| Yevpatoria Євпаторія Евпатория Kezlev |
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  Yevpatoria
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| Coordinates: 45°12′13″N 33°21′41″E / 45.20361°N 33.36139°E | |||
| Country |  Ukraine |
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| Territory | Crimea | ||
| Region | Yevpatoria municipality | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 65 km2 (25.1 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 10 m (33 ft) | ||
| Population | |||
| - Total | 103,244 | ||
| - Density | 1,588.37/km2 (4,113.9/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal code | 97400 — 97490 | ||
| Area code(s) | +380-6569 | ||
| Former name | Kezlev (Gezlev) (till 1784) | ||
Yevpatoria or Eupatoria (Ukrainian: Євпаторія, Russian: Евпатория, Crimean Tatar: Kezlev, Greek: Ευπατορία, Κερκινίτις - Eupatoria, Kerkinitis, Turkish: Gözleve, Armenian: Եվպատորիա - Yevpatoria) is a city in Crimea, Ukraine.
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The first recorded settlement in the area, called Kerkinitis (Κερκινίτης), was built by Greek colonists around 500 BC. Along with the rest of Crimea, Kerkinitis was part of the dominions of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus, from whose nickname, Eupator, the city's modern name derives.
From roughly the 7th through the 10th centuries AD Yevpatoria was a Khazar settlement; its name in Khazar language was probably Güzliev (literally "beautiful house")[citation needed]. It was later subject to the Cumans (Kipchaks), the Mongols and the Crimean Khanate. During this period the city was called Kezlev by Crimean Tatars and Gözleve by Ottomans. The Russian medieval name Kozlov is a Russification of the Crimean Tatar name.
For a short period between 1478 and 1485, the city was administrated by the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards it became an important urban center of the Crimean Khanate. In 1783, with the whole Crimea, Kezlev was captured by the Russian Empire. Its name was officially changed to Yevpatoria in 1784. The city was briefly occupied in 1854 by British, French and Turkish troops during the Crimean War, when it was the site of the Battle of Eupatoria. Adam Mickiewicz visited the town in 1825 and wrote one of his Crimean Sonnets here; it was later translated into Russian by Mikhail Lermontov.
The 400 year old Cuma Cami mosque is one of the many designed or built by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. 33-metre minarets rose on the flanks of the building. The mosque was of great state significance. It was here that a ceremony of the declaration of rights of the Crimean Khans was held at their enthronement. Only after that they went to their capital, the city of Bakhchisarai. After the annexation of the Crimea by Russia Yevpatoria became a residence of the spiritual ruler of the Karaites, the Gakham. In this connection here a complex of two praying houses was built under the supervision of the Rabovich brothers, in which forms of the Renaissance and Moslem architecture entwined in a most unusual manner. The ensemble organically incorporates three courtyards. The entrance to it is marked by the gates, built in 1900, which look like a refined triumphal arch.
Today Yevpatoria is a major Ukrainian Black Sea port, a rail hub, and resort town. The main industries include fishing, food processing, wine making, limestone quarrying, weaving, and the manufacture of building materials, machinery, furniture manufacturing and tourism. The National Space Agency of Ukraine has ground control and tracking facilities here.
Yevpatoria has spas of mineral water, salt and mud lakes. These resorts belong to a vast area with curative facilities where the main health-improving factors are the sunshine and sea, air and sand, brine and mud of the salt lakes, as well as the mineral water of the hot springs. The population of the town is sure to have known about the curative qualities of the local mud that can be found here from time immemorial, which is witnessed by the manuscripts of Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar (ca 80 BC).
On December 24, 2008 a blast destroyed a five storey building in the town. 27 people were killed. President Viktor Yushchenko declared December 26 to be a day of national mourning.[1][2][3][4][5]
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EUPATORIA (Russ. Evpatoria; also known as Kozlov and to the Turks as Gezlev), a seaport of Russia, in the government of Taurida, on the W. coast of the Crimea, 20 m. N.W. of Simferopol, on a sandy promontory on the north of Kalamita Bay, in 45° 12' N. and 33° 40' E. Pop. (1871) 8294; (1897) 17,915. This number 1 L'Harmonie universelle (Paris, 1636), livre v. prop. iv. pp. 228-229.
includes many Jews, the Karaite sect having here their principal synagogue. Here too resides the spiritual head (gakhan) of the sect. Of its numerous ecclesiastical buildings three are of interest - the synagogue of the Karaite Jews; one of the mosques, which has fourteen cupolas and is built (1552) after the plan of St Sophia in Constantinople; and the Greek Catholic cathedral (1898). The port or rather roadstead has a sandy bottom, and is exposed to violent storms from the N.E. The trade is principally in cereals, skins, cow-hair, felt, tallow and salt. Eupatoria has some repute as a sea-bathing resort.
According to some authorities it was near this spot that a military post, Eupatorium, was established in the 1st century A.D. by Diophantus, the general of Mithradates the Great, king of Pontus. Towards the end of the 15th century the Turks built the fortress of Gezleveh on the present site, and it became the capital of a khanate. It was occupied by the Russians under Marshal Miinnich in 1736, and in 1771 by Prince Dolgorukov. Its annexation to Russia took place in 1783. In 1854 the AngloFrench troops were landed in the neighbourhood of Eupatoria, and in February 18 J 5 the town was occupied by the Turkish forces.
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Categories: ESZ-EZZ | Ukraine | History of Russia | Hellenism
   | Ancient Kerkinitida and its Coinage - The Odessa Virtual Museum of Numismatic |
| | Alekseev V.P., Loboda P.G. Rare and Unpublished Coins of Kerkinitida and Chersonessos. Issue #12. 2002. - The Odessa Virtual Museum of Numismatic |
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