From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Emperor Go-Sanjō |
| 71st Emperor of
Japan |
| Reign |
1068-1073 |
| Born |
3 September 1034 |
| Died |
15 June 1073[aged 38] |
| Buried |
Yensō-ji no Misasagi (Kyōto) |
| Predecessor |
Emperor Go-Reizei |
| Successor |
Emperor Shirakawa |
Emperor Go-Sanjō (後三条天皇, Go-Sanjō-tennō
?) (September 3, 1034 – June 15, 1073)
was the 71st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of
succession. His reign spanned the years from 1068 through 1073.[1]
This 11th century sovereign was named after Emperor Sanjō
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he
is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Sanjō". The Japanese word
"go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;"
and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as
"Sanjō, the second," or as "Sanjo II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal
name (his imina)[2] was
Takahito-shinnō (尊仁親王).[3]
Takahito-shinnō was the second son of Emperor
Go-Suzaku. His mother was Empress (kōgō) Sadako.
(禎子内親王), the third daughter of Emperor Sanjō, making him the first
Emperor in 170 years (since Emperor Uda) whose mother was
not of Fujiwara descent. The Empress mother of
the future Emperor Go-Sanjō was also known as Tishi, and a
Yōmei-mon In (1012-94).[4]
Go-Sanjō had three Empresses and seven Imperial sons and
daughters.[5]
- 1050-1131 Imperial Princess Toshiko (聡子内親王)
- 1053-1129 Imperial Prince Sadahito (貞仁親王) (Emperor
Shirakawa)
- 1056-1132 Imperial Princess Toshiko (俊子内親王) - Higuchi?
saigū (樋口斎宮) (Saigū = Imperial Princess serving at the Grand Shrine of Ise)
- 1057-1130 Imperial Princess Kako (佳子内親王) - Tomi-no-kōji Saiin
富小路斎院
- 1060-1114 Imperial Princess Tokushi (篤子内親王) - Empress
(chūgū of Emperor Horikawa)
- 1071-1185 Imperial Prince Sanehito (実仁親王) - Shirakawa's
would-be heir
- 1073-1119 Imperial Prince Sukehito (輔仁親王)
Empresses
and consorts
- 1029-1093 Empress (chūgū) Keiko? (馨子) - second
daughter of Emperor Go-Ichijō
- ????-1062 Empress Dowager: Fujiwara Shigeko (藤原茂子), daughter of
Fujiwara no Kinnari (藤原公成), adopted daughter of Fujiwara no
Yoshinobu (藤原能信)
- 1047-1134 Court Lady: Minamoto no Motoko (源基子), daughter of
Minamoto no Motohira (源基平)
- Court Lady: Fujiwara no Akiko (藤原昭子) - daughter of Fujiwara no
Yorimune (藤原頼宗)
Events of Go-Sanjō's
life
Because he was not of Fujiwara descent, the Kampaku, Fujiwara no Yorimichi
neglected him, but Emperor Go-Suzaku decreed that upon
his elder brother Chikahito's enthronement (as Emperor
Go-Reizei), that Takahito would become the heir
(kōtaitei). As Go-Reizei had no children of his own, upon
his death, Takahito became emperor.
- Jiryaku
4, on the 19th day of the 4th month (1068): In the
4th year of Emperor Go-Reizei's reign (後冷泉天皇4年), he died at age 44;
and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a his son. Shortly
thereafter, Emperor Go-Sanjo is said to have acceded to the throne
(‘‘sokui’’).[6]
Yorimichi's younger brother Norimichi became kampaku,
but Go-Sanjō was determined to rule personally.
- Enkyū 1 (1069): Go-Sanjō issued the
Enkyū Shōen Regulation Decree (Enkyū being the name of the era in
which the decree was issued); and the emperor called for the
establishment of a government office to certify Shōen records.
- Enkyū 2 (1070): Go-Sanjō orderd the
beginnings of a system of laws and a bureaucracy for regulating
silk.
- Enkyū 4 (1072): The Ritsuryō System
of centralized authority having largely failed, Go-Sanjo became
interested in strengthen the finances of the Imperial
Household.
- Enkyū 4, on the 8th day of the 12th
month (1072): In the 6th year of Emperor Go-Sanjō-tennō's
reign (桓武天皇6年), the emperor in favor of his son, and the succession
(‘‘senso’’) was received by his son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor
Shirakawa is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[7]
- Enkyū 5, on the 21st day of the 4th
month (1073): Go-Sanjō entered the Buddhist priesthood; and his new
priestly name became Kongō-gyō.[5]
- Enkyū 5, on the 7th day of the 5th
month (1073): The former-Emperor Go-Sanjō died at the age of
40.[5]
Research in recent years has led to an influential theory that
his abdication was not for the purpose of carrying out cloistered
rule, but was instead because of illness.
Decorative emblems (
kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found
at
Ryoan-ji. Go-Sanjo is amongst six other
emperors entombed near what had been the residence of
Hosokawa
Katsumoto before the
Ōnin War.
Go-Sanjō is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji
in Kyoto. The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor
Go-Sanjō is today named Shu-zan. The emperor's burial
place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Sanjō
died. These tombs reached their present state as a result of the
19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi)
which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[8]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most
powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of
Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in
which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was
minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at
a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and
background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's
career. During Go-Sanjō's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan
included:
Eras of Go-Sanjō's
reign
The years of Go-Sanjō's reign are more specifically identified
by more than one era name or
nengō.[9]
Notes
- ^
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon,
pp. 166-168; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979).
Gukanshō, pp. 314-315; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō
Shōtōki. p. 198-199.
- ^
Brown, pp. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal
names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and
people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each
name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
- ^
Titsingh, p. 166; Brown, p. 314; Varley, p. 198.
- ^ a
b
c
d
Brown, p. 314.
- ^ a
b
c
Brown, p. 315.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 166; Brown, p. 313; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of
senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all
sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have
senso and sokui in the same year until the reign
of Go-Murakami.]
- ^
Titsingh, p. 169; Brown, p. 314; Varley, p. 44.
- ^
Moscher, G. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide, pp.
277-278
- ^
Titsingh, p. 165-168; Brown, p. 313-315.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and
the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an
interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur
Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of
Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh,
Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du
Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great
Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359],
Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and
Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H.
Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN 0-231-04940-4
See also
Wikis
Map
Search
