Ernest Watson Burgess (May 16, 1886 – December 27, 1966) was an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago. Burgess was born in Tilbury, Ontario, and educated at Kingfisher College in Oklahoma. He continued graduate studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1916, he returned to the University of Chicago, as a faculty member. Burgess also served as the 24th President of the American Sociological Association (ASA).
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Five years after his arrival as a professor at the University of a Chicago in 1921, Ernest Burgess would publish one of his most celebrated works. He collaborated with sociologist Robert Park to write a textbook called Introduction to the Science of Sociology. This was one of the most influential sociology texts ever written. Many people at the time referred to this book as the “Bible of Sociology”. This book represented the observation and reflection of men who have seen life from very different points of view. The book discussed many topics such as the history of sociology, human nature, investigating problems, social interaction, competition, conflicts, assimilation and more. Introduction to the Science of Sociology was so well organized and comprehensive that most graduate students taught by University of Chicago alumni were required to read it. This book was so informative that it was still being used decades after the death of Ernest Burgess.
Burgess' groundbreaking research, in conjunction with his
colleague, Robert
E. Park, provided the foundation for The Chicago
School. In The City, they conceptualized the city into the concentric zones (Concentric zone model), including
the central business district,
transitional (industrial, deteriorating housing), working-class
residential (tenements), residential, and commuter/suburban zones.[1]
They also viewed cities as something that experiences evolution and
change, in the Darwinian sense.
Ernest Burgess also spent a considerable amount of time studying
the institutions of family and marriage. He was interested in
developing a scientific measure that would predict a success rate
in marriage. In his book Predicting Success or Failure in Marriage,
which he wrote with Leonard Cottrell in 1939, he theorized that
harmony in marriage requires a certain amount of adjustment in
attitudes and social behavior by both the husband and the wife.
Burgess and Cottrell developed a chart made for predicting marital
success. In this chart they associated many different variables
that they claimed affect stability in marriage. Burgess and
Cottrell were however, often criticized for this work, since they
attempted to measure marriage without actually including any
component of love or affection. This is something that most people
would say is the most important part of marriage. Notably, Ernest
Burgess was never married.
Ernest Burgess also studied elderly people, especially the effects
of retirement. This was something that was very neglected at that
point in time. He collaborated with the government in researching
the success of government programs for the elderly, the results of
which were published in nineteen sixty in the book Aging in Western
Societies. Ernest Burgess served as the editor for this book. This
book was the third volume in a three part series of handbooks
written by the Inter-University Training Institute in Social
Gerontology. Ernest Burgess was also involved with first and
largest volume of the series. This volume dealt with comparative
data and trends on subjects such as population structure,
employment, retirement, income, housing and medical insurance. The
second volume was made up of case studies from European countries
and touched on such topics as housing, family relations, and senior
centers. The third volume presented a statistical supplement of
comparative data on conditions in different countries. The other
five countries used are France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, and
West Germany. These countries were selected because they were
closest in social structure and culture to the United States. This
was done so that the background experience of other societies could
be used to better the understand aging in the United States.
Although Burgess did not write much of this book he certainly left
his mark serving as the editor and writing the introduction.
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