From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eupatorium is a genus of flowering plants, containing from 36 to
60 species depending on the
classification system. Most are herbaceous perennial
plants growing to 0.5–3 m tall. A few are shrubs. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern
Hemisphere. Most are commonly called bonesets,
thoroughworts or snakeroots.
Systematics and taxonomy
Eupatorium has at times been held to contain as many as
800 species[1], but
many of these have been moved (at least by some authors) to other
genera, including Ageratina, Chromolaena, Condylidium,
Conoclinium, Critonia, Cronquistianthus, Eutrochium, Fleischmannia,
Flyriella,
Hebeclinium, Koanophyllon,
Mikania, and Tamaulipa [2].
The classification of the tribe Eupatorieae, including species placed in
Eupatorium in the present or past, is an area of ongoing
research, so further changes are likely. What seems fairly certain
by now is that there is a monophyletic group
containing Eupatorium (about 42 species of white flowered
plants in North America, Europe and Asia, but not South America)
and the Joe-pye weeds (Eutrochium), and possibly others.[3]
Uses
Eupatorium is grown as ornamental plants, in particular in
Asia.[4] A
number of popular ornamental plants formerly included in
Eupatorium have been moved to other genera, such as Bartlettina and
Conoclinium.
Tobacco leaf curl virus is a pathogen occasionally
affecting plants of this genus.
Medical
use
The common names for the plants are all based on the previous
usage of one species, Eupatorium perfoliatum, as an herbal
medicine. Boneset alludes to the use of the plant to treat broken
bones, although it may also come from its use to treat dengue
fever, which was also called breakbone fever because of the pain
that it caused. The name thoroughwort also comes from
Eupatorium perfoliatum, and refers to the perfoliate
leaves, in which the stem appears to pierce (i.e. go through, note
that in older usage "thorough" was not distinguished from
"through", compare for example the word thoroughfare) the leaf.
Boneset, although poisonous to
humans and grazing livestock, has been used in folk medicine[5], for
instance to excrete excess uric acid which causes gout. Eupatorium has many more presumed
beneficial uses, including treatment of dengue fever, arthritis, certain infectious diseases, migraine, intestinal
worms, malaria, and diarrhoea. Boneset infusions are also considered an excellent
remedy for influenza.
Scientific research of these applications is rudimentary at
present, however.
Caution is advised when using boneset, since it contains toxic compounds
that can cause liver damage.
Side effects include muscular tremors, weakness, and constipation;
overdoses may be deadly.
Selected
species
North
America
Europe
Asia
Moved to
other genera
- ^
Whittemore (1987)
- ^
King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany, Missouri Botanical
Garden 22: 1-581.
- ^
Ito et al. (2000), Schmidt & Schilling (2006)
- ^ SASAKI YOHEI, MATSUMOTO ATSUSHI, TAKIDO
MICHIO, YOSHIMURA MAMORU, NAGUMO SEIJI (2006). "Study on Eupatorium Plants
Called "Fujibakama"". Japanese Journal of
Pharmacognosy 60 (1): 15–20. ISSN 1349-9114. http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200612/000020061206A0368406.php.
- ^
Sharma et al. (1999)
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
ag
ah
ai
Schmidt & Schilling (2000)
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
"Eupatorium". Flora
of North America. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112351.
- ^
Kunsiri Chaw Siripun and Edward E.
Schilling (2006). "Molecular confirmation of the
hybrid origin of Eupatorium godfreyanum (Asteraceae)".
American Journal of Botany 93 (2):
319–325. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.319. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/93/2/319.
- ^
Schilling, Edward E.; Leblond,
Richard J.; Sorrie, Bruce A.; Weakley, Alan S. (2007).
"Relationships Of The New England Boneset, Eupatorium Novae-Angliae
(Asteraceae)". Rhodora 109: 145. doi:10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[145:ROTNEB]2.0.CO;2.
- ^
DL Byers (1998). "Effect of cross proximity on
progeny fitness in a rare and a common species of Eupatorium
(Asteraceae)". American Journal of Botany
85 (5): 644. doi:10.2307/2446533.
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/5/644.
- ^ a
b
c
d
e
f
"Eupatorium". Digital
Flora of Taiwan. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=100&taxon_id=112351.
- ^ "Eupatorium Linn.".
Dinghushan Plant Checklist. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=620&taxon_id=112351.
- ^ a
b
"Asteraceae Tribe Eupatorieae
(Draft)". Flora of China. http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume21/Asteraceae-AGH-Eupatorieae_coauthoring.htm. Retrieved
2009-12-01.
- ^
"Eupatorium collinum". nomen.at. http://nomen.at/Eupatorium%20collinum.
- ^
"Eupatorium collinum".
Henriette's Herbal. http://www.henriettesherbal.com/plants/eupatorium/collinum.html.
- ^
Database entry Ayapana -
Ayapana triplinervis - Ayapana - Eupatorium ayapana - Ayapana -
Eupatorium triplinerve
- ^
Fine Chem Trading (ChemFinder
- UK) - Supplier MS8888
- ^
"Eupatorium ligustrinum
DC.". United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville Area, Germplasm Resources Information
Network. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?16323.
- ^
"Eupatorium sordidum
Less.". USDA PLANTS. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=EUSO3.
- ^
Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones,
P.J. (First electronic edition, Landcare Research, June 2004). "B. sordida". Flora
of New Zealand. http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_f92c08e2-69f9-4e39-b75a-af571c21abbb&fileName=Flora%204.xml. Retrieved
2008-01-28.
References
- Hatfield, Gabrielle (2004):
Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World
Traditions. ABC-CLIO, Inc., Santa Barbara. ISBN
1576078744
- Ito,
Motomi; Watanabe, Kuniaki; Kita, Yoko; Kawahara, Takayuki;
Crawford, D.J. & Yahara, Tetsukazu (2000): Phylogeny and
Phytogeography of Eupatorium (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae):
Insights from Sequence Data of the nrDNA ITS Regions and cpDNA
RFLP. Journal of Plant Research 113(1):
79-89. doi:10.1007/PL00013913 (HTML abstract)
- Lamont, E.E. (1995):
Taxonomy of Eupatorium Section Verticillata
(Asteraceae). New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN
0-89327-391-0
- Longe,
Jacqueline L. (2005): The Gale Encyclopedia of
Alternative Medicine (2nd ed., vol. 1). Gale Group, New York.
ISBN 0787674249
- Schmidt, Gregory J. &
Schilling, Edward E. (2000): Phylogeny and biogeography of
Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS
sequence data. Am. J. Bot.
87(5): 716-726. PMID 10811796 PDF fulltext
- Sharma, Om P.; Dawra, Rajinder K.;
Kurade, Nitin P. & Sharma. Pritam D. (1999): A review of
the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus
Eupatorium. Natural Toxins 6(1):
1–14. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1522-7189(199802)6:1%3C1::AID-NT3%3E3.0.CO;2-E
(HTML abstract)
- Whittemore, Alan (1987):
The Sectional Nomenclature of Eupatorium (Asteraceae).
Taxon 36(3): 618-620.
doi:10.2307/1221856
Eupatorium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Top topics
Wikis
Quiz
Map
Search
