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For other uses, see Experience (disambiguation).
.Experience as a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event.^ The explanation is intended for people who have some experience of cards and card games, but no knowledge of bridge.
  • Bridge: rules and variations of the card game 10 February 2010 12:39 UTC www.pagat.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [1] The history of the word experience aligns it closely with the concept of experiment.
.The concept of experience generally refers to know-how or procedural knowledge, rather than propositional knowledge: on-the-job training rather than book-learning.^ Basically it's just a concept + signs, rather than a surface infrastructure.
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 ^ It may be roughly characterized as a generalization and abstraction of arithmetic, in which operations are performed on symbols rather than numbers.
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 ^ They had to rely on unsystematic experimentation, traditional know-how, rules of thumb, — and plenty of speculative thought to fill in the wide gaps in existing knowledge.
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 Philosophers dub knowledge based on experience "empirical knowledge" or "a posteriori knowledge".
The interrogation of experience has a long tradition in continental philosophy. Experience plays an important role in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard. .The German term Erfahrung, often translated into English as "experience", has a slightly different implication, connoting the coherency of life's experiences.^ The direct translation of the name Jezioro Zygmunta Augusta from Polish into English sounds more like Zygmunt August's Lake (as if the lake belonged to Zygmunt August), then Lake Zygmut August.
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A person with considerable experience in a certain field can gain a reputation as an expert.
Certain religious traditions (such as types of Buddhism, Surat Shabd Yoga and mysticism) and educational paradigms with, for example, the conditioning of boot camps, stress the experiential nature of human epistemology. This stands in contrast to alternatives: traditions of dogma, logic or reasoning. Participants in activities such as tourism, extreme sports and recreational drug-use also tend to stress the importance of experience.

Contents

Types of experience

The word "experience" may refer, somewhat ambiguously, both to mentally unprocessed immediately-perceived events as well as to the purported wisdom gained in subsequent reflection on those events or interpretation of them.
.Some wisdom-experience accumulates over a period of time,[2] though one can also experience (and gain general wisdom-experience from) a single specific momentary event.^ Germany" may not exist at the moment (though I may spend some time later in creating just that and populating it) but it is "cycling infrastructure" yet is NOT a bikeway.
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 [citation needed]
.One may also differentiate between (for example) physical, mental, emotional and spiritual experience(s).^ In the Fourth Way teaching of G. I. Gurdjieff the word fakir is used to denote the specifically physical path of development, compared with the word yogi (which Gurdjieff used for a path of mental development) and monk (which he used for the path of emotional development).
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 ^ As an example of a swing bridge, that between Duluth and Superior at the head of Lake Superior over the St Louis river may be described.

 ^ Mihrab serves the same 'spatial-spiritual point' of 'meeting' between the 'community of God' and 'the Spirit' as the "Holy of Holies" served for the one 'Mosque' in Jerusalem.
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Physical experience

.A human body, for example, may exhibit traces of a physical experience in the form of scar tissue.^ The typical Archtop is a hollow body guitar whose form is much like that of a mandolin or violin family instrument and may be acoustic or electric.
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 ^ A cycle route could be on anything - a trail, a road, even (well, in some countries) on a beach or something - and also may change its physical form all the time.
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 For more aware forms of physical experience where physicality remains important, note the popularity of extreme sports and of fairground rides. Science can measure much sensory experience as incoming signals or phenomena detectable by living entities.[3]

Mental experience

Mental experience and its relation to the physical brain form an area of philosophical debate.[4]
Mathematicians can exemplify cumulative mental experience in the approaches and skills with which they work.

Emotional experience

.Humans can rationalize falling in (and out) of love as "emotional experience". Societies which lack institutional arranged marriages can call on emotional experience in individuals to influence mate-selection.^ This would be one of several subcategories of Category:Stairways that call out individual elements of the overall stairway, others being Category:Banisters , Category:Handrails , and Category:Stair lifts .
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 [5] The concept of emotional experience also appears in the notion of emotional intelligence.[6]

Spiritual experience

Main article: Religious experience
Newberg and Newberg provide a view on spiritual experience.[7]
Mystics can describe their visions as "spiritual experiences".

Social experience

.Growing up and living within a society can foster the development and observation of social experience.^ While it is no longer grown by slaves, sugar growing in developing countries continues to this day to be associated with workers earning minimal wages and living in extreme poverty.
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 [8]

Immediacy of experience

.Someone able to recount an event they witnessed or took part in has "first hand experience". First hand experience of the "you had to be there" variety can seem especially valuable and privileged, but it often remains potentially subject to errors in sense-perception and in personal interpretation.^ June 2009 (UTC) There is no clear seperation between cannabis and hemp events, because they usually deal with both.
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 ^ They are adorned by varieties of foliage, etc.; about each arch there is a large square of arabesques; and over the pillars is another square of exquisite filigree work.
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 ^ For this reason they are often planted below potentially vulnerable windows, and used as hedges and other barriers.
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Second-hand experience can offer richer resources: recorded and/or summarised from first-hand observers or experiencers or from instruments, and potentially expressing multiple points of view.
Third-hand experience, based on indirect and possibly unreliable rumour or hearsay, can (even given reliable accounts) potentially stray perilously close to blind honouring of authority.

Subjective experience

.Subjective experience can involve a state of individual subjectivity, perception on which one builds one's own state of reality; a reality based on one’s interaction with one's environment.^ In the United States few railway companies design or build their own bridges.

 .The subjective experience depends on one’s individual ability to process data, to store and internalize it.^ Typically, when an algorithm is associated with processing information, data is read from an input source or device, written to an output sink or device, and/or stored for further use.
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 ^ Stored data is regarded as part of the internal state of the entity performing the algorithm.
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 .For example: our senses collect data, which we then process according to biological programming (genetics), neurological network-relationships and other variables such as relativity etc., all of which affect our individual experience of any given situation in such a way as to render it subjective.^ The term, so used, is often collective in sense, describing a community of Musims or Middle-Eastern people, rather than directed towards a particular individual.
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 ^ This page connects in real time through various Internet sites to pull in live examples of usage, and as such we cannot control what appears in the boxes above.
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 ^ All other gazelle species are listed as endangered, to varying degrees.
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Contexts of experience

.Experience plays an important role in experiential groups.^ The oud plays an important role in most Arab and Turkish classical music because of its ability to beautifully express music in the Arabic system of maqam.
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 [9]

Changes in experience through history

.Some post-modernists suggest that the nature of human experiencing (quite apart from the details of the experienced surrounds) has undergone qualitative change during transition from the pre-modern through the modern to the post-modern.^ Some acequias are conveyed through pipes or aqueducts, some of modern fabrication and some decades or centuries old.
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 ^ European commentators, particularly during the early period of the British Raj, suggested that some or all of the Taj was the work of European artisans.
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 [10]

Alternatives to experience

.Immanuel Kant contrasted experience with reason: "Nothing, indeed, can be more harmful or more unworthy of the philosopher, than the vulgar appeal to so-called experience.^ But we call it rail transport anyways, because we are an archival project that needs a more rigorous structure than one that has grown organically with all its inconsistencies.
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 ^ There is nothing that forbids disambiguation and in the end, there will be many more commons categories than there will be wikipedia articles, meaning that Commons will need more disambiguation than wikipedias.
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 ^ If we find more than one castles called "Bristol" they will be called "Bristol Castle (California)", "Bristol Castle (New York)", "Bristol Castle (Massachusetts)", not "Castle (Bristol) (California)" "Castle (Bristol) (New York)", "Castle (Bristol) (Massachusetts)".
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 .Such experience would never have existed at all, if at the proper time, those institutions had been established in accordance with ideas."^ The importance of a large arsenal is such that its defences would be on the scale of those of a large fortress.
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 ^ I would think that a possible solution would be to just add this IMOcat template to all of the current ship images and keep the existing category structure.
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 ^ The idea of immortality was replaced with the notion of long life; after all, man's time on Earth was simply to wait and prepare for immortality in the world of God.
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 [11]

Games

.Role-playing games treat "experience" (and its acquisition) as an important, measurable, and valuable commodity.^ Other games In the computer role-playing game series Fallout , a ghoul is a human mutated by exposure to massive amounts of radiation and the fictive FEV virus.
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 ^ In the Traveller role playing game, a planetary system near Vega is inhabited by aliens called Vegans.
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 ^ Vampire: The Masquerade In the role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade , a ghoul is a human that drinks the blood of a vampire and consequently gains an extended lifespan and supernatural powers as a result.
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 See experience point.

Writing

The American author Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote an essay entitled "Experience" (published in 1844), in which he asks readers to disregard emotions that could alienate them from the divine; it provides a somewhat pessimistic representation of the Transcendentalism associated with Emerson.

Art

In 2005 the art group Monochrom organized a series of happenings that ironically took up the implications of the term "experience": Experience the Experience

See also

References

  1. ^ Compare various contemporary definitions given in the OED (2nd edition, 1989): "[...] 3. The actual observation of facts or events, considered as a source of knowledge.[...] 4. a. The fact of being consciously the subject of a state or condition, or of being consciously affected by an event. [...] b. In religious use: A state of mind or feeling forming part of the inner religious life; the mental history (of a person) with regard to religious emotion. [...] 6. What has been experienced; the events that have taken place within the knowledge of an individual, a community, mankind at large, either during a particular period or generally. [...] 7. a. Knowledge resulting from actual observation or from what one has undergone. [...] 8. The state of having been occupied in any department of study or practice, in affairs generally, or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, or the length of time during which, one has been so occupied; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. thereby acquired."
  2. ^ Note for example Levitt, Heidi M. (1999). "The Development of Wisdom: An Analysis of Tibetan Buddhist Experience". Journal of Humanistic Psychology 39 (2): 86-105. doi:10.1177/0022167899392006. http://jhp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/2/86. Retrieved 2010-01-21. "Instead of significant events, however, they spoke of gradual experiences, such as learning through teachings day by day.". 
  3. ^ Compare: Popper, Karl R.; Eccles, John C. (1977). The self and its brain. Berlin: Springer International. p. 425. ISBN 3-540-08307-3. "You would agree, I think, that in our experience of the world everything comes to us through the senses [...]" 
  4. ^ Note for example: Christensen, Scott M.; Turner, Dale R. (1993). Folk psychology and the philosophy of mind. Routledge. p. xxi. ISBN 9780805809312. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7KU-NskafwEC. Retrieved 2009-12-01. "Some identity theorists originally argued that the identity of brain and mental states held only for a few sensations. Most theorists, however, generalized the view to cover all mental experience." 
  5. ^ Kim, Jungsik; Elaine Hatfield (2004). "Love types and subjective well-being: a cross-cultural study" (PDF). Social Behavior and Personality (Society for Personality Research) 32 (2): 173–182. http://www.elainehatfield.com/103.pdf. Retrieved 2009-12-01. "Evolutionary theory theorizes that love is just one of the emotional experiences which have been selected during the evolution process since it has helped humans find mates for reproduction [...]". 
  6. ^ Note the 1994 University of New Hampshire manuscript by J Mayer and M Kilpatrick: "Hot information processing becomes more accurate with open emotional experience", cited in Freshwater, Dawn; Theodore Stickley (2004). "The heart of the art: emotional intelligence in nurse education". Nursing Inquiry 11 (2): 91–98. 
  7. ^ Newberg, Andrew B.; Newberg, Stephanie K. (2005), "The Neuropsychology of Religious and Spiritual Experience", in Paloutzian, Raymond F.; Park, Crystal L., Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality, New York: Guilford Press, pp. 199–215, ISBN 9781572309227, http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mGscSLMA_P4C 
  8. ^ Compare: Blumin, Stuart M. (1989). The emergence of the middle class: social experience in the American city, 1760-1900. Interdisciplinary perspectives on modern history. Cambridge University Press. pp. 434. ISBN 9780521376129. http://books.google.com/books?id=cnczMnhOthgC. Retrieved 2009-12-02. 
  9. ^ Brown, Nina W. (2003) [1998]. Psychoeducational groups: process and practice (2 ed.). Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9780415946025. http://books.google.com/books?id=wJmoYdPTHtEC. Retrieved 2010-03-06. "Experiential group activities can be effective parts of psychoeducational groups." 
  10. ^ Compare: Nowotny, Helga; Plaice, Neville (1996). Time: The Modern and Postmodern Experience. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 192. ISBN 9780745618371. http://books.google.com/books?id=LtZKRkAdeqQC. Retrieved 2010-01-21. 
  11. ^ Kant, Immanuel. "Book 1, Section 1". The Critique of Pure Reason. 

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Quotes

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikiquote

Experience as a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event.

Sourced

.
  • Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.^ Evolutionary perspectives There can be no doubt that the neck and forelegs of the giraffe are long relative to the proportions found in almost all other ungulates.
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     .
  • The experience of every past moment but belies the faith of each present.^ One almanac, Poor Robin's Almanack (not to be confused with Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac ) parodied these horoscopes in its 1664 issue, saying "This month we may expect to hear of the Death of some Man, Woman, or Child, either in Kent or Christendom."
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    • Henry David Thoreau, Letter to Lidian Jackson Emerson (June 20, 1843); in The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, vol. 6, p. 88, Houghton Mifflin (1906)
  • Experience is never limited, and it is never complete; it is an immense sensibility, a kind of huge spider-web of the finest silken threads suspended in the chamber of consciousness, and catching every air-borne particle in its tissue.
  • Experience comprises illusions lost, rather than wisdom gained.
    • Joseph Roux, Meditations of a Parish Priest, pt. 4, no. 28 (1886)
  • Experience. The wisdom that enables us to recognise in an undesirable old acquaintance the folly that we have already embraced.
  • Experience is a good teacher, but she sends in terrific bills.
    • Minna Antrim, Naked Truth and Veiled Allusions, p. .99 (1901)
  • ...what we call education and culture is for the most part nothing but the substitution of reading for experience, of literature for life, [and] of the obsolete fictitious for the contemporary real...^ Nillerdk ( talk ) 14:55, 1 April 2009 (UTC) Part 2 Personally, I have the following comments (nothing being really blocking): .
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  • ‘Pure experience’ is the name I gave to the immediate flux of life which furnishes the material to our later reflection with its conceptual categories.^ At the moment I continue to sort the material in the categories I developed, because it's no problem to rename them later.
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    • William James, The Thing and Its Relations, Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912)
  • Every experience is a paradox in that it means to be absolute, and yet is relative; in that it somehow always goes beyond itself and yet never escapes itself.
    • T. S. Eliot, Eliot’s doctoral dissertation in philosophy; submitted to Harvard in 1916. Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F.H. Bradley, ch. .7, Columbia University Press (1964).
  • Experience is not a matter of having actually swum the Hellespont, or danced with the dervishes, or slept in a doss-house.^ Columbia University Press, New York.
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     It is a matter of sensibility and intuition, of seeing and hearing the significant things, of paying attention at the right moments, of understanding and coordinating. .Experience is not what happens to a man; it is what a man does with what happens to him.
  • Experience is a mere whiff or rumble, produced by enormously complex and ill-deciphered causes of experience; and in the other direction, experience is a mere peephole through which glimpses come down to us of eternal things.^ These animals, imported from Turkey, were part of the US Camel Corps experiment and used as draft animals in mines, and escaped or were released after the project fell through.
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     ^ The names of many of the builders who participated in the construction of the Taj in different capacities have come down to us through various sources.
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    • George Santayana, Letter to the Marchesa Iris Origo (May 1933) The Letters of George Santayana, ed. Daniel Cory (1955).
  • Experience is the cane of the blind.
    • Jacques Roumain, Masters of the Dew, p. 83, Les Éditeurs Français Réunis (1946)
  • Experience is a private, and a very largely speechless affair.
    • James Baldwin, In Notes of a Native Son (1955). “A .Question of Identity,” Partisan Review (New Brunswick, New Jersey, July/August 1954).
  • Experience is a dim lamp, which only lights the one who bears it.^ There is only one New Rochelle.
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     ^ Category:New Rochelle, New York should be moved to Category:New Rochelle because there is only one "New Rochelle" (Fortunately, Category:New Orleans has not been moved to Category:New Orleans, Louisiana ).
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     ^ It is a "nearby star" at only 25.3 light years (148.6 trillion miles) from Earth, and together with Arcturus and Sirius, one of the brightest stars in the Sun's neighbourhood.
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  • Experience can be merely the repetition of same error often enough.
    • John G. Azzopardi, Problems in Breast Pathology, W.B. Saunders Company Ltd London . Philadelphia - Toronto, p. 113 (1979)
  • Experience needs distance and what you write of at a distance tells not so much what you were like as what you have discovered since.
    • David Wade, On the BBC production I, William Shakespeare, London Times (May 8, 1982)
  • Experience is a great spoiler of pleasures.
    • Mason Cooley, City Aphorisms, Fourth Selection, New York (1987)

Unsourced

  • Experience is not always the kindest of teachers, but it is surely the best.
  • Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes from bad judgment.
  • Only the foolish learn from experience - the wise learn from the experience of others.
    • Attributed to Romanian folk wisdom as recorded by Rolf Hochhuth
  • Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide to the future.
  • Refusal to believe until proof is given is a rational position; denial of all outside of our own limited experience is absurd. .
    • Annie Besant
    • Quoted in Theodore Schick and Lewis Vaughn: How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age.^ Starscream ( talk ) 16:50, 5 September 2009 (UTC) "Every hearing this name, at once thinks about the New York City.
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       ^ Every hearing this name, at once thinks about the New York City.
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       Boston, McGraw Hill, 2002 (3rd edition), page 121
  • Playing Solitaire is a journey.
    • Anonymous
    • Quoted in a leading Australian high school; needs verification.

External links

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Source material

Up to date as of January 22, 2010

From Wikisource

Experience
disambiguation
.This is a disambiguation page, which lists works which share the same title.^ Meaning that there's nothing wrong with having a category called "Drawings of X" or "X sound files", in the same way Wikipedia calls some pages "List of X".
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Experience may refer to:
  • Experience, an essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
  • Experience, a poem by Edith Wharton.

Simple English

Experience is knowledge a person gets by doing something or watching someone else do it. Experience is learning through actions.

Some religious groups and teaching methods value learning by experiencing. For example, if someone want to learn about the game Chess, they would go and play several games of Chess. By making mistakes and learn from them, they learn more rather just reading about playing Chess.

Types of experience

Experience is often divided into four types:

Type Example
Body A physical activity like riding a bicycle
Mind A mental activity like playing Chess
Heart Learned from dealing with emotional situations like being in love
Soul spiritual learning by prayer

Someone who experienced by watching or doing something himself is said to have had first-hand experience.

When the first person tells another person, the other person has had second-hand experience.

When an experience is felt or enjoyed through imagined participation, the person has had a "vicarious experience".

Proverbs about Experience

  • "Only the foolish learn from experience — the wise learn from the experience of others." Romanian Proverb. (Fools go out, make their own mistakes and learn from them. Smart people learn from others' mistakes.)
  • "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other." Benjamin Franklin (Fools do not learn in school from textbooks or teachers. Fools learn from their own mistakes. They can not learn this in a school classroom.)

Other websites

  • http://www.primeguru.com (Site discontinued) Learn from other's experiences and let others learn from your experiences

Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/Experience"

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 21, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Bridge, which are similar to those in the above article.








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