From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Emperor Horikawa |
| 73rd Emperor of
Japan |
| Reign |
1087-1107 |
| Born |
1079 |
| Died |
1107[aged 28] |
| Buried |
Nochi no Yenkyō-ji no Misasagi
(Kyoto) |
| Predecessor |
Emperor Shirakawa |
| Successor |
Emperor Toba |
Emperor Horikawa (堀河天皇 Horikawa-tennō)
(August 8, 1079 – August 9, 1107) was the 73rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional
order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1087 through
1107.[1]
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal
name (his imina)[2] was
Taruhito-shinnō (善仁親王).[3]. He was
also known as Yoshihito-tennō.[4]
Horikawa was the son of Emperor Shirakawa. His mother was
Fujiwara no Kenshi (藤原賢子), adopted daughter of Fujiwara Morozane
(藤原師実).
- 1099-1162 Imperial Princess ?? (悰子内親王)
- 1103-1156 Imperial Prince Munehito (宗仁親王) (Emperor Toba) - note:
raised by his father, Emperor Shirakawa after Munehito's
mother's death
- 1103-1159 Kangyō (寛暁) - High Priest
- 1105-1162 Prince ?? (最雲法親王) - Buddhist Priest; head priest
of Tendai sect
- Imperial Princess Kishi (喜子内親王)
- Imperial Princess ?? (懐子内親王)
Empresses
and consorts
- 1060-1114 Empress (chūgū): Imperial Princess ??
(篤子内親王) - fourth daughter of Emperor Go-Sanjō,
and hence his aunt
- 1076-1103 Empress (kōgō): Fujiwara ?? (藤原苡子)
- ????-1126 Lady-in-waiting: Minamoto ?? (源仁子) -
Daughter of Prince ?? (康資王)
- ????-1129 Lady-in-waiting: Fujiwara ?? (藤原宗子),
daughter of Fujiwara (藤原隆宗) - later wife of Fujiwara ??
(藤原家保)
- Daughter of Fujiwara ?? (藤原時経)
Events of Horikawa's
life
He became Crown Prince and became emperor on the same
day that his father abdicated. His reign was overshadowed by the cloistered rule
of former emperor Emperor Shirakawa.
- Ōtoku
3, on the 26th day of the 11rd month (1086): In the
14th year of Emperor Shirakawa-tennō's reign (白河天皇14年),
the emperor died; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by
his second son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Horikawa is said to
have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5]
His father's kampaku, Fujiwara Morozane became
sesshō (regent), but Shirakawa held actual power as cloistered
Emperor. Horikawa filled his reign with scholarship, tanka, and music.
When his empress consort (kōgō) died, his son, Imperial
Prince Munehito, who had become Crown Prince (and
later became Emperor
Toba) was taken to be raised by Horikawa's father, the retired
Emperor
Shirakawa.
- Chōji
2, in the 6th month (1105): A red-colored snow fell
over a large area in Japan.[6]
- Kajō
2, on the 19th day of the 7th month (1107): Horikawa
died at the age of 29.[7]
Decorative emblems (
kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found
at
Ryoan-ji. Horikawa is amongst six other
emperors entombed near what had been the residence of
Hosokawa
Katsumoto before the
Ōnin War.
Horikawa died at age 29 in Kajō 2, on the 19th day of
the 7th month 1107. He had reigned 20 years—seven years in the
nengō Kanji, two years in Kahō, one year
in the nengō Eichō, two years in Jōtoku,
five years in the nengō Kōwa, two years in
Chōji, and two years in the nengō
Kajō.[8]
Horikawa is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji
in Kyoto. The mound which
commemorates the Emperor Horikawa today named
Kinugasa-yama. The emperor's burial place would have been
quite humble in the period after Horikawa died. These tombs reached
their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of
imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[9]
Emperor Horikawa was succeeded by his son, Munehito, who would
take the name Emperor Toba.[8]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most
powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of
Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in
which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was
minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at
a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and
background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's
career. During Horikawa's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan
included:
Eras
of Horikawa's reign
The years of Horikawa's reign are more specifically identified
by more than one era name or
nengō.[12]
Notes
- ^
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon,
pp. 171-178; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979).
Gukanshō, pp. 317-320; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō
Shōtōki. p. 202.
- ^
Brown, pp. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal
names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and
people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each
name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
- ^
Varley, p. 202.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 172; Brown, p. 317.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 172; Brown, p. 317; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of
senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all
sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have
senso and sokui in the same year until the reign
of Go-Murakami.]
- ^
Titsingh, p. 177.
- ^
Brown, p. 319; Titsingh, p. 178.
- ^ a
b
Titsingh, p. 178.
- ^
Moscher, G. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide, pp.
277-278.
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
Brown, p. 318.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 176.
- ^
Titsingh, p. 171-178; Brown, p. 319.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and
the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an
interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur
Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of
Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh,
Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du
Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great
Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359],
Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and
Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H.
Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press.
ISBN 0-231-04940-4
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