From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Emperor Go-Hanazono |
| 102nd Emperor
of Japan |
|
|
| Emperor
Go-Hanazono |
| Reign |
1428 – 1464 |
| Born |
July 10,1419 |
| Died |
January 18,1471[aged 51] |
| Buried |
Nochi no Yamakuni no Misasagi
(Kyoto) |
| Predecessor |
Emperor Shōkō |
| Successor |
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado |
Emperor Go-Hanazono (後花園天皇, Go-Hanazono-tennō
?) (July 10, 1419 – January 18, 1471)
was the 102nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of
succession. His reign spanned the years from 1428 through]
1464.[1]
This 15th century sovereign was named after the 14th century Emperor
Hanazono and go- (後), translates literally as "later;"
and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Hanazono". The
Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the
"second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be
identified as "Hanazono, the second," or as "Hanazono II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal
name (his imina);[2] his
name was simply Hikohito-shinnō (彦仁親王
?).[3]
He was the eldest son of Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya
Sadafusa (伏見宮貞成親王) (1372 - 1456). His mother was Sachiko (幸子) (1390
- 1448), daughter of Niwata ?? (庭田経有).
His father was the 3rd of the Fushimi-no-miya line and grandson of
the Northern
Pretender Emperor Sukō, making Go-Hanazono the
great-grandson of Sukō and 3rd cousin to his predecessor, Emperor
Shōkō. He was also the great-great-great grandson of Emperor
Go-Fushimi. This is the second most remote relationship between
an emperor and his successor after that between Emperor
Go-Komatsu (both the sixth Northern
Pretender and the 100th in the main line) and his predecessor
in the official line, Emperor Go-Kameyama, who was his
fourth cousin twice removed.
- Consort: Ōinomikado (Fujiwara) Nobuko ?? (大炊御門（藤原）信子)
Events of Go-Hanazono's
life
Because the previous emperor, Emperor Shōkō had no son, retired Emperor
Go-Komatsu needed to secure the Jimyōin inheritance against the
Daikakuji line, before Emperor Shōkō died, he adopted a son out
of the Fushimi-no-miya house, who became Emperor Go-Hanazono after
Shōkō's death.
- 1428 (Shōchō 1, 20th day of the 7th month): In
the 17th year of Shōkō-tennō 's reign (称光天皇17年), the
emperor died at age 27; and the succession (senso) was
received by his adopted son.[4]
- Shōchō 1, on the 29th day of the 7th
month (1428): Emperor Go-Hanazono is said to have acceded to the
throne (sokui). The new emperor is age 10.[5]
- 1429 (Eikyō 1, 9th day of the 3rd month):
Minamoto-no Yoshinobu is honored in court; and thereafter, he is
known as Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.[6]
- 1433 (Eikyō 5, 6th month): The
Emperor of China addressed a letter to Yoshinori in which the
Chinese gives the Shogun the title, "King of Japan."[7]
- 1441 (Kakitsu 1,e 24th day of the 6th month):
Shogun Yoshinori is murdered at age 48 by Akamatsu Mitsusuke; and
shortly thereafter, his 8-year-old son, Ashikaga
Yoshikatsu, is proclaimed as the new Shogun.[8]
- 1441 (Kakitsu 1, 9th month): The
murders of Yoshinori kill themselves.[9]
- 1442 (Kakitsu 3, 21 day of the 7th
month): Shogun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 10. He very much
like riding horses; but he was gravely injured in a fall from a
horse. This was the cause of his death. He had been shogun for only
three years. His 8-year-old brother, Yoshinari, was then named
shogun.[10]
- 1443 (Kakitsu 3, 23rd day of the 9th
month).: An armed group of rebels penetrated the palace
defenses. A fire was started and one of the men sought to kill
Go-Hanazono, but the emperor escaped. However, the intruders
managed to steal the Three Sacred
Treasures – the mirror, the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard
found the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the location of
jewel was not known until the 8th month of Bun'an
gannen.[11]
- 1458 (Chōroku 2, 8th month): The Sacred Jewel is
retrieved from the former Southern Court. It is returned to Miyako
to join the other Sacred Treasures.[14]
Until former-Emperor Go-Komatsu died in 1433,
Emperor Go-Hanazono held the title of formal head of the Daïri, the real power in the
court was wielded by his uncle, who continued a practice known as
cloistered
rule. After this, Go-Hanazono enjoyed 30 years of direct
imperial rule, until his abdication on August 21, 1464, when the
conventional pattern of indirect government by cloistered emperors
was again resumed.
- January 18, 1471 (Bunmei 3, 12th month): Former Emperor
Go-Hanazono died at age 52.[16]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most
powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of
Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in
which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was
minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at
a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and
background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's
career. During Go-Hanazono's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan
included:
Eras of Go-Hanazono's
reign
The years of Go-Hanozono's reign are more specifically
identified by more than one era name or
nengō. Go-Hanazono's reign is almost
unique because of its eight successive eras; and only the turbulent
years of Emperor Go-Daigo's reign included as
many eras.[3]
Notes
- ^
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon,
pp. 331-351.
- ^
Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the
emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not
generally use them. The number of characters in each name
diminished after Jomei's reign.
- ^ a
b
Titsingh, p. 331.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 330; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki,
p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior
to Emperor
Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and
sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor
Go-Murakami.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 332; Varley, p. 44.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 333.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 335
- ^
Titsingh, p. 339.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 341.
- ^
Titsingh, P. 342.
- ^
Titsingh, pp. 344-345.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 347.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 346.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 349.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 351.
- ^
Titsingh, P. 356.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a
translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of
Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur
Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of
Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh,
Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du
Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great
Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H.
Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359],
Jinnō Shōtōki (A Chronicle of Gods and
Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki. New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN 0-231-04940-4
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