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A young Mongolian boy

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mongolia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54% (2000 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Demographics of Mongolia, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Ethnic groups of Mongolia

Ethnic groups of Mongolia[1]
national censuses data
Ethnic
group
Mongolian
name
1956 % 1963 % 1969 % 1979 % 1989 % 2000 % 2007
est.[2]
%
Khalkha Халх 639,141 75.59 775,376 76.23 911,079 76.67 1,235,806 80.30 1,610,424 81.04 1,934,674 81.80 2,134,493 82.04
Kazakh Казах 36,729 4.34 47,735 4.69 62,812 5.29 84,305 5.48 120,506 6.06 102,983 4.35 140,152 5.39
Dörvöd Дөрвөд 25,667 3.04 31,339 3.08 34,725 2.92 45,053 2.93 55,208 2.78 66,706 2.82 70.252 2.70
Buryats Буриад 24,625 2.91 28,523 2.80 29,772 2.51 29,802 1.94 35,444 1.78 40,620 1.72 44,211 1.70
Bayid Баяд 15,874 1.88 19,891 1.96 25,479 2.14 31,053 2.02 39,233 1.97 50,824 2.15 53,246 2.05
Dariganga Дарьганга 16,852 1.99 18,587 1.83 20,603 1.73 24,564 1.60 29,040 1.46 31,909 1.35 34,680 1.33
Uriankhai Урианхай 10,833* 1.28* 13,140 1.29 15,057 1.27 19,475 1.27 22,998 1.16 29,766 1.26 24,111 0.93
Zakhchin Захчин 15,772 1.87 14,399 1.42 15,662 1.32 18,957 1.23 23,478 1.18 25,183 1.06 31,196 1.20
Darkhad Дархад * * 8,826 0.87 10,174 0.86 10,716 0.70 14,757 0.74 19,019 0.80 20,060 0.77
Torguud Торгууд 4,729 0.56 6,028 0.59 7,119 0.60 8,617 0.56 10,050 0.51 12,628 0.53 12,950 0.50
Ööld Өөлд 4,907 0.58 5,614 0.55 6,876 0.58 8,857 0.58 9,188 0.46 14,634 0.62 11,277 0.43
Khoton Хотон 2,603 0.31 2,874 0.28 4,056 0.34 4,380 0.28 6,076 0.31 9,014 0.38 6,904 0.27
Myangad Мянгад 2,518 0.30 2,712 0.27 3,222 0.27 4,173 0.27 4,760 0.24 6,028 0.25 8,222 0.32
Barga Барга 2,458 0.29 2,343 0.23 2,305 0.19 1,999 0.13 2,130 0.11 2,506 0.11 2,392 0.09
Üzemchin Үзэмчин 2,046 0.24 2,070 0.20 2,127 0.18 2,030 0.13 2,086 0.10 2,386 0.10 1,995 0.08
Russians Орос 13,444 1.59 8,905 0.88 1,433 0.12 196 0.01 140 0.01 158 0.01 1,345 0.05
Chinese Хятад 16,157 1.91 21,981 2.16 725 0.06 344 0.02 247 0.01 173 0.01 249 0.01
Other** 11,125 1.32 6,819 0.67 35,045 2.95 8,653 0.56 1,509 0.08 8,128 0.34 1,140 0.04
Total 845,481 100.00 1,017,162 100.00 1,188,271 100.00 1,538,980 100.00 1,987,274 100.00 2,365,269 100.00 2,601,789 100.00

* - In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai

** - including Chantuu (Uzbek),Tuvan, Khoshuud, Khotgoid,Tsaatan


Ethnic Mongols account for about 85% of the population and consist of Khalkha and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongol language. Mongol is an Altaic language--named after the Altay Mountains of Central Asia, a language family comprising the Turkic, Tungusic, and Mongolic subfamilies--and is related to Turkic (Uzbek, Turkish, Tatar, and Kazakh), Manchu, and possibly Korean or Japanese. The Khalkha make up 90% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 10% include Durbet Mongols and others in the north and Dariganga Mongols in the east. Turkic speakers (Kazakhs, Tuvans, and Uzbeks) constitute 7% of Mongolia's population, and the rest are Tungusic-speakers, Chinese, and Russians. Most Russians left the country following the withdrawal of economic aid and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has enjoyed a resurgence.

About 4 million Mongols live outside Mongolia; about 4 million live in China, mainly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and some 500,000 live in Russia, primarily in Buryatia and Kalmykia.

Nationality:
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian

Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, other 6%

Religions: Buddhist 98%, Muslim 2%, 20,000 Christians [1]
note: previously limited religious activity because of communist regime

Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic (Kazakh, Tuvan), Russian

Literacy:[3]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8%
male: 98%
female: 97.5%

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia
Demography indicator units U.S. Census Bureau
International
Data Base
1 July 2007[4]
United Nations
World Population
Prospects:
The 2007 Revision
1 July 2007 [5]
United Nations
Economic and Social
Commission for Asia
and Pacific(ESCAP)
1 July 2006 [6]
National Statistical
Office of Mongolia
31 December 2007[7]
Population person 2,951,786 2,629,000 2,605,000 2,635,200
Age structure: 0-14 years:  % of total population 28.72 27 28 28.58
Age structure: 15-59 years:  % of total population 65.56 67 n.a. 65.36
Age structure: 60 years and over:  % of total population 5.72 6 n.a. 6.06
Population growth rate : % 1.486 1.20 0.9 1.545
Birth rate: births/1,000 population 21.07 18.5 19.7 (2000-2005) 21.7
Death rate: deaths/1,000 population 6.21 6.6 6.9 (2000-2005) 6.2
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 0 -4.0 (2000-2005) n.a.
Sex ratio: at birth: male(s)/female 1.0500 1.01 1.0424 1.0310
Sex ratio: under 15 years: male(s)/female 1.0408 n.a. 1.0153 1.0193
Sex ratio: 15-59 years: male(s)/female 1.0003 n.a. 0.9414 0.9379
Sex ratio: 60 years and over: male(s)/female 0.8169 0.80 n.a. 0.7933
Sex ratio: total population: male(s)/female 1.0002 0.9947 n.a. 0.9508
Potential support ratio: persons aged 15 to 64
per persons aged 65 or older
17.47 17 n.a. 16.33
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1,000 live births 42.65 40 39 (2005) 15.4
Mortality under age 5: deaths/1,000 n.a. 55 49 (2005) 22
Life expectancy at birth total population: years 66.99 68 65.1 (2000-2005) 66.54
Life expectancy at birth male: years 64.61 64 61.9 (2000-2005) 63.13
Life expectancy at birth female: years 69.48 70 68.4 (2000-2005) 70.23
Total fertility rate: children born/woman 2.2517 1.9 2.1 (2000-2005) 2.3
Age specific fertility rate: ages 15-19 (per 1,000) 22.5 45 49.7 (2000-2005) 18.7
Urban population:  % of total population n.a. 57 56.8 60.75
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio males: % n.a. 84 n.a. 92.1
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio females: % n.a. 95 n.a. 95.6
Contraceptive prevalence rate all methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union
n.a. 67.4 n.a. n.a.
Contraceptive prevalence rate modern methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union
n.a. 54.3 n.a. n.a.
Persons with disabilities:  % of total population n.a. 3.5 n.a. n.a.
National poverty rate:  % of total population n.a. 35.6 36.1 (2002) 32.2
Human development index:  % of total population n.a. 0.691 n.a. 0.720
Population projected to 2025: person 3,725,352 3,112,000 n.a. n.a.
Population projected to 2050: person 4,340,496 3,388,000 n.a. n.a.


References


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mongolia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54% (2000 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14. , year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]]

Contents

Ethnic groups of Mongolia

Ethnic groups of Mongolia[1]
national censuses data
Ethnic
group
Mongolian
name
1956%1963%1969%1979%1989%2000%2007
est.[2]
%2009
est.[3]
%
KhalkhaХалх639,14175.59775,37676.23911,07976.671,235,80680.301,610,42481.041,934,67481.802,134,49382.042,199,72581.60
KazakhКазах36,7294.3447,7354.6962,8125.2984,3055.48120,5066.06102,9834.35140,1525.39117,9164.37
Dörvöd Дөрвөд25,6673.0431,3393.0834,7252.9245,0532.9355,2082.7866,7062.8270.2522.7075,8452.81
Buryats Буриад24,6252.9128,5232.8029,7722.5129,8021.9435,4441.7840,6201.7244,2111.7046,1851.71
Bayid Баяд15,8741.8819,8911.9625,4792.1431,0532.0239,2331.9750,8242.1553,2462.0557,7872.14
Dariganga Дарьганга16,8521.9918,5871.8320,6031.7324,5641.6029,0401.4631,9091.3534,6801.3336,2791.35
Uriankhai Урианхай10,833*1.28*13,1401.2915,0571.2719,4751.2722,9981.1629,7661.2624,1110.9328,6331.06
Zakhchin Захчин15,7721.8714,3991.4215,6621.3218,9571.2323,4781.1825,1831.0631,1961.2033,8441.26
Darkhad Дархад **8,8260.8710,1740.8610,7160.7014,7570.7419,0190.8020,0600.7721,6240.80
Torguud Торгууд4,7290.566,0280.597,1190.608,6170.5610,0500.5112,6280.5312,9500.5014,3580.53
Ööld Өөлд4,9070.585,6140.556,8760.588,8570.589,1880.4614,6340.6211,2770.4316,6390.62
Khoton Хотон2,6030.312,8740.284,0560.344,3800.286,0760.319,0140.386,9040.2710,2490.38
Myangad Мянгад2,5180.302,7120.273,2220.274,1730.274,7600.246,0280.258,2220.326,9130.26
Barga Барга2,4580.292,3430.232,3050.191,9990.132,1300.112,5060.112,3920.092,8500.11
Üzemchin Үзэмчин 2,0460.242,0700.202,1270.182,0300.132,0860.102,3860.101,9950.082,7130.10
RussiansОрос 13,4441.598,9050.881,4330.121960.011400.011580.011,3450.052,1580.08
ChineseХятад16,1571.9121,9812.167250.063440.022470.011730.012490.013,1500.12
Other** 11,1251.326,8190.6735,0452.958,6530.561,5090.088,1280.341,1400.0418,811***0.70
Total 845,481100.001,017,162100.001,188,271100.001,538,980100.001,987,274100.002,365,269100.002,601,789100.002,695,679100.00

* - In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai

** - including Chantuu (Uzbek), Tuvan, Khoshuud, Khotgoid, Tsaatan

*** - including Chantuu (Uzbek) 432, Tuvan 5,433, Khoshuud 208, Khotgoid 8,229, Tsaatan 345, Sartuul 1,751, Khamnigan 643, Kharchin 304, Khoshut 208, Eljigin 172, Khorchin 171, Kalmuks 6, Ukrainians 820, Jews 36, Vietnamese 35, Lao 3, Koreans 10, Georgians 5.

Ethnic Mongols account for about 85% of the population and consist of Khalkha and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongol language. Mongol is an Altaic language--named after the Altay Mountains of Central Asia, a language family comprising the Turkic, Tungusic, and Mongolic subfamilies--and is related to Turkic (Uzbek, Turkish, Tatar, and Kazakh), Manchu, and possibly Korean or Japanese. The Khalkha make up 90% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 10% include Durbet Mongols and others in the north and Dariganga Mongols in the east. Turkic speakers (Kazakhs, Tuvans, and Uzbeks) constitute 7% of Mongolia's population, and the rest are Tungusic-speakers, Chinese, and Russians. Most Russians left the country following the withdrawal of economic aid and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has enjoyed a resurgence.

About 4.5 million Mongols live outside Mongolia; about 4 million live in China, mainly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and some 500,000 live in Russia, primarily in Buryatia and Kalmykia.

Nationality:
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian

Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, other 6%

Religions: Buddhist 98%, Muslim 2%, 20,000 Christians [1]
note: previously limited religious activity because of communist regime

Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic (Kazakh, Tuvan), Russian

Literacy:[4]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8%
male: 98%
female: 97.5%

Mongolian Urbanisation

Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54% (2000 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Key: For population growth 1979 - 2008

  • Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth.
  • Light green cells indicate a growth between 1-2%.
  • Dark Green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.
Rank Name Mongolian Inhabitants
(1979 est.[5][6][7])
Inhabitants
(1989 est.[8][9])
Inhabitants
(2000 census[10][11])
Inhabitants
(est. 2008[12])
Change since 1979 Growth Percentage/Year Administrative
Unit
1. Ulan Bator * Улаанбаатар 396,300 540,600711,900 1,008,738 612,438 +5.2% Ulan Bator
2. Erdenet Эрдэнэт 29,100 - 68,310 86,866 57,766 +6.6% Orkhon
3. Darkhan Дархан 49,100 - 65,791 74,300 25,200 +1.7% Darkhan-Uul
4. Choibalsan Чойбалсан 28,500 37,300 40,123 38,150 9,650 +1.1% Dornod
5. Mörön Мөрөн 16,500 21,300 28,903 36,082 19,582 +4.0% Khövsgöl
6. Nalaikh Налайх - - 23,600 29,115 5,515 +3.0% Ulan Bator
7. Khovd Ховд 17,500 24,100 25,765 28,601 11,101 +2.1% Khovd
8. Ölgii Өлгий 18,700 27,200 25,791 27,855 9,155 +1.6% Bayan-Ölgii
9. Bayankhongor Баянхонгор 16,300 21,200 22,066 26,252 9,952 +2.0% Bayankhongor
10. Baganuur Багануур - - 21,100 25,877 4,777 +1.8% Ulan Bator
11. Arvaikheer Багануур 12,300 16,900 19,058 25,622 13,322 +3.6% Övörkhangai
12. Ulaangom Улаангом 17,900 22,900 25,993 21,406 3,506 +0.67% Uvs
13. Sükhbaatar Сүхбаатар 14,300 19,600 22,374 19,626 5,326 +1.2% Selenge
14. Sainshand Сайншанд 11,100 10,300 18,290 25,210 14,110 +4.2% Dornogovi
15. Dalanzadgad Даланзадгад 10,000 14,300 14,050 16,856 6,856 +2.3% Ömnögovi
16. Tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг 14,700 20,300 18,519 16,300 1,600 +0.37% Arkhangai
17. Uliastai Улиастай 15,400 20,300 18,154 16,240 840 +0.17% Zavkhan
18. Altai Алтай 13,700 18,800 15,741 15,800 2,100 +0.5% Govi-Altai
19. Züünkharaa Зүүнхараа 11,400 - 15,000(2004) - 3,600 +1.1% Selenge
20. Öndörkhaan Өндөрхаан 11,100 14,400 18,003 14,800 3,700 +1.1% Khentii
21. Zuunmod Зуунмод 9,800 15,800 14,837 14,568 4,768 +1.6% Töv
22. Baruun-Urt Баруун-Урт 11,600 16,100 15,133 12,994 1,394 +0.4% Sükhbaatar
23. Zamyn-Üüd Замын-Үүд - - 5,486 11,527 6,041 +13.8% Dornogovi
24. Bulgan Булган 11,300 12,800 12,681 11,198 -102 -0.03% Bulgan
25. Mandalgovi Мандалговь 10,200 16,100 14,517 10,299 99 +0.03% Dundgovi
26. Kharkhorin Хархорин - - 8,977(2003) - - n/a% Övörkhangai
27. Bor-Öndör Бор-Өндөр - - 6,406(2001) 8,902 2,496 +3.5% Khentii
28. Choir Чойр 4,500 - 8,983 7,998 3,498 +2.6% Govisümber
29. Sharyngol Шарынгол - - 8,902 7,798 -1,104 -2.8% Darkhan-Uul
Mongolia Монгол улс 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,635,000 1,096,600 +2.38% Darkhan-Uul

* - city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.

From List of cities in Mongolia

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia
Demography indicator units U.S. Census Bureau
International
Data Base
1 July 2007[13]
United Nations
World Population
Prospects:
The 2007 Revision
1 July 2007 [14]
United Nations
Economic and Social
Commission for Asia
and Pacific(ESCAP)
1 July 2006 [15]
National Statistical
Office of Mongolia
31 December 2007[16]
Population person 2,951,786 2,629,000 2,605,000 2,635,200
Age structure: 0-14 years:  % of total population 28.72 27 28 28.58
Age structure: 15-59 years:  % of total population 65.56 67 n.a. 65.36
Age structure: 60 years and over:  % of total population 5.72 6 n.a. 6.06
Population growth rate : % 1.486 1.20 0.9 1.545
Birth rate: births/1,000 population 21.07 18.5 19.7 (2000-2005) 21.7
Death rate: deaths/1,000 population 6.21 6.6 6.9 (2000-2005) 6.2
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 0 -4.0 (2000-2005) n.a.
Sex ratio: at birth: male(s)/female 1.0500 1.01 1.0424 1.0310
Sex ratio: under 15 years: male(s)/female 1.0408 n.a. 1.0153 1.0193
Sex ratio: 15-59 years: male(s)/female 1.0003 n.a. 0.9414 0.9379
Sex ratio: 60 years and over: male(s)/female 0.8169 0.80 n.a. 0.7933
Sex ratio: total population: male(s)/female 1.0002 0.9947 n.a. 0.9508
Potential support ratio: persons aged 15 to 64
per persons aged 65 or older
17.47 17 n.a. 16.33
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1,000 live births 42.65 40 39 (2005) 15.4
Mortality under age 5: deaths/1,000 n.a. 55 49 (2005) 22
Life expectancy at birth total population: years 66.99 68 65.1 (2000-2005) 66.54
Life expectancy at birth male: years 64.61 64 61.9 (2000-2005) 63.13
Life expectancy at birth female: years 69.48 70 68.4 (2000-2005) 70.23
Total fertility rate: children born/woman 2.2517 1.9 2.1 (2000-2005) 2.3
Age specific fertility rate: ages 15-19 (per 1,000) 22.5 45 49.7 (2000-2005) 18.7
Urban population:  % of total population n.a. 57 56.8 60.75
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio males: % n.a. 84 n.a. 92.1
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio females: % n.a. 95 n.a. 95.6
Contraceptive prevalence rate all methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union
n.a. 67.4 n.a. n.a.
Contraceptive prevalence rate modern methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union
n.a. 54.3 n.a. n.a.
Persons with disabilities:  % of total population n.a. 3.5 n.a. n.a.
National poverty rate:  % of total population n.a. 35.6 36.1 (2002) 32.2
Human development index:  % of total population n.a. 0.691 n.a. 0.720
Population projected to 2025: person 3,725,352 3,112,000 n.a. n.a.
Population projected to 2050: person 4,340,496 3,388,000 n.a. n.a.


References

  1. ^ "Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтyyдийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70
  2. ^ State Center for Civil Registration and Information
  3. ^ "Mongolia. Geographic Encyclopedia" Yury Kruchkin, Ulan Bator, 2009, p. 350 (in Russian)
  4. ^ CIA World Factbook, accessed Dec. 9th, 2008
  5. ^ City Population - Historical population figures
  6. ^ Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985
  7. ^ Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85
  8. ^ City Population - Historical population figures
  9. ^ http://www.nso.mn/eng/index.php National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May, 2 2007)
  10. ^ City Population - Historical population figures
  11. ^ (2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.
  12. ^ City Population - Historical population figures
  13. ^ U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base - Mongolia Country Summary
  14. ^ United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision
  15. ^ United Nations ESCAP 2007 Statistical Yearbook
  16. ^ Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia 2007, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2008







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