From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Emperor Go-Reizei |
| 70th Emperor of
Japan |
| Reign |
The 16th day of 1st month of Kantoku 2 (1045) - The 19th day
of 4th month of Jiryaku 4
(1068) |
| Coronation |
The 8th day of 4th month of Kantoku 2 (1045) |
| Born |
The 3rd day of 8th month of Manju 2 (August 28,
1025) |
| Birthplace |
Heian Kyō (Kyōto) |
| Died |
The 19th day of 4th month of Jiryaku 4 (May 22, 1068) |
| Place of death |
Kaya no In (高陽院), Heian Kyō (Kyōto) |
| Buried |
Enkyo-ji no Misasagi (円教寺陵)
(Kyōto) |
| Predecessor |
Emperor Go-Suzaku |
| Successor |
Emperor Go-Sanjō |
| Father |
Emperor Go-Suzaku |
| Mother |
Fujiwara no Kishi |
Emperor Go-Reizei (後冷泉天皇
Go-Reizei-tennō) (August 28, 1025 – May 22, 1068) was the
70th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of
succession. His reign spanned the years 1045 – 1068.[1]
This 11th century sovereign was named after the 10th century Emperor Reizei
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he
is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Reizei". The Japanese word
"go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;"
and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as
"Reizei, the second," or as "Reizei II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal
name (his imina)[2] was
Chikahito-shinnō (親仁親王).[3]
He was the eldest son of Emperor Go-Suzaku. His mother was Fujiwara no Kishi
(藤原嬉子), formerly Naishi-no kami, daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga.
Go-Reizei has three Empresses and no Imperial sons or
daughters.[4]
Empresses
and consorts
Empress (chūgū): Imperial Princess
Akiko/Shōshi (章子内親王) (1026-1105), first daughter of Emperor Go-Ichijō, thus his first
cousin
Empress (kōgō): Fujiwara no Hiroko/Kanshi
(藤原寛子) (1036-1127), eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Yorimichi (藤原頼通)
Empress (kōgō): Fujiwara no Kanshi (藤原歓子)
(1021-1102), second daughter of Fujiwara no Norimichi (藤原教通)
Events of Go-Reizei's
life
- Kantoku
2, on the 16th day of the 1st month (1045): Emperor
Go-Suzaku abdicated; and his eldest son receive the succession
(‘‘senso’’) on the same day. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Reizei
formally accedes to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5] The
following year, the era name is changed to mark the beginning of
Go-Reizei's reign.[4]
- Kantoku
2, on the 18th day in the 1st month (1045): Go-Suzaku
died at the age of 37.[6]
- Eishō 6 (1051): In
Michinoku, Abe no Sadatō and Munetō
instigate a rebellion which becomes known as the Nine Years War
(1051-1062) because, even though the period of strife lasts for 11
years, the actual fighting lasts for nine years. In response,
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is appointed governor of Mutsu and he is
named chinjufu shōgun. He is given these titles and powers
so that he will be able to restore peace in the north. Yoriyoshi
would have been the first to receive this specific shogunal title,
although his grandfather (Minamoto no Tsunemoto) had been
seitō fuku-shōgun (assistant commander for pacification of
the east).[7]
- Jiryaku
4, on the 19th day of the 4th month (1068): The
former-Emperor Go-Reizei died at the age of 44.[8]
Decorative emblems (
kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found
at
Ryoan-ji. Go-Reizei is amongst six other
emperors entombed near what had been the residence of
Hosokawa
Katsumoto before the
Ōnin War.
Go-Riezei died at age 44 in 1068.[9] He is
buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji Temple in Kyoto. The mound which commemorates
the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Riezei is today named Shu-zan. The
emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period
after Go-Reizei died. These tombs reached their present state as a
result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers
(misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[10]
Go-Reizei had no direct heirs.
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most
powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of
Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in
which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was
minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at
a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and
background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's
career. During Go-Reizei's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan
included:
- Kampaku, Fujiwara Yorimichi,
992-1074.[11]
- Kampaku, Fujiwara Norimichi,
997-1075.[11]
- Daijō-daijin, Fujiwara Yorimichi.[11]
- Sadaijin,
Fujiwara Norimichi.[11]
- Sadaijin
- Udaijin,
Fujiwara Sanesuke, 957-1046.[11]
- Udaijin,
Fujiwara Yorimune, 993-1065.[11]
- Udaijin,
Fujiwara Morozane, 1042-1101.[8]
- Nadaijin, Minamoto Morofusa,
1009-1077.[8]
- Dainagon
Eras
of Go-Reizei's reign
The years of Go-Reizei's reign are more specifically identified
by more than one era name or
nengō.[12]
Notes
- ^
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon,
pp. 162-166; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979).
Gukanshō, pp. 311-314; ; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).
Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 197-198.
- ^
Brown, pp. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal
names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and
people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each
name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
- ^
Titsingh, p. 162; Brown, p. 311, Varley, p. 197.
- ^ a
b
Brown, p. 311.
- ^
Brown, p. 311; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p.
44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to
Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and
Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year
until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
- ^
Titsingh, p. 160; Brown, p. 311.
- ^
Varley, pp. 197-198.
- ^ a
b
c
Brown, p. 313.
- ^
Varley, p. 198.
- ^
Moscher, Gouveneur. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide,
pp. 277-278.
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
Brown, p. 312.
- ^
Titsingh, pp. 161-166; Brown, p. 313.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and
the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an
interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur
Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of
Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh,
Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du
Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great
Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359],
Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and
Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H.
Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN 0-231-04940-4
See also
Wikis
Quiz
Map
Search