintain DOI persistent identifiers in the CrossRef System to link citations and references to the full text of journal articles and books.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

Comparison with other identifier schemes

.A DOI name differs from commonly used Internet pointers to material, such as the URL, in that it identifies an object as a first-class entity, not simply the place where the object is located.^ This profile recommends that names not be reused for different entities and that Internet certificates not make use of unique identifiers.

 ^ The distinguished name of an object is tied to its location.
  • Design Concepts for Correlating Digital Identities 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The handle is an identifier which is used to locate the object in the client cache.
  • Method and apparatus for dividing, mapping and storing large digital objects in a client/server library system - Patent 5857203 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]

 .It implements the URI (URN) concept and adds to it a data model and social infrastructure .^ This service usage model does not specify the infrastructure or components required to implement an application.
  • OpenURL + Handle Appropriate Copy 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.e-framework.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ However, if a connected data source is extensible, this implementation adds some effort to the deployment phase of your solution.
  • Design Concepts for Correlating Digital Identities 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ A Preservation Model for Social Science Numeric Data Collections: PREMIS and FEDORA. This session will outline the workflow associated with migrating social science data collections into FEDORA, focusing on the implementation of PREMIS metadata as a component of the submission information package (SIP).
  • Abstracts :: iPRES - 2006 International Conference on Preservation of Digital Objects | Cornell University Library 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC ipres.library.cornell.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [5]
.A DOI name also differs from standard identifier registries such as the ISBN, ISRC, etc.^ ISBN ISSN Identifier - Standard Identifier - document .
  • IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability - Core Functions Best Practice Guide 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.imsproject.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The names of all standard information modules must be unique (but different versions of the same information module should have the same name).

 ^ Each Datastream records useful attributes about the content it represents such as the MIME-type (for Web compatibility) and, optionally, the URI identifying the content's format (from a format registry).
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 .The purpose of an identifier registry is to manage a given collection of identifiers; whereas the primary purpose of the DOI system is to make a collection of identifiers actionable and interoperable, where that collection can include identifiers from many other controlled collections.^ Identifiers in Document Management systems .
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Collection manager identifies digital object to include in their virtual collection.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We start with the premise that the publishing industry is built from a collection of disparate databases, many of which contain very similar data but few of which can directly interoperate with each other.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 [6]
.The DOI System offers persistent, semantically interoperable resolution to related current data, and is best suited to material that will be used in services outside the direct control of the issuing assigner (e.g., public citation, or managing content of value).^ Pronom, XCEL controlled vocabulary for values: Library of Congress Metadata Storage Discrete files simplest text files (often using XML tagging) associated with the digital objects by persistent IDs Database management system (relational, object-oriented, or XML) fast access, easy update, and ease of use for query and reporting capable of storing a relational model of complex objects requires a higher level of technical commitment Embed metadata in the objects themselves possible with some file formats Metadata Storage Metadata stored with the content data files?
  • Preservation Metadata 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The best results will be gained by sharing the Data object, SDef objects, and Content Model object as a group maintaining the same original identifiers.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Currently, most attempts to catalog material have used fairly ad hoc descriptions of the files and their formats.
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 .It uses a managed registry (providing social and technical infrastructure).^ With a major emphasis in the UK on E-government and with support from the E-government Envoy, the TSO is seeking to provide a series of services that use the DOI to support management of government information over time.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A great deal of technology and infrastructure now being deployed will be useful in managing integrity and authenticity over time.
  • Authenticity in a Digital Environment 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.clir.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Metadata should be documented in a registry that provides standardized information for the definition, identification, and use of each data element.
  • A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections - National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC chnm.gmu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .It does not assume any specific business model for the provision of identifiers or services, and enables other existing services to link to it in defined ways.^ Because query languages have traditionally been designed for specific kinds of data, most existing proposals for XML query languages are robust for particular types of data sources but weak for other types.
  • IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability - Core Functions Best Practice Guide 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.imsproject.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Assume the identifier is persistent, and is used in preference to other mechanisms for accessing the thing (e.g.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The DOI identifier exists in a well-defined environment – the DOI system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 .Several approaches for making identifiers persistent have been proposed.^ Persistent Uniform Resource Locator An approach to the URL permanence problem proposed by OCLC. A PURL is a public alias for a document.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]
  • Dublin Core User's Guide Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ However there is a requirement that p:q be persistent, which makes it an identifier.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This makes it possible for persistent identifiers to refer to things other than digital objects.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 .The comparison of persistent identifier approaches is difficult because they are not all doing the same thing.^ Persistent identifiers refer to published things: if they are not published, the identifier is not resolvable.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Persistent identifiers refer to stable things.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Persistent identifiers refer to citable things.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 .Imprecisely referring to a set of schemes as "identifiers" doesn't mean that they can be compared easily.^ They can be completely autonomous from each other — though they would still need to be interoperable (through a shared referent identifier and well-defined schemas), if necessary.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Persistent identifiers refer to published things: if they are not published, the identifier is not resolvable.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Although URLs have been serving the combined purpose of identifying a resource and describing its location for some time now, they are not a satisfactory means of persistently identifying a digital resource.
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 .Other "identifier systems" may be enabling technologies with low barriers to entry, providing an easy to use labeling mechanism that allows anyone to set up a new instance (examples include PURL, URLs, GUIDs, etc.^ Some are set by you; others are set by the system.
  • DA Metadata Elements [OCLC] 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.oclc.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ For example, an identifier for a work may resolve: .
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Guidelines/ID_Association_Guidelines.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The content locator 510 may include a URL of the system that hosts the content.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ), but that may lack some of the functionality of a registry-controlled scheme and that will usually lack accompanying metadata in a controlled scheme. .The DOI System does not have this approach and should not be compared directly to such identifier schemes.^ If, however, too many borderline institutions are allowed to participate in the DOI System, the system may ultimately collapse through the accumulation of identifiers for objects that no longer exist.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Yet if the DOI System depends on the object's metadata component to contain such information, then the metadata component will similarly become more complex and expensive to maintain.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI identifier exists in a well-defined environment – the DOI system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 .Various applications using such enabling technologies with added features have been devised that meet some of the features offered by the DOI System for specific sectors (e.g., ARK).^ DOIs can be used in various ways.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Such a change will require some changes in the DOI System implementation policy.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Yet if the DOI System depends on the object's metadata component to contain such information, then the metadata component will similarly become more complex and expensive to maintain.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]
.A DOI name does not depend on the object's location and, in this way, is similar to a Uniform Resource Name (URN) or Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL) but differs from an ordinary Uniform Resource Locator (URL).^ Uniform Resource Locator (URL) A technique for indicating the name and location of Internet resources.
  • Dublin Core User's Guide Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ These addresses can be Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs.
  • Point of Presence Distribution Mechanism for Digital Content Objects - Patent application 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: Reference]
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Uniform Resource Name (URN) scope Digital Object Identifier (DOI) scope.

 .URLs are often used as substitute identifiers for documents on the Internet (better characterised as URIs) although the same document at two different locations has two URLs.^ An object is stored in two different locations.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The concept of a universal document identifier was proposed by the “founder of the Web,” Tim Berners-Lee, back in 1992 and was expressed in 1994 as a uniform resource locator (URL).
  • Spotlight: “Permanent” digital object identifiers (DOI) label digital contents | InfoTech Tuesday 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC itnews.itac.k-state.edu [Source type: General]

 ^ Uniform Resource Locator (URL) A technique for indicating the name and location of Internet resources.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]
  • Dublin Core User's Guide Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC library.csun.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .By contrast, persistent identifiers such as DOI names identify objects as first class entities: two instances of the same object would have the same DOI name.^ PID: A persistent, unique identifier for the object.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The DOI is a persistent identifier of intellectual property entities.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The best results will be gained by sharing the Data object, SDef objects, and Content Model object as a group maintaining the same original identifiers.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

Resolution

.DOI name resolution is provided through the Handle System, developed by Corporation for National Research Initiatives, and is freely available to any user encountering a DOI name.^ CNRI is continuing development on the DOI System.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ CrossRef is the largest user of the DOI system.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The Handle System can also provide the equivalent of this function.
  • Representing Value as Digital Objects: A Discussion of Transferability and Anonymity 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.dlib.org [Source type: Reference]

 .Resolution redirects the user from a DOI name to one or more pieces of typed data: URLs representing instances of the object, services such as e-mail, or one or more items of metadata.^ User data store 44 stores data submitted by one or more users.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ An object can have one or more Datastreams.

 ^ The response may comprise one or more data objects.
  • Point of Presence Distribution Mechanism for Digital Content Objects - Patent application 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: Reference]
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 .To the Handle System, a DOI name is a handle, and so has a set of values assigned to it and may be thought of as a record that consists of a group of fields.^ It can be delivered without the need to create a resolver database as would be necessary for the implementation of systems like Handles or DOI or OCLC's PURI. It is easy to maintain.
  • Persistent Identifier scheme for digital collections at the National Library of Australia | National Library of Australia 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Reference]

 ^ If no groupings or sub-groupings are provided, one overarching series value will be added to each object record submitted.
  • University of Minnesota Libraries - Digital Collections Unit - Metadata Core 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC digital.lib.umn.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ If, however, too many borderline institutions are allowed to participate in the DOI System, the system may ultimately collapse through the accumulation of identifiers for objects that no longer exist.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Each handle value must have a data type specified in its "<type>" field, that defines the syntax and semantics of its data.^ A required attribute to specify the type of value.
  • Digital Initiatives :: SchemaReference 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC di.tamu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The forms of the IsExpression are: is ( Type ) The condition is satisfied if Type is semantically correct (it must be syntactically correct regardless).
  • Expressions - D Programming Language 2.0 - Digital Mars 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC d.digitalmars.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ In particular, each range specified for the textual convention must be a subset of a range specified for the base type.
To resolve a DOI name, it may be input to a DOI resolver (e.g., at www.doi.org) or may be represented as a http string by preceding the DOI name by the string
http://dx.doi.org/
.For example, to resolve the DOI name 10.1000/182, enter the address: "http://dx.doi.org/10.1000/182". Web pages or other hypertext documents can include hypertext links in this form.^ (For example: a multi-page document or a book.

 ^ Figure 10 illustrates an example web page including an advertisement.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ But the DOI would still be 10.1000/9.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Some browsers allow the direct resolution of a DOI (or other handles) with an add-on, e.g., CNRI Handle Extension for Firefox.^ Rehak allows the alternatives of non-actionable metadata to represent the relations, or a multiple resolution system external to Handle.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The resolution of these two conflicting directions will have a great deal to do with the final structure of the DOI and with electronic identifiers in general.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI is a GUID that allows resolution of multiple instances of object location and is a permanent identifier.
  • IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability - Core Functions Best Practice Guide 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.imsproject.org [Source type: Reference]

 .The CNRI Handle Extension for Firefox enables the browser to access handle or DOI URIs like hdl:4263537/4000 or doi:10.1000/1 using the native Handle System protocol.^ CNRI adapted the Handle System for use with DOIs, and the result was the current DOI Directory.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But the DOI would still be 10.1000/9.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Handle Management System , CNRI, 1995.
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 .It will even replace references to web-to-handle proxy servers with native resolution.^ Because current Web browsers cannot support the Handle resolution directly, it is necessary to use intervening software.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ In the case of Handles the server containing the Handles and the proxy server mapping the URL requests to the id server can be one in the same or they can be separate while in the case of PURLs they are always the same.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The ontology Handle allows may not be sophisticated enough for all contexts, especially given limitations in current Handle proxy servers.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Metadata

Each DOI name is associated with a series of metadata. .The extent of this metadata may be defined by an application profile; a small kernel of common data for all DOI names can be optionally extended with other relevant data, which may be public or restricted.^ Any related item may be defined within the context of a structured metadata framework.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ These hyperlinks may be presented in response to requests for discovery; or in rendering either content objects or object metadata containing references to other objects.
  • OpenURL Appropriate Location + HTTP + Inline KEV 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.e-framework.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ As a result, what is metadata in the context of one “about” relationship may be data in another.
  • On the Need for a General Purpose Digital Object Repository | Disruptive Library Technology Jester 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dltj.org [Source type: Academic]

 .The metadata can be existing data from another scheme, which can be mapped to a DOI Application Profile using a data dictionary based on the indecs Content Model.^ Crosswalk A table that maps the relationships and equivalencies between two or more metadata schemes.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The best results will be gained by sharing the Data object, SDef objects, and Content Model object as a group maintaining the same original identifiers.
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Descriptive metadata helps users find objects, distinguish one object from another, and understand the subject or contents of objects.
  • A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections - National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC chnm.gmu.edu [Source type: Reference]
.Registrants may update metadata about their contents any time they wish (when some publication data changes, when the primary URL the DOI name resolves to is modified, etc.^ The content of a datastream can be either data or metadata.

 ^ URL, File name, etc.
  • A Metadata Approach to Preservation of Digital Resources 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC outreach.lib.uic.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Updating the metadata is decoupled from updating the content.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ).

Organizational structure

.The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a non-profit organisation created in 1998, is the governance body of the DOI System.^ The maintenance agency is the International DOI Foundation .
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The International DOI Foundation ( www.doi.org/welcome.html ), a nonprofit organization founded in 1998, brings together both commercial and noncommercial partners into a consortium.
  • Spotlight: “Permanent” digital object identifiers (DOI) label digital contents | InfoTech Tuesday 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC itnews.itac.k-state.edu [Source type: General]

 ^ The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit open membership organization set up for the purposes of developing and governing the DOI System, sets out the rules that govern the implementation and operation of the system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 [7] .It safeguards all intellectual property rights relating to the DOI System, manages common operational features, and supports the development and promotion of the DOI System.^ CNRI is continuing development on the DOI System.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ DOI is a system for identifying and exchanging any entity of intellectual property.

 ^ INDECS ( Interoperability of Data in D-Commerce Systems) Standard that addresses the management of intellectual property rights and rights transactions for all media.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]

 .The IDF ensures that any improvements made to the DOI System (including creation, maintenance, registration, resolution and policymaking of DOI names) are available to any DOI registrant.^ Also included are notes on the development of the DOI system, a short glossary, and procedures for registering as a DOI user.
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Instructional Design presentations available for faculty Create a word cloud at Wordle.net Registration open for K-State Online conference Sept.
  • Spotlight: “Permanent” digital object identifiers (DOI) label digital contents | InfoTech Tuesday 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC itnews.itac.k-state.edu [Source type: General]

 ^ Equally important is a system of reliable linking/resolution services in order to find the uniquely named object, no matter its physical location.

 .It also prevents third parties from imposing additional licensing requirements beyond those of the IDF on users of the DOI system.^ CrossRef is the largest user of the DOI system.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Also included are notes on the development of the DOI system, a short glossary, and procedures for registering as a DOI user.
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ This aspect of the DOI System could make the Internet even more frustrating for the majority of the users than it is now.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]
.The IDF is controlled by a Board elected by the members of the Foundation, with an appointed Managing Agent who is responsible for co-ordinating and planning its activities.^ Collection A is said to be a context collection for collection or object B if it is a superior, related collection, and the organization with responsibility for the management of B considers that although collection A may be relevant to a user who is interested in B, any collection superior to collection A is likely not relevant.
  • http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/profiles/collections.html 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It is necessary to define responsibilities for co-ordinated URN assignment on institutional level (library associations and their affiliates, external institutions).

 ^ Related Collection : Collection A related to collection or object B if the organization with responsibility for the management of B considers that collection A may be relevant to a user who is interested B. .
  • http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/profiles/collections.html 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 .Membership is open to all organizations with an interest in electronic publishing and related enabling technologies.^ Membership is open to all organizations with an interest in electronic publishing, content distribution, rights management, and related enabling technologies.
  • draft-paskin-doi-uri-04 - The "doi" URI Scheme for Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC tools.ietf.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Membership is open to all organizations with an interest in electronic publishing and related enabling technologies.
  • Digital object identifier - LO-Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC lo-wiki.acor.org [Source type: Academic]
  • Digital object identifier - Paleontology Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC paleontology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Digital object identifier - Psychology Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]
  • Digital object identifier - Hwiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC hwiki.fzk.de [Source type: Academic]
  • Digital object identifier - Gravity Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC gravity.wikia.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Fedora Disseminators to Enable Accessible Repository Content Calling all accessibility technology experts!
  • On the Need for a General Purpose Digital Object Repository | Disruptive Library Technology Jester 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dltj.org [Source type: Academic]

 .The IDF holds annual open meetings on the topics of DOI and related issues: the 2010 meeting is provisionally scheduled to be held in Hannover, Germany in mid year.^ The International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit open membership organization set up for the purposes of developing and governing the DOI System, sets out the rules that govern the implementation and operation of the system.
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ For that group he organized two panels on DOIs in 1998, at the American Library Association's midwinter and annual meetings.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The IDF manages development, policy and licensing of the DOI to registration agencies and technology providers and advises on usage and development of related services and technologies [ DOI ].
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]
.DOI Registration Agencies, appointed by the IDF, provide services to DOI registrants: they allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI names, and provide the necessary infrastructure to allow registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data.^ The primary role of Registration Agencies is to provide services to Registrants - allocating DOI prefixes, registering DOIs, and providing the necessary infrastructure to allow Registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Or the vendor can go further and work with a DOI Registration Agency ("RA") to integrate their CMS or DAM system directly into the registration facility run by the RA. Even this is not terrifically complicated: it is primarily just a process of exporting the product metadata from the CMS/DAM system to the RA on a regular basis, so that the customer can easily register and maintain the DOIs within the global DOI directory via the RA's registration/maintenance system.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Not Just for Publishers -- CMS Watch 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cmswatch.com [Source type: General]

 ^ With a major emphasis in the UK on E-government and with support from the E-government Envoy, the TSO is seeking to provide a series of services that use the DOI to support management of government information over time.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .Registration Agencies are also expected to actively promote the widespread adoption of the DOI System, to cooperate with the IDF in the development of the DOI System as a whole, and to provide services on behalf of their specific user community.^ CNRI is continuing development on the DOI System.
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ CrossRef is the largest user of the DOI system.
  • Persistent Identification: A Key Component of an E-Government Infrastructure 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.cendi.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The IDF manages development, policy and licensing of the DOI to registration agencies and technology providers and advises on usage and development of related services and technologies [ DOI ].
  • Managing Intellectual Property Resources Using the DOI System 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.gca.org [Source type: Academic]

 .A list of current RAs is maintained by the International DOI Foundation.^ The maintenance agency is the International DOI Foundation .
  • PADI - Persistent identifiers 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.nla.gov.au [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The DOI was developed by the publishing industry and is now maintained by the International DOI Foundation, a non-profit organization.
  • IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability - Core Functions Best Practice Guide 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.imsproject.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Digital Object Identifier DOI was developed by the International DOI Foundation as a system for identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital environment.
  • DCMI Glossary 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC dublincore.org [Source type: Reference]
.Registration agencies generally charge a fee to assign a new DOI name; parts of these fees are used to support the IDF. The DOI system overall, through the IDF, operates on a not-for-profit cost recovery basis.^ DOI Registration Agencies implement this system around the world.
  • Spotlight: “Permanent” digital object identifiers (DOI) label digital contents | InfoTech Tuesday 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC itnews.itac.k-state.edu [Source type: General]

 ^ If, however, too many borderline institutions are allowed to participate in the DOI System, the system may ultimately collapse through the accumulation of identifiers for objects that no longer exist.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Since no one yet knows how high these fees might be, we are concerned that costs for smaller publishers and not-for-profit participants might be so prohibitive that they will be largely excluded.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

Standardization

.The DOI System is currently being standardised through the International Organization for Standardization, in its technical committee on identification and description TC46/SC9.^ The standard can be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO): .
  • A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections - National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC chnm.gmu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ If, however, too many borderline institutions are allowed to participate in the DOI System, the system may ultimately collapse through the accumulation of identifiers for objects that no longer exist.
  • Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ International Standard Book Number system (ISBN).
  • A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections - National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC chnm.gmu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 .The Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 26324, Information and documentation - Digital Object Identifier System was released for ballot on 5 October 2009. Voting will close on 5 March 2010 [8].^ Parent Object Information :   Identifies any parent object(s) with which the digital object is directly/immediately associated.
  • NDLP Documentation: Structural Metadata - Data Definitions 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC memory.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Digital library systems and standards .
  • Document Management, Digital Libraries and the Web 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC larry.masinter.net [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The digital object is assigned a persistent identifier.
  • http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Community_Requirements/Digital_Library_Context.htm 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.pilin.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .DOI is a registered URI under the infoURI [9] specification (IETF RFC4452), “The "info" URI Scheme for Information Assets with Identifiers in Public Namespaces” [10].^ INFO is a lightweight way to register public identifier schemes.
  • A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections - National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC chnm.gmu.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Each representation is identified by a URI that conforms to the Fedora "info" URI scheme .

 ^ Each access point is identified by a URI that conforms to the Fedora "info" URI scheme .
  • Fedora Digital Object Model - Fedora Repository 3.3 Documentation - DuraSpace Wiki 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC fedora-commons.org [Source type: Reference]

 info:doi/ is the infoURI .Namespace of Digital Object Identifiers.^ Parent Object Information :   Identifies any parent object(s) with which the digital object is directly/immediately associated.
  • NDLP Documentation: Structural Metadata - Data Definitions 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC memory.loc.gov [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Javascript) may access the document object model of the underlying page to identify whether a given section includes a digital content object.
  • (WO/2008/079819) LINK RETROFITTING OF DIGITAL MEDIA OBJECTS 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Title: "The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online" .
  • The Digital Object Identifier: Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online 31 January 2010 12:37 UTC quod.lib.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The DOI syntax is a NISO standard, first standardised in 2000, ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2005 Syntax for the Digital Object Identifier [11]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_30/b3742032.htm
  2. ^ Welcome to the DOI System
  3. ^ "DOI System Factsheet". Doi.org. 2009-12-15. http://www.doi.org/factsheets/DOIKeyFacts.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
  4. ^ OECD Publishing White Paper
  5. ^ DOI System and Internet Identifier Specifications
  6. ^ DOI System and standard identifier registries
  7. ^ DOI Handbook, Chapter 7: The International DOI Foundation
  8. ^ about_the_doi.html DOI Standards and Specifications
  9. ^ http://info-uri.info/registry/docs/misc/faq.html
  10. ^ [ http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4452.txt The "info" URI Scheme for Information Assets with Identifiers in Public Namespaces]
  11. ^ ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2000 Syntax for the Digital Object Identifier

External links


Simple English

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent way of identifying a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique number that can be used by anyone find the location of the paper. It may also make it possible to find an electronic copy, for example, on the Internet. The DOI system has a DOI resolution system which is used to locate where the document is. When the document is moved, the DOI resolution system is updated with the new location of the document.

Other websites

Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"

Citable sentences

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