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For fiction, see Extraterrestrials in fiction.
For other uses, see Alien.
A 1967 Soviet Union 16 kopeks postage stamp, with a satellite from an imagined extraterrestrial civilization.
.Extraterrestrial life is defined as life which does not originate from planet Earth.^ It has always been supposed that life originated on the Earth.
  • The Telson Spur: Field Nodes -- Visions (4): SETI (3): Extraterrestrial Life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.snark.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth .
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life is life that originated any place but on Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .The word "extraterrestrial" is derived from the Latin extra ("outside", "outwards") and terrestris ("earthly", of or relating to the Earth).^ The announcement of intelligent extraterrestrial life visiting Earth and the need to enter into peaceful relations with them."
  • Extraterrestrial UFO Life: Official US Disclosure Imminent... 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.tldm.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ This work begins with the structure of the human soul and simply extends its related architecture to other sentient extra-terrestrial life forms.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ "The phrase `extraterrestrial phenomenon' will change when it is understood that terrestrial beings are not necessarily `extra' nor are they a phenomenon!
  • The Extraterrestrial Phenomomena 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.unarius.us [Source type: Original source]

 .The existence of such life is theoretical and all assertions about it remain disputed.^ While scientists have yet to detect such life, it remains theoretically possible.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The existence of such aliens is not proved at all.
  • Alien (Extraterrestrial) - Ufopsi, the encyclopedia about UFOs and the paranormal 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.ufopsi.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Bible is silent about extraterrestrial life-forms as popularized in science fiction and the entertainment media, yet it is by no means silent about real extraterrestrial life in all its great abundance.
  • Extraterrestrial Life: What Does the Bible Say? > The Good News : January/February 1998 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.gnmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]
.Hypotheses regarding the origin(s) of extraterrestrial life, if it exists, are as follows: one proposes that it may have emerged, independently, from different places in the universe.^ So what can we learn from Scripture about extraterrestrial life and man's place in the universe?
  • Extraterrestrial Life: What Does the Bible Say? > The Good News : January/February 1998 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.gnmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth, the only place in the Universe known to support life.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One proposes that its emergence occurred independently, in different places in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .An alternative hypothesis is panspermia or exogenesis, which holds that life emerges from one location, then spreads between habitable planets.^ An alternative hypothesis is panspermia , which holds that life emerging in one location then spreads between habitable planets .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If life can spread from one planet to another through biological molecules embedded in asteroids, though, the number jumps to nearly 38,000.
  • Alien Census: Can We Estimate How Much Life Is Out There?: Scientific American 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.scientificamerican.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ And we have discovered exoplanets (extrasolar planets, that is, planets that orbit other stars) that are within their star's habitable zone, so they could possibly support life as well.
  • Who belives in extra-terrestrial life and UFO's ? - Page 4 - Meez Forums 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC forums.meez.com [Source type: Original source]

 .These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.^ These two hypotheses are not mutually incompatible.
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The study and theorization of extraterrestrial life is known as astrobiology, exobiology or xenobiology.^ Astrobiology, or xenobiology, is a branch of biology that studies life in the universe.
  • Alien (Extraterrestrial) - Ufopsi, the encyclopedia about UFOs and the paranormal 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.ufopsi.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The putative study and theorisation of ET life is known as astrobiology or xenobiology.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The study and theorization of extraterrestrial life is known as astrobiology, exobiology or xenobiology.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Speculated forms of extraterrestrial life range from life with the simplicity of bacteria to sapient or sentient beings which are more advanced than humans.^ Speculative forms of extraterrestrial life range from sapient beings to life at the scale of bacteria .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Humanity is fascinated with the concept of extraterrestrial life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life: What Does the Bible Say? > The Good News : January/February 1998 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.gnmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ EBEs are more developed or advanced than humans in a number of respects, but are not superior to humans as beings.
  • Extra-Terrestrial Life: Muhammad Naseem Khan 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.hssrd.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Suggested locations which might have once developed, or presently continue to host life similar to our own, include the planets Venus[1] and Mars, moons of Jupiter and Saturn (e.g.^ These are Venus, the Earth, Mars and Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
  • KryssTal : Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.krysstal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Suggested locations that might have once developed or continue to host life include the planets Venus [1] and Mars , natural satellites of Jupiter and Saturn (e.g.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All Nitrogen/Oxygen atmosphere planets with similar temperature and chemical composition probably eventually trend toward life.
  • What’s More Likely: That Your Vote Will Matter or That You’ll Help Discover Extraterrestrial Life? - Freakonomics Blog - NYTimes.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]

 .Europa,[2] Enceladus and Titan) and Gliese 581 c and d, recently discovered to be near Earth-mass extrasolar planets apparently located in their star's habitable zone, and with the potential to have liquid water.^ Artist's Impression of Gliese 581 c , the first extrasolar planet discovered within its star's habitable zone .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Gliese 581 c and d , recently discovered to be near Earth-mass extrasolar planets apparently located in their star's habitable zone , and having the potential to have liquid water.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing the Earth's oceans from slowly freezing solid.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [3]
.To date, no credible evidence of extraterrestrial life has been discovered which has been generally accepted by the mainstream scientific community.^ Compelling evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life .
  • Compelling evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.templeofsolomon.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Vatican and extraterrestrial life - Bloggingheads Community .
  • The Vatican and extraterrestrial life - Bloggingheads Community 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bloggingheads.tv [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ There is no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by the scientific community .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.All other proposals, including beliefs that some unidentified flying objects are of extraterrestrial origin (see extraterrestrial hypothesis) and claims of alien abduction, are considered spurious by most scientists.^ For other uses, see Extraterrestrial (disambiguation) .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Despite all the stories of alien abductions, alien autopsies, and the events at Roswell, no physical evidence has ever been shown to indicate we are truly being visited.
  • SETI Facts- Explore the Cosmos | The Planetary Society 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.planetary.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ NASA SETI researchers dismiss flying saucer reports and alien abduction stories.
  • Apologetics Press - Is There Intelligent Life in Outer Space? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.apologeticspress.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Most of UFO sightings are explained either as sightings of Earth-based aircraft or known astronomical objects, or as hoaxes.^ But as Dr. Salla explains While controversy over Adamskis contact experiences and his credibility continues, Adamskis UFO sightings and contacts with extraterrestrials were supported by an impressive collection of witnesses, photographs and films that a number of independent investigators concluded were not hoaxes.
  • Scientists Find Extraterrestrial Genes in Human DNA 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.luisprada.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But as Dr. Salla explains "While controversy over Adamski's contact experiences and his credibility continues, Adamski's UFO sightings and contacts with extraterrestrials were supported by an impressive collection of witnesses, photographs and films that a number of independent investigators concluded were not hoaxes."
  • Scientists Find Extraterrestrial Genes In Human DNA 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.rense.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Canadian National Newspaper: Scientists find Extraterrestrial genes in Human DNA 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.agoracosmopolitan.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The NTH explains UFOs as being produced by natural effects or man-made objects.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.geocentricity.com [Source type: Original source]
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE Analyzing a Mysterious Prospect 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.ldolphin.org [Source type: Original source]

 .Some sightings have remained unexplained, in some cases having been reported by trained professionals.^ Especially alarming to some is the recent rise in cases of UFO abductions and reports of encounters with hostile beings of varying form and appearance.
  • ON THE WINGS OF ANGELS: The Extraterrestrial Theology of the Hebrew Record 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblerealitycheck.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ But some UFO cases, including those described in this program, simply have not been explained, and more UFO sightings keep happening all over the world.

 ^ If that was the case, they would have shown up already, as they evidently have not (I am, of course, discounting reports of UFO sightings and alien abductions, the evidence for which is unpersuasive.
  • Extraterrestrial life & UFOs 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.webpan.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.In 2006, New Scientist published a list of ten controversial pieces of evidence that extraterrestrial life exists,[4] but scientists do not consider them credible since no direct observational evidence has been encountered.^ Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life .
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Scientifically, if extraterrestrial life exists, I'll consider that the miracle of miracles.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Extraterrestrial News : 2006 .

 .The late scientist Carl Sagan believed that it is nearly impossible for other intelligent life not to exist in the universe.^ I believe their has to be at least one other form of intelligent life in the whole universe.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The universe is teeming with intelligent life.

 ^ Do I believe there is intelligent life in the universe?
  • While extraterrestrial life may exist, "The Secret NASA Transmissions" video is not proof of it 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.naturalnews.com [Source type: General]

Contents

Possible basis of extraterrestrial life

.Several theories have been proposed about the possible basis of alien life from a biochemical, evolutionary or morphological viewpoint.^ Possible basis of extraterrestrial life .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A book about UFO and aliens with an evangelical message, good to be read, and give another perspective and possible explanation of the "physically impossible" appearance of aliens in our earth.
  • Are There Smart Kinds Of Extraterrestrial Life Outside The Earth? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Proposals to search for enantiomeric organic molecules as evidence of life are also haunted by possible abiological sources of asymmetry.
.Alien life, such as bacteria, has been theorized by scientists such as Carl Sagan to exist in our solar system and quite possibly throughout the universe although no samples have been found.^ No life has been found on any planet in our solar system with one exception.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I don't know if such life exists or not.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Are any of the planets in our Solar System inhabitable?
  • Astronomy & Space - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.multcolib.org [Source type: General]

Biochemistry

Main articles: Biochemistry, Hypothetical types of biochemistry, and Water and life
.All life on Earth requires carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus as well as numerous other elements in smaller amounts, notably minerals; it also requires water as the solvent in which biochemical reactions take place.^ However, other elements and solvents could also provide a basis for life .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All life on Earth is based on the building block element carbon with water as the solvent in which bio-chemical reactions take place.
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Main articles: Biochemistry and Alternative biochemistry All life on Earth is based on the building block element carbon with water as the solvent in which bio-chemical reactions take place.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Sufficient quantities of carbon and the other major life-forming elements, along with water, may enable the formation of living organisms on other planets with a chemical make-up and average temperature similar to that of Earth.^ It is a clear indication that life not only exists on the earth but also on other planets.
  • Extra-Terrestrial Life: Muhammad Naseem Khan 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.hssrd.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Do we share Earth with alternative life forms?
  • Extraterrestrial Life | Science News, Articles | Discover Magazine 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC discovermagazine.com [Source type: General]

 ^ I have always had an interest in life on other planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 Because Earth and other planets are made up of "star dust", i.e. relatively abundant chemical elements formed from stars which have ended their lives as supernovae, it is very probable that other planets may have been formed by elements of a similar composition to the Earth's. .The combination of carbon and water in the chemical form of carbohydrates (e.g.^ The combination of carbon and water in the chemical form of carbohydrates (e.g., sugar ), can be a source of chemical energy on which life depends, and also provide structural elements for life (such as ribose , in the molecules DNA and RNA and cellulose in plants).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Sufficient quantities of carbon and the other major life-forming elements along with water may enable the formation of living organisms on other planets with a chemical make up and average temperature similar to Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Not to mention the time necessary for the formation of life's indispensable chemical compounds, such as water, numerous compounds of carbon and oxygen, and, as far as possible, those necessary to form a liveable atmosphere, it is also necessary to wait for the patient diffusion of the more simple life forms.
  • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .sugar) can be a source of chemical energy on which life depends, and can also provide structural elements for life (such as ribose, in the molecules DNA and RNA, and cellulose in plants).^ The combination of carbon and water in the chemical form of carbohydrates (e.g., sugar ), can be a source of chemical energy on which life depends, and also provide structural elements for life (such as ribose , in the molecules DNA and RNA and cellulose in plants).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Carbon dioxide and water together enable the storage of solar energy in sugars , such as glucose .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The message contained fundamental information about humans and our corner of the universe, such as the atomic numbers of key elements and the chemical structure of DNA .
  • Howstuffworks "What are the odds there is extraterrestrial life in outer space?" 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC science.howstuffworks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Plants derive energy through the conversion of light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis.^ Plants derive energy through the conversion of light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ For example, while plant life uses photosynthesis to create energy, it also needs additional nutrients and water.
  • Long Bets - The first discovery of extraterrestrial life will be someplace other than on a planet or on a satellite of a planet. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.longbets.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Amazing Space http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/ Go on an adventure into the space through interactive games about galaxies, color and light.
  • Astronomy & Space - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.multcolib.org [Source type: General]

 .Life, as currently recognized, requires carbon in both reduced (methane derivatives) and partially-oxidized (carbon oxides) states.^ Life requires carbon in both reduced (methane derivatives) and partially-oxidized (carbon oxides) states.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It also requires nitrogen as a reduced ammonia derivative in all proteins , sulfur as a derivative of hydrogen sulfide in some necessary proteins, and phosphorus oxidized to phosphates in genetic material and in energy transfer.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But if it alien life is built on the carbon atom too, we should see biotracers in the abundances of oxygen, ozone, and methane.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 .It also appears to require nitrogen as a reduced ammonia derivative in all proteins, sulfur as a derivative of hydrogen sulfide in some necessary proteins, and phosphorus oxidized to phosphates in genetic material and in energy transfer.^ Some terrestrial bacteria have already been discovered to survive on sulfur rather than oxygen, by reducing sulfur to hydrogen sulfide.
  • Hawking Predicts Discovery of Alien Life: But Asks, Will It be Carbon Based? 25 September 2009 12:38 UTC www.dailygalaxy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ All we need is energy and some material, so that when energy is move and divereted through the material it creates what could be defined as behaviour ( does this make computers a life form and therefore mankind a god (i think not!
  • Long Bets - The first discovery of extraterrestrial life will be someplace other than on a planet or on a satellite of a planet. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.longbets.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Love stretching the mind :D Well, personally, I wouldn't assume that ALL life is based on DNA. Just need some hydrogen really.
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .Adequate water as a solvent supplies adequate oxygen as constituents of biochemical substances.^ Adequate water as a solvent supplies adequate oxygen as constituents of biochemical substances.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Main articles: Biochemistry and Alternative biochemistry All life on Earth is made up of the principal elements, carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , and phosphorus ; it also requires water as the solvent in which biochemical reactions take place.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ With the products of their biochemical processes, simple life forms supply the biosphere with necessary substances for superior life forms, which are organically more complex.
  • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Pure water is useful because it has a neutral pH due to its continued dissociation between hydroxide and hydronium ions.^ Water is useful because it has a neutral pH , and due to its continued dissociation between hydroxide and hydronium ions .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Water is useful because it has a neutral pH, and in its continued dissociation between hydroxyl and hydrate ions.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Pure water is useful because it has a neutral pH , due to its continued dissociation between hydroxide and hydronium ions .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .As a result, it can dissolve both positive metallic ions and negative non-metallic ions with equal ability.^ As a result, it can dissolve both positive metallic ions and negative non-metallic ions with equal ability.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ H 2 O → H 3 O + + OH - As a result it can dissolve both positive cations and negative anions with equal ability.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ H 2 O → H 3 O + + OH - As a result, it can dissolve both positive metallic ions and negative non metallic ions with equal ability.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Furthermore, the fact that organic molecules can be either hydrophobic (repelled by water) or hydrophilic (soluble in water) creates the ability of organic compounds to orient themselves to form water-enclosing membranes.^ Furthermore, the fact that organic molecules can be either hydrophobic (repelled by water) or hydrophilic (soluble in water) creates the ability of organic compounds to orient themselves to form water-enclosing membranes .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Furthermore, the fact that organic molecules can be either hydrophobic (repelled by water) or hydrophilic (soluble in water) creates the ability of organic compounds to orient themselves to form water enclosing membranes .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The ingredients include liquid solvents, such as water; a variety of elements, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, for constructing organic molecules; and compounds that store energy.
  • Is anybody out there? Detection devices are in the works for rooting out extraterrestrial life | Science News | Find Articles at BNET 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC findarticles.com [Source type: News]

 .The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing Earth's oceans from slowly freezing.^ The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing the Earth's oceans from slowly freezing solid.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Water in the form of vapor, ice, and oceans was detected on the Earth's surface.
  • State-of-the-art instruments for detecting extraterrestrial life — PNAS 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.pnas.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing Earth's oceans from slowly freezing solid.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Without this quality, the oceans could have frozen solid during the Snowball Earth episodes.^ The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing the Earth's oceans from slowly freezing solid.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water also means that ice floats, thereby preventing Earth's oceans from slowly freezing solid.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The proximity of this system could account for their frequent visit to Earth during their space sojourns.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Additionally, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules give it an ability to store energy with evaporation, which upon condensation is released.^ Additionally, the Van der Waals force s between water molecules gives it an ability to store energy with evaporation , which upon condensation is released.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Equally the Van der Waals forces between water molecules gives it an ability to store latent heat with evaporation, which upon condensation is released.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Additionally, the Van der Waals forces between water molecules give it an ability to store energy with evaporation , which upon condensation is released.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .This helps to moderate the climate, cooling the tropics and warming the poles, helping to maintain the thermodynamic stability needed for life.^ This helps moderate climate, cooling the tropics and warming the poles, helping to maintain a thermodynamic stability needed for life.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Also with the source of heating and cooling being stable, the wind speeds generated by basic thermodynamics would be so great as the "Stingers" fronds would be ripped to shreads.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Recent studies show that the unusually large moon of the Earth is critical in maintaining a stable tilt of the Earth's axis and the associated climatic stability required for life.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Carbon is fundamental to terrestrial life for its immense flexibility in creating covalent chemical bonds with a variety of non-metallic elements, principally nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.^ Carbon is fundamental to terrestrial life for its immense flexibility in creating covalent chemical bonds with a variety of non-metallic elements, principally nitrogen , oxygen and hydrogen .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It needs hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon to make organic material.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Carbon is fundamental to conventional terrestrial life for its immense flexibility in creating covalent chemical bonds with a variety of non-metallic elements, principally nitrogen , oxygen and hydrogen .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Carbon dioxide and water together enable the storage of solar energy in sugars, such as glucose.^ Carbon dioxide and water together enable the storage of solar energy in sugars , such as glucose .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Carbon dioxide and water together enable the storage of solar energy in sugars such as glucose.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The combination of carbon and water in the chemical form of carbohydrates (e.g., sugar ), can be a source of chemical energy on which life depends, and also provide structural elements for life (such as ribose , in the molecules DNA and RNA and cellulose in plants).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The oxidation of glucose releases biochemical energy needed to fuel all other biochemical reactions.^ The oxidation of glucose releases biochemical energy needed to fuel all other biochemical reactions.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The oxidation of glucose releases biochemical energy needed to fuel all other biochemical reactions 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sun energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + biochemical energy The ability to form organic acids (-COOH) and amine bases (NH 2 -) gives it the possibility of neutralisation dehydrating reactions to build long polymer peptides and catalytic proteins from monomer amino acids, and with phosphates to build not only DNA , the information storing molecule of inheritance, but also adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the principle energy "currency" of cellular life.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The oxidisation of glucose releases biochemical energy needed to fuel all other biochemical reactions :::6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sun energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 ::::C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + biochemical energy The ability to form organic acid s (-COOH) and amine bases (NH 2 -) gives it the possibility of neutralisation dehydrating reactions to build long polymer peptides and catalytic proteins from monomer amino acids , and with phosphate s to build not only DNA , the information storing molecule of inheritance, but also adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the principle energy "currency" of cellular life.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The ability to form organic acids (–COOH) and amine bases (–NH2) gives rise to the possibility of neutralization dehydrating reactions to build long polymer peptides and catalytic proteins from monomer amino acids, and with phosphates to build not only DNA (the information-storing molecule of inheritance), but also ATP (the principal energy "currency" of cellular life).^ Amino acids are crucial to life because they form the basis of proteins, the molecules that run cells.

 ^ The ability to form organic acids (–COOH) and amine bases (–NH 2 ) gives it the possibility of neutralisation dehydrating reactions to build long polymer peptides and catalytic proteins from monomer amino acids , and with phosphates to build not only DNA , the information storing molecule of inheritance, but also adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the principal energy "currency" of cellular life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The oxidation of glucose releases biochemical energy needed to fuel all other biochemical reactions 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sun energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + biochemical energy The ability to form organic acids (-COOH) and amine bases (NH 2 -) gives it the possibility of neutralisation dehydrating reactions to build long polymer peptides and catalytic proteins from monomer amino acids, and with phosphates to build not only DNA , the information storing molecule of inheritance, but also adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the principle energy "currency" of cellular life.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Due to their relative abundance and usefulness in sustaining life, many have hypothesized that lifeforms elsewhere in the universe would also utilize these basic materials.^ Are we alone, or is there life elsewhere in the universe?
  • E.T. The Extra Terrestrial …review and/or viewer comments | Christian Spotlight™ on the Movies | ChristianAnswers.Net 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC christiananswers.net [Source type: General]

 ^ Due to their relative abundance and usefulness in sustaining life, many have hypothesized that life forms elsewhere in the universe would also utilize these basic materials.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Given their relative abundance and usefulness in sustaining life it has long been assumed that life forms elsewhere in the universe will also utilize these basic components.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.theblackvault.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .However, other elements and solvents could also provide a basis for life.^ However, other elements and solvents could also provide a basis for life .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ However, other elements and solvents might be capable of providing a basis for life .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In a purist sense however, this is not totally proved, as it could be a 2-sided coin, it could land in it's edge or some other possibility.
  • The Skeptics Society Forum • View topic - Official disclosure of extraterrestrial life is imminent 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.skepticforum.com [Source type: General]

 .Silicon is most often deemed to be the probable alternative to carbon.^ Silicon is most often deemed to be the probable alternative to carbon.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I guess you could do Nitrogen or Silicon, but since Carbon is so darned good at doing what it does, it would probably (in most cases) smack down the competition.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: How Soon Will We Find Extraterrestrial Life? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Some sort of building block, for life on earth it is carbon, and it is most likely to be carbon elsewhere, but Silicon is another possibility.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Silicon lifeforms are proposed to have a crystalline morphology, and are theorized to be able to exist in high temperatures, such as on planets which are very close to their star.^ Silicon life forms are proposed to have a crystalline morphology, and are theorized to be able to exist in high temperatures, such as planets closer to the sun.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Silicon lifeforms are proposed to have a crystalline morphology, and are theorized to be able to exist in high temperatures, such as on planets which are very close to their star.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Very small stars provide so little heat and warmth that only planets in very close orbits around them would not be frozen solid, and in such close orbits these planets would be tidally "locked" to the star, with one side of the planet perpetually baked and the other perpetually frozen.
  • SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestial Intelligence 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Life forms based in ammonia (rather than water) have also been suggested, though this solution appears less optimal than water.^ Life forms based in ammonia rather than water are also considered, though this solution appears less optimal than water daviddarling.info Ammonia based life .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Life forms based in ammonia rather than water have also been suggested, though this solution appears less optimal than water.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Life forms based in ammonia rather than water are also considered, though less frequently.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [5]
.When looked at from a chemical perspective, life is fundamentally a self-replicating reaction, but one which could arise under a great many conditions and with various possible ingredients, though carbon-oxygen within the liquid temperature range of water seems most conducive.^ Indeed, technically life is little more than any self-replicating reaction, which could arise in a great many conditions and with various ingredients, though carbon-oxygen within the liquid temperature range of water seems most conducive.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Also, many seem to assume that liquid water is required.
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The chemical reactions of life are subtle and complex.
  • KryssTal : Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.krysstal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Suggestions have even been made that self-replicating reactions of some sort could occur within the plasma of a star, though it would be highly unconventional.^ Suggestions have even been made that self-replicating reactions of some sort could occur within the plasma of a star, though it would be highly unconventional.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Suggestions have even been made that self-replicating reactions of some sort could occur within the plasma of a star, though it would be highly unconventional, since plasma is essentially the fourth state of matter , where electrons are not bound in their orbits around atomic nucliae.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One highly respectable source reported that it is unlikely that any star within 100 light years from Earth is stable enough to support biochemical evolution.

 [6]
.Several pre-conceived ideas about the characteristics of life outside of Earth have been questioned.^ Extraterrestrial life is life originating outside of the Earth .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Not quite the same as life from outside Earth.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Several pre-conceived ideas about the characteristics of life outside of Earth have been questioned.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .For example, NASA scientists believe that the color of photosynthesizing pigments on extrasolar planets might not be green.^ For example, NASA scientists believe that the color of photosynthesizing pigments on extrasolar planets could be non-green.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This planetary habitability chart shows where life might exist on extrasolar planets based on our own Solar System and life on Earth .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They might find, an extrasolar planet with potential extraterrestial life, within the next 20-40 years.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 [7]

Evolution and morphology

.In addition to the biochemical basis of extraterrestrial life, many have also considered evolution and morphology.^ Extraterrestrial life is not as farfetched as many believe.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Possible basis of extraterrestrial life .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In addition to the biochemical basis of extraterrestrial life, many have also considered evolution and morphology .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Science fiction has often depicted extraterrestrial life with humanoid and/or reptilian forms.^ Science fiction has long shown a bias towards humanoid or (often in the case of villains) reptilian forms.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One of the intriguing aspects of astrobiology in all its forms is that matters once confined to science fiction are increasingly being discussed seriously by scientists.

 ^ Speculative forms of extraterrestrial life range from humanoid and monstrous beings seen in works of science fiction to life at the much smaller scale of bacteria .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Aliens have often been depicted as having light green or grey skin, with a large head, as well as four limbs—i.e.^ Aliens have often been depicted as having light green or grey skin, with a large head, as well as four limbs—i.e., this depiction is fundamentally humanoid.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The classical alien is light green or grey skinned, with an enormous head, small body, and the typical four limb and two to five digit structure—i.e., it is fundamentally humanoid with a large brain to indicate great intelligence.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The classical alien is light green or grey skinned, with a large head, and the typical four limb and two to five digit structure"i.e., it is fundamentally humanoid with a large brain to indicate great intelligence.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 fundamentally humanoid. .Other subjects, such as felines and insects, etc., have also occurred in fictional representations of aliens.^ Other subjects from animal mythos such as felines and insects have also featured strongly in fictional representations of aliens.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Other subjects such as felines and insects have also occurred in fictional representations of aliens.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ My first thought was to tell him that his proposal is ridiculous and a totally faith based hope (no such thing as aliens etc...
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]
.A division has been suggested between universal and parochial (narrowly restricted) characteristics.^ In considering the subject more seriously, a useful division has been suggested between universal and parochial (narrowly restricted) characteristics.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A division has been suggested between universal and parochial (narrowly restricted) characteristics.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Universals are features which are thought to have evolved independently more than once on Earth (and thus, presumably, are not too difficult to develop) and are so intrinsically useful that species will inevitably tend towards them.^ Universals are features which have evolved independently more than once on Earth (and thus presumably are not difficult to develop) and are so intrinsically useful that species will inevitably tend towards them.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In the last 13 years, astronomers have used such remote-sending tools to catalog more than 300 planets outside the solar system.
  • A serious search for extraterrestrial life | Philadelphia Inquirer | 05/21/2009 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.philly.com [Source type: News]

 ^ It is a assumption, that as a intelligent species society developes, the attempt to find another intelligent species would occur through the use of technology, and that the two would share open discussion of knowledge.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 .These include flight, sight, photosynthesis and limbs, all of which are thought to have evolved several times here on Earth.^ These include flight , sight , photosynthesis and limbs , all of which have evolved several times here on Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These include flight, sight, photosynthesis and limbs, all of which have evolved several times here on Earth with differing materialization.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These include flight , sight , photosynthesis and limbs , all of which have evolved several times here on Earth with differing materialization.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .There is a huge variety of eyes, for example, and many of these have radically different working schematics and different visual foci: the visual spectrum, infrared, polarity and echolocation.^ There is a huge variety of eyes , for example, and many of these have radically different working schematics and different visual foci: the visual spectrum , infrared , polarity and echolocation .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We work from many different vantage points.
  • The Extraterrestrial Phenomomena 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.unarius.us [Source type: Original source]

 ^ "This establishes the fact that there are people living who are moving through these patterns of life and who have gained different degrees of development.
  • The Extraterrestrial Phenomomena 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.unarius.us [Source type: Original source]

 .Parochials, however, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms.^ Parochials, however, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Parochials, by contrast, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms which often serve little utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Because the prime source of the energy required to sustain life for evolutionary periods is the sun, photosynthetic forms seem essential in any extraterrestrial population.
  • Experiments and Instrumentation for Extraterrestrial Life Detection 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC mars.spherix.com [Source type: Academic]

 .These often have little inherent utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated.^ These often have little inherent utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Parochials, by contrast, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms which often serve little utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These widely heard stories often have little basis in fact and are at best dubious.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.geocities.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Drake Equation and Extraterrestrial Life, a Brief Overview - UFO Evidence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.ufoevidence.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Intelligent aliens could communicate through gestures, as deaf humans do, or by sounds created from structures unrelated to breathing, which happens on Earth when, for instance, cicadas vibrate their wings, or crickets rub their legs.^ Alien civilizations could be as varied as the means of interstellar communication.
  • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Players have control over the creature from its first breath, advancing the species by adding legs, wings, horns and other body parts.

 ^ "Just like there is an abundance of creatures on earth, there could also be other beings, even intelligent ones, that were created by God.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]
.Attempting to define parochial features challenges many taken-for-granted notions about morphological necessity.^ Attempting to define parochial features challenges many taken-for-granted notions about morphological necessity.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ You've got to destroy all concepts of what we define as "life" when thinking about the notion of intelligent beings.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Skeletons, which are essential to large terrestrial organisms according to the experts of the field of gravitational biology, are almost assured to be replicated elsewhere in one form or another.^ Skeletons , which are essential to large terrestrial organisms according to the experts of the field of Gravitational biology , are almost assuredly to be replicated elsewhere in one form or another.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Energy in one form or another described as food in simple terms might be gathered in a biosystem through solar radiation or possibly a more creative method based on thermal or gravitational differences.
  • Long Bets - The first discovery of extraterrestrial life will be someplace other than on a planet or on a satellite of a planet. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.longbets.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Parochials, by contrast, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms which often serve little utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Many also conjecture as to some type of egg-laying amongst extraterrestrial creatures, but mammalian mammary glands might be a singular case.^ Many also conjecture as to some type of egg laying amongst extraterrestrial creatures but mammalian mammary glands might be a singular case.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Similarly, it is reasonable to expect some type of egg laying amongst off-Earth creatures but the mammary glands which set apart mammals may be a singular case.
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fred Hoyle has proposed that life might exist on comets, as some Earth microbes managed to survive on a lunar probe for many years.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The assumption of radical diversity amongst putative extraterrestrials is by no means settled.^ The assumption of radical diversity amongst putative extraterrestrials is by no means settled.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This is no mean feat and suggests that the extraterrestrials had taken the time to learn the road traffic rules and how to navigate through Los Angeles .

 ^ This is no mean feat and suggests that the extraterrestrials had taken the time to learn the road traffic rules and how to navigate through Los Angeles.

 .While many exobiologists do stress that the enormously heterogeneous nature of life on Earth foregrounds an even greater variety in space, others point out that convergent evolution may dictate substantial similarities between Earth and extraterrestrial life.^ Extraterrestrial life is not as farfetched as many believe.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ While many exobiologists do stress that the enormously heterogeneous nature of Earth life foregrounds even greater variety in space, others point out that convergent evolution dictates substantial similarities between Earth and off-Earth life.
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.book-of-thoth.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We can look at the evolution of life on Earth for guidance.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .These two schools of thought are called "divergionism" and "convergionism" respectively.^ These two schools of thought are called "divergionism" and "convergionism", respectively daviddarling.info Variety of extraterrestrial life .
  • Extraterrestrial life at AllExperts 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [6]

Beliefs in extraterrestrial life

Ancient and early modern ideas

See also: Cosmic pluralism and Ancient astronauts
.The first important Western thinkers to argue systematically for a universe full of other planets and, therefore, possible extraterrestrial life were the ancient Greek writer Thales and his student Anaximander in the 7th and 6th centuries B.C.[citation needed] The atomists of Greece took up the idea, arguing that an infinite universe ought to have an infinity of populated worlds.^ For example, in the 6th century B.C., the Greek philosopher Anaximander discussed the possibility of a “plurality of worlds”.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I have always had an interest in life on other planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The discovery may have important implications in the search for life on other planets.

 .Ancient Greek cosmology worked against the idea of extraterrestrial life in one critical respect, however: the geocentric universe.^ Ancient Greek cosmology worked against the idea of extraterrestrial life in one critical respect, however: the geocentric universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Graham, Robert W. Extraterrestrial life in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Sharing the universe: perspectives on extraterrestrial life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .Championed by Aristotle and codified by Ptolemy, it favored the Earth and Earth-life (Aristotle denied that there could be a plurality of worlds) and seemingly rendered extraterrestrial life philosophically untenable.^ Aristotle denied that there could be a plurality of worlds.
  • Alien Ideas Christianity and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.catholiceducation.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Championed by Aristotle and codified by Ptolemy , it favored the Earth and Earth-life (Aristotle denied there could be a plurality of worlds) and seemingly rendered extraterrestrial life philosophically untenable.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Of course, if there could not be a plurality of worlds, then the question of extraterrestrials was moot.
  • Alien Ideas Christianity and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.catholiceducation.org [Source type: Original source]

 .Lucian of Samosata, in his novels, described inhabitants of the Moon and other celestial bodies as humanoids, but significantly different from humans.^ Lucian in his novels described inhabitants of the Moon and other celestial bodies as humanoids, but with significant differences from humans.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Celestials have played leading roles in helping humanity deal with extraterrestrial entities or other life forms that have the power to significantly impact on human civilization.
  • The history of exopolitics 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC exopoliticsjournal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ No other living animals have these abilities, and probably the extinct hominids had them in a primitive, initial stage, setting the difference with other non-human primates.

 [citation needed]
.Authors of Jewish sources also considered extraterrestrial life.^ Giordano Bruno , De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi, 1584 Photo courtesy of P.C. Authors of Jewish sources also considered extraterrestrial life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Because the prime source of the energy required to sustain life for evolutionary periods is the sun, photosynthetic forms seem essential in any extraterrestrial population.
  • Experiments and Instrumentation for Extraterrestrial Life Detection 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC mars.spherix.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Most mainstream scientists don't like to consider the possibility that intelligent extraterrestrial life might find us first.

 .The Talmud states that there are at least 18,000 other worlds, but provides little elaboration on the nature of those worlds, or on whether they are physical or spiritual.^ The Talmud states that there are at least 18,000 other worlds, but provides little elaboration on the nature of the worlds and on whether they are physical or spiritual.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We wish thereby to heighten the pressure on NASA to provide more and better photographs and other scientific data from the area and to eventually launch a manned mission there."
  • Crank Dot Net | extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.crank.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They stated that their planet was dying and that at some unknown future time they would no longer be able to survive there.
  • Eisenhower Meets Extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.exopolitics.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Based on this, however, the 18th century exposition "Sefer HaB'rit" posits that extraterrestrial creatures exist, and that some may well possess intelligence.^ Based on this, however, the 18th century exposition "Sefer HaB'rit" posits that extraterrestrial creatures exist but that they have no free will (and are thus equivalent to animal life).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Many also conjecture as to some type of egg laying amongst extraterrestrial creatures but mammalian mammary glands might be a singular case.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In brief, we may pride ourselves on TI , but "what if" on some grand cosmic scale, we have in fact no intelligence so to speak of?
  • 1977SETIPaper 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.csuchico.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .It adds that humans should not expect creatures from another world to resemble earthly life any more than sea creatures resemble land animals.^ More hints of life on Enceladus and what we should...

 ^ It adds that human beings should not expect creatures from another world to resemble earthly life, any more than sea creatures resemble land animals.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Sefer Habris goes on to say that we should not expect the creatures of another world to resemble earthly life, any more than sea creatures resemble those of land.
  • InnerNet: Jewish CyberMag 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.innernet.org.il [Source type: Original source]

 [8][9]
.Hindu beliefs of endlessly repeated cycles of life have led to descriptions of multiple worlds in existence and their mutual contacts (Sanskrit word sampark (सम्पर्क) means "contact" as in Mahasamparka (महासम्पर्क) = "the great contact").^ Hindu beliefs of endlessly repeated cycles of life have led to descriptions of multiple worlds in existence and their mutual contacts ( Sanskrit word Sampark (समपर्क) means 'contact' as in Mahasamparka (मह‌समपर्क) = the great contact).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Apart from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the existence of unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We do not have "obvious evidence" about the existence of life forms on other worlds in our Universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC biocab.org [Source type: Original source]

 .According to Hindu scriptures, there are innumerable universes to facilitate the fulfillment of the separated desires of innumerable living entities.^ According to Hindu scriptures there are innumerable universes created by the Supreme Personality of Godhead to facilitate the fulfillment of the separated desires of innumerable living entities.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Apart from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the existence of unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If there is physical intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, God created it according to his own good, pleasing and perfect purpose.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 .However, the purpose of such creations is to bring back the deluded souls to correct understanding about the purpose of life.^ However, the purpose of such creations is to bring back the deluded souls to correct understanding about the purpose of life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ However, far from invoking a Creator, their intended point is simply that the available evidence indicates that life is too complex to have occurred here on the Earth by purely naturalistic processes.
  • Apologetics Press - Is There Intelligent Life in Outer Space? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.apologeticspress.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ THE MAP OF "THE CREATOR" indicates sentient life on Earth at such a time.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Aside from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.^ Apart from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the existence of unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The spiritually aspiring saints and devotees as well as thoughtful men of material world have been getting guidance and help from these purified living entities of spiritual world from time immemorial.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Although its existence remains purely hypothetical, due to the lack of universally accepted scientific evidence, there are several hypotheses about how and where life might have emerged elsewhere in the Universe, and whether or not those origins resemble the origins of life on Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .The spiritually aspiring saints and devotees, as well as thoughtful men of the material world, have been getting guidance and help from these purified living entities of the spiritual world from time immemorial.^ Living being inhabit these worlds."
  • Intelligent Life in the Universe and Exotheology in Christianity and the Baha'i Writings 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bahai-library.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The spiritually aspiring saints and devotees as well as thoughtful men of material world have been getting guidance and help from these purified living entities of spiritual world from time immemorial.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Apart from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the existence of unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .However, the relevance of such descriptions has to be evaluated in the context of a correct understanding of geography and science at those times.^ However, the relevance of such descriptions has to be evaluated in the context of a correct understanding of geography and science at those times.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We are, therefore, part of a universal Life Force properly known at this time in the 20th century as a Universal Articulate Interdimensional Understanding of Science Unarius.
  • The Extraterrestrial Phenomomena 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.unarius.us [Source type: Original source]

 ^ However, the purpose of such creations is to bring back the deluded souls to correct understanding about the purpose of life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Within Islam, the statement of the Qur'an "All praise belongs to God, Lord of all the worlds" indicates multiple universal bodies, and maybe even multiple universes, which may indicate extraterrestrial and even extradimensional life.^ All posts tagged ‘extraterrestrial life’ .
  • Extraterrestrial Life | Wired Science | Wired.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.wired.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Graham, Robert W. Extraterrestrial life in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Sharing the universe: perspectives on extraterrestrial life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .Surat Al-Jinn also mentioned a statement from a Jinn regarding the current status and ability of his group in the heavens.^ Surat Al-Jinn also mentioned a statement from a Jinn regarding the current status and ability of his group in the heavens.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.According to Ahmadiyya Islam a more direct reference from the Quran is presented by Mirza Tahir Ahmad as a proof that life on other planets may exist according to the Quran.^ The fact that we exist is proof enough that life outside our planet exists.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ I have always had an interest in life on other planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ We know other life exists in the universe.
  • American Federal official disclosure of extraterrestrial life is imminent 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.escapistmagazine.com [Source type: General]

 .In his book, Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth, he quotes verse 42:29 "And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and of whatever living creatures (da'bbah) He has spread forth in both..."; according to this verse there is life in heavens.^ In his book, Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth , he quotes verse 42:29 "And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and of whatever living creatures (da'bbah) He has spread forth in both..."; according to this verse there is life in heavens.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Championed by Aristotle and codified by Ptolemy , it favored the Earth and Earth-life (Aristotle denied there could be a plurality of worlds) and seemingly rendered extraterrestrial life philosophically untenable.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Apart from the innumerable universes which are material, there is also the existence of unlimited spiritual world, where the purified living entities live with perfect conception about life and ultimate reality.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .According to the same verse "And He has the power to gather them together (jam-'i-him) when He will so please"; indicates the bringing together the life on Earth and the life elsewhere in the universe.^ We already know that there is life elsewhere in the universe than on the earth.
  • 1977SETIPaper 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.csuchico.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Not quite the same as life from outside Earth.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 ^ According to the same verse "And He has the power to gather them together (jam-'i-him) when He will so please"; indicates the bringing together the life on Earth and the life elsewhere in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The verse does not specify the time or the place of this meeting but rather states that this event will most certainly come to pass whenever God so desires.^ The verse does not specify the time or the place of this meeting but rather states that this event will most certainly come to pass whenever God so desires.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Speaking of the verse (Song of Songs 6:8), "Worlds without number," the Tikunei Zohar states: "The stars certainly are without number.
  • InnerNet: Jewish CyberMag 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.innernet.org.il [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The celebration of the Holy Mass, for example, applies the fruit of the same historical event to different times and places without multiplying it.
  • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It should be pointed out that the Arabic term Jam-i-him used to express the gathering event can imply either a physical encounter or a contact through communication.^ It should be pointed out that the Arabic term Jam-i-him used to express the gathering event can imply either a physical encounter or a contact through communication.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We communicate on several levels at once, as Hall has pointed out in his variety of volumes (such as The Silent Language , 1959; The Hidden Dimension, 1969; and Beyond Culture , 1977), and in the transition/translation between the "idea" and the "word" used to express that idea and the "thing" which might be created to express that idea and the ultimate "behavior" as a result of that idea, various aspects can be "lost in translation" as we move through the various modes of communication.
  • 1977SETIPaper 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.csuchico.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ It has been pointed out by some ‘whistleblowers’ that making retractions or sowing inaccuracies in testimonies is sometimes essential in disseminating information without being physically harmed.
  • Eisenhower Meets Extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.exopolitics.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [10]
.In Shia Islam the 6th Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq has been quoted as saying that there are living beings on other planets.^ To be sure that anything found on other planets is or not a living being, we can try to detect the Proton Motile Force (PMF).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC biocab.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ There are trillions of suns in our galaxy identical to the sun that sustains all living beings on Earth (the first factual statement has changed to an abstraction).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC biocab.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Let us say that the life exists because of all the "other planets".
  • Are There Smart Kinds Of Extraterrestrial Life Outside The Earth? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]

 .He has also stated that they may be more intelligent or advanced than humans.^ However, they are not more intelligent than us.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ They are generally taller and thinner than humans, due to the gravity on Albion being 90% of what it is on earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It's sad to think that although there may be thousands of intelligent beings its unlikely that they will ever meet each other.
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]

 [citation needed]
.When Christianity spread throughout the West, the Ptolemaic system became very widely accepted, and although the Church never issued any formal pronouncement on the question of alien life[11], at least tacitly, the idea was aberrant.^ When Christianity spread throughout the West, the Ptolemaic system became very widely accepted, and although the Church never issued any formal pronouncement on the question of alien life [10] at least tacitly the idea was aberrant.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Given the antiquity of the question, we might be even more surprised to find that the Catholic Church has never issued any formal pronouncement, one way or the other, about the existence of extraterrestrial life.
  • Alien Ideas Christianity and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.catholiceducation.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ It is a profoundly interesting question because it raises issues about the origins of life and our place in the physical and spiritual universe.
  • Intelligent Life in the Universe and Exotheology in Christianity and the Baha'i Writings 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bahai-library.com [Source type: Original source]

 .In 1277, the Bishop of Paris, Étienne Tempier, did overturn Aristotle on one point: God could have created more than one world (given His omnipotence).^ In principle, one could do much more.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Sefer Habris goes on to say that we should not expect the creatures of another world to resemble earthly life, any more than sea creatures resemble those of land.
  • InnerNet: Jewish CyberMag 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.innernet.org.il [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Some sources state that by contemplating the greatness of the universe, one can begin to comprehend that of God, and thereby fear Him all the more (Maimonides - Foundations of Torah 2:2).
  • InnerNet: Jewish CyberMag 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.innernet.org.il [Source type: Original source]

 .Taking a further step, and arguing that aliens actually existed, remained rare.^ Taking a further step and arguing that aliens actually existed remained rare.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The basic idea is that intelligent life in the universe is rare or unique 1 - the press release argues for unique - because the evolutionary steps that are necessary to evolve intelligence are unlikely.
  • Blue Collar Scientist » extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bluecollarscientist.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Notably, Cardinal Nicholas of Kues speculated about aliens on the moon and sun.^ Notably, Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa speculated about aliens on the moon and sun .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fifteenth-century Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa not only recognized that the universe can have no center, but also suggested the possibility of other earth-like planets, including more illustrious extraterrestrials close to the sun and lunatics on the moon.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ September 2006 at 09:58 am I think we should stop speculating about the possibility of alien seeds and send out our own.
  • Damn Interesting • Did Extraterrestrial Life Rain Over India? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.damninteresting.com [Source type: Original source]
Giordano Bruno, De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi, 1584
.There was a dramatic shift in thinking initiated by the invention of the telescope and the Copernican assault on geocentric cosmology.^ There was a dramatic shift in thinking initiated by the invention of the telescope and the Copernican assault on geocentric cosmology.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Once it became clear that the Earth was merely one planet amongst countless bodies in the universe, the extraterrestrial idea moved towards the scientific mainstream.^ Once it became clear that the Earth was merely one planet amongst countless bodies in the universe the extraterrestrial idea moved towards the scientific mainstream.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We are but one tiny planet in an infinitte universe.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Universals are features which have evolved independently more than once on Earth (and thus presumably are not difficult to develop) and are so intrinsically useful that species will inevitably tend towards them.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .God's omnipotence, it could be argued, not only allowed for other worlds and other life; on some level, it necessitated them.^ God's omnipotence, it could be argued, not only allowed for other worlds and other life, on some level it necessitated them.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Championed by Aristotle and codified by Ptolemy , it favored the Earth and Earth-life (Aristotle denied there could be a plurality of worlds) and seemingly rendered extraterrestrial life philosophically untenable.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In 1277 the Bishop of Paris , Étienne Tempier , did overturn Aristotle on one point: God could have created more than one world (given His omnipotence) yet we know by revelation He only made one.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The best known early-modern proponent of such ideas was the Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno, who argued in the 16th century for an infinite universe in which every star is surrounded by its own solar system.^ Ancient and early modern ideas .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The best known early-modern proponent of such ideas was Giordano Bruno , who argued in the 16th century for an infinite universe in which every star is surrounded by its own solar system; he was eventually burned at the stake by the Catholic church for his heretical ideas.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Public expression of such concepts could be dangerous, however; Giordano Bruno was martyred in 1600 for, among other things, imagining an infinite number of other worlds, and claiming that "Innumerable suns exist; innumerable Earths revolve about these suns ...
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Bruno's thoughts about God and the universe led to his eventual condemnation as a heretic by the Catholic church, as a result of which he was burned at the stake.^ The best known early-modern proponent of such ideas was Giordano Bruno , who argued in the 16th century for an infinite universe in which every star is surrounded by its own solar system; he was eventually burned at the stake by the Catholic church for his heretical ideas.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Roman Catholic theologian and former president of the University of Notre Dame, Father Theodore M. Hesburgh, is enthusiastic about this idea: .
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Inquisition eventually caught up with him, imprisoned him for 8 years, convicted him of heresy, and burned him at the stake in Rome in 1600.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In the early 17th century the Czech astronomer Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita mused that "if Jupiter has (...) inhabitants (...) they must be larger and more beautiful than the inhabitants of the .Earth, in proportion to the [characteristics] of the two spheres".[12] Dominican monk Tommaso Campanella wrote about a Solarian alien race in his Civitas Solis.^ Dominican monk Tommaso Campanella wrote about a Solarian alien race in his Civitas Solis .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In the early 17th century the Czech astronomer Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita mused that "if Jupiter has…inhabitants…they must be larger and more beautiful than the inhabitants of the Earth, in proportion to the [characteristics] of the two spheres."
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All of the people I worked with were so excited about the space race and the possible chance of discovering aliens on other worlds.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 .The Catholic Church has not made a formal ruling on the existence of extraterrestrials.^ This follows the statement made last year by the Pope's chief astronomer, Father Gabriel Funes, that the existence of extraterrestrials does not preclude a belief in God, and that it's a question to be explored by the Catholic Church.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The conference was meant to focus on the scientific perspective on the subject of the existence of extraterrestrial life, and pulled in perspectives from atheist scientists and Catholic leaders alike.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ But remember you have made quite a few unfounded attacks on the Catholic Church.
  • In Good Faith: Vatican looking for E.T. - A blog for news and discussion on matters of faith - baltimoresun.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC weblogs.baltimoresun.com [Source type: General]

 .However, writing in the Vatican newspaper, the astronomer, Father José Gabriel Funes, director of the Vatican Observatory near Rome, said in 2008 that intelligent beings created by God could exist in outer space.^ Is not God in the height of outer space?
  • ON THE WINGS OF ANGELS: The Extraterrestrial Theology of the Hebrew Record 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblerealitycheck.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Father Jose Funes, director of the Vatican Observatory, became the Catholic Church’s chief evangelist this week spreading the notion that alien life is compatible with Christianity.

 ^ The Rev. José Funes, the Jesuit priest who heads the Vatican Observatory, tells CNS that discoveries of life in inhospitable conditions on Earth, such as rock-eating microbes found deep beneath the ocean floor, suggest that life may also exist on other worlds.
  • In Good Faith: Vatican looking for E.T. - A blog for news and discussion on matters of faith - baltimoresun.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC weblogs.baltimoresun.com [Source type: General]

 [13][14]
.Such comparisons also appeared in poetry of the era.^ Such comparisons also appeared in poetry of the era.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In "The Creation: a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books" (1712), Sir Richard Blackmore observed: "We may pronounce each orb sustains a race / Of living things adapted to the place". The didactic poet Henry More took up the classical theme of the Greek Democritus in "Democritus Platonissans, or an Essay Upon the Infinity of Worlds" (1647).^ The didactic poet Henry More took up the classical theme of Cosmic pluralism of the Greek Democritus in "Democritus Platonissans, or an Essay Upon the Infinity of Worlds" (1647).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The didactic poet Henry More took up the classical theme of the Greek Democritus in "Democritus Platonissans, or an Essay Upon the Infinity of Worlds" (1647).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In "The Creation: a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books" (1712) Sir Richard Blackmore observed: "We may pronounce each orb sustains a race / Of living things adapted to the place".
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .With the new relative viewpoint that the Copernican revolution had wrought, he suggested "our world's sunne / Becomes a starre elsewhere". Fontanelle's "Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds" (translated into English in 1686) offered similar excursions on the possibility of extraterrestrial life, expanding, rather than denying, the creative sphere of a Maker.^ Fontanelle 's "Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds" (translated into English in 1686) offered similar excursions on the possibility of extraterrestrial life, expanding rather than denying the creative sphere of a Maker.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Conversations on the plurality of worlds.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ This is good news for seekers of extraterrestrial life.
  • KryssTal : Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.krysstal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The possibility of extraterrestrials remained a widespread speculation as scientific discovery accelerated.^ The possibility of extraterrestrials remained a widespread speculation as scientific discovery accelerated.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The discovery of extraterrestrial life would be the most dramatic scientific, social and religious event in history.
  • KryssTal : Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.krysstal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ With the rise of modern science and the development of radio astronomy, a new faith has emerged for some scientific visionaries, who believe in the possibility of extraterrestrial material life.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .William Herschel, the discoverer of Uranus, was one of many 18th-19th century astronomers convinced that our Solar System, and perhaps others, would be well-populated by alien life.^ No life has been found on any planet in our solar system with one exception.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Are any of the planets in our Solar System inhabitable?
  • Astronomy & Space - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.multcolib.org [Source type: General]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life in the Solar System .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Other luminaries of the period who championed "cosmic pluralism" included Immanuel Kant and Benjamin Franklin.^ Other contactees who were monitored by the FBI according to declassified documents included Daniel Fry, George Hunt Williamson, and Truman Bethurum.

 .At the height of the Enlightenment, even the Sun and Moon were considered candidates for extraterrestrial inhabitants.^ At the height of the Enlightenment even the Sun and Moon were considered candidates for extraterrestrial inhabitants.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The moon was decisively ruled out as a possibility while Venus and Mars , long the two main candidates for extraterrestrials, showed no obvious evidence of current life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This belief led the Dominican monk, Giordano Bruno, to suggest that there might be an infinite number of suns with inhabited planets and that even stars might be inhabited.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Extraterrestrials and the modern era

The Arecibo message is a digital message sent to globular star cluster M13, and is a well-known symbol of human attempts to contact extraterrestrials.
.This enthusiasm toward the possibility of alien life continued well into the 20th century.^ This enthusiasm toward the possibility of alien life continued well into the 20th century.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ William Herschel , the discoverer of Uranus , was one of many 18th-19th century astronomers convinced that our Solar System, and perhaps others, would be well populated by alien life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Liquid methane lakes, help SETI discover alien life and the possibility of noncorporeal life .

 .Indeed, the (roughly) three centuries from the Scientific Revolution through to the beginning of the modern era of solar system probes were essentially the zenith for belief in extraterrestrials in the West.^ Indeed, the roughly three centuries from the Scientific Revolution through the beginning of the modern era of solar system probes were essentially the zenith for belief in extraterrestrials in the West.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Extraterrestrials and the modern era .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life in the Solar System .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Many astronomers and other secular thinkers, at least some religious thinkers, and much of the general public were largely satisfied that aliens were a reality.^ The recent discovery of so many worlds around other suns, though, has renewed her resolve -- and so has the prospect of greater public support.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This is a truly interdisciplinary symposium which will bring together planetary scientists, biologists, astronomers and geologists and would generate a lot of interest for general public.

 ^ Secular scholars in many fields of study may want to give a new, open-minded consideration of the Hebrew record and other religious texts from the ancient world that document historical contact with extraterrestrials and their technology.
  • ON THE WINGS OF ANGELS: The Extraterrestrial Theology of the Hebrew Record 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblerealitycheck.com [Source type: Original source]

 .This trend was finally tempered as actual probes visited potential alien abodes in the solar system.^ This trend was finally tempered as actual probes visited potential alien abodes in the solar system.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Another solar system’s Kuiper Belt, how to impress an alien civilization and the Exorarium .

 ^ Abodes - This past October, scientists confirmed the discovery of the first rocky planet outside our solar system.

 .The moon was decisively ruled out as a possibility, while Venus and Mars, long the two main candidates for extraterrestrials, showed no obvious evidence of current life.^ Fresh evidence for life on Mars?

 ^ But panspermia fell out of favor, as did many ideas about extraterrestrial life, when Mariner 9 returned images of Mars showing it to be a rocky, desolate wasteland.
  • Damn Interesting • Did Extraterrestrial Life Rain Over India? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.damninteresting.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Human scientific minds, collectively might discover extraterrestial life--bacteria on Mars, Venus, or Europa, all within the next 20-40 years.
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 .The other large moons of our system which have been visited appear similarly lifeless, though the interesting geothermic forces observed (Io's volcanism, Europa's ocean, Titan's thick atmosphere) have underscored how broad the range of potentially habitable environments may be.^ Determining potential for habitable environments o...

 ^ But, it’s possible that the gas giant has a system of potentially habitable moons.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Within our own Solar System the focus of the search has been on Mars, Venus and a number of planetary moons, such as Europa.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]
.Although the hypothesis of a deliberate cosmic silence of advanced extraterrestrials is also a possibility,[15] the failure of the SETI program to announce an intelligent radio signal after four decades of effort has at least partially dimmed the prevailing optimism of the beginning of the space age.^ Although the hypothesis of a deliberate cosmic silence of advanced extraterrestrials is also a possibility, [12] the failure of the SETI program to detect anything resembling an intelligent radio signal after four decades of effort has partially dimmed the optimism that prevailed at the beginning of the space age.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A mysterious radio signal is received by the SETI project on three occasions - from the same region of space .
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Emboldened critics view the search for extraterrestrials as unscientific, despite the fact the SETI program is not the result of a continuous, dedicated search but instead utilizes what resources and manpower it can, when it can.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Notwithstanding, the unproven belief in extraterrestrial beings is voiced (not as a hypothesis) in pseudoscience, conspiracy theories in popular folklore like about 'Area 51' and legends.^ Again, I’m not particularly worried about that being likely.
  • Astronomy Cast - Ep. 110: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.astronomycast.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The concept of planets like Aurelia with only partial areas available for life to exist was amazing (the rest being taken over by freezing temperatures and hurricane tempests!
  • Extraterrestrial Blog: Will Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Look Like Us? 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC blogs2.nationalgeographic.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ When we consider how the salvation plan might apply to any hypothetical extraterrestrial (but otherwise human-like) beings, we are presented with a problem.
  • Blue Collar Scientist » extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bluecollarscientist.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Emboldened critics view the search for extraterrestrials as unscientific, despite the fact that the SETI program is not the result of a continuous, dedicated search, but instead utilizes what resources and manpower it can, when it can.^ Martian geology, broadened search strategy for ET and how proof of extraterrestrial intelligence affect humanity’s ‘world’ view .

 ^ The idea of a plurality of worlds has a long history, but the scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) began only about forty years ago.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Despite this setback, more than 100 million dollars of taxpayer money was spent on SETI programs in the 1980s.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Furthermore, the SETI program only searches a limited range of frequencies at any one time.^ Emboldened critics view the search for extraterrestrials as unscientific, despite the fact the SETI program is not the result of a continuous, dedicated search but instead utilizes what resources and manpower it can, when it can.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The idea of a plurality of worlds has a long history, but the scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) began only about forty years ago.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Furthermore, natural sources of radiation from space usually cover a wider range of frequencies.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 [16]
.Thus, the three decades preceding the turn of the second millennium saw a crossroads reached in beliefs in alien life.^ Thus, the three decades preceding the turn of the second millennium saw a crossroads reached in beliefs in alien life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I have reached a single conclusion, we have indeed been sent messages by alien or extraterrestrial life.
  • AMO.NET - We made Contact. - The Arecibo "Crop Formation" reply from extraterrestrial life. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC amo.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Thus many extraterrestrials, perhaps with advanced medicine giving them life spans of several millennia or longer, should have reached us by now.
  • Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.asa3.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The prospect of ubiquitous, intelligent, space-faring civilizations in our galaxy appears increasingly dubious to many scientists.^ This formula estimates the number of intelligent civilizations in our galaxy.

 ^ Many of these figures are open to wide debate, but Drake himself estimates the final number of communicating civilisations in the galaxy to be about 10,000.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ NIDS is particularly interested in phenomena that appear to be under intelligent guidance and in the possible habitation of space by intelligent life.
  • Crank Dot Net | extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.crank.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Still, in the words of SETI's Frank Drake, "All we know for sure is that the sky is not littered with powerful microwave transmitters".[17] Drake has also noted that it is entirely possible that advanced technology results in communication being carried out in some way other than conventional radio transmission.^ Says Frank Drake of the SETI Institute: "All we know for sure is that the sky is not littered with powerful microwave transmitters."
  • SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.vectorsite.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Still, in the words of SETI's Frank Drake , "All we know for sure is that the sky is not littered with powerful microwave transmitters."
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Drake has also noted that it is entirely possible advanced technology results in communication being carried out in some way other than conventional radio transmission.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .At the same time, the data returned by space probes, and giant strides in detection methods, have allowed science to begin delineating habitability criteria on other worlds, and to confirm that at least other planets are plentiful, though aliens remain a question mark.^ At the same time, the data returned by space probes and giant strides in detection methods have allowed science to begin delineating habitability criteria on other worlds and to confirm that, at least, other planets are plentiful though aliens remain a question mark.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The recent discovery of so many worlds around other suns, though, has renewed her resolve -- and so has the prospect of greater public support.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In November, the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope took the first visible light snapshot of a planet circling another star -- a giant orb three times the size of Jupiter circling the bright southern star Fomalhaut.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 The Wow! signal, from SETI, remains a speculative debate.
.In 2000, geologist and paleontologist Peter Ward and astrobiologist Donald Brownlee published a book entitled Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe.^ In 2000, geologist and paleontologist Peter Ward and astrobiologist Donald Brownlee published a book entitled Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Rare earth: why complex life is uncommon in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestial Intelligence ^ Amazon.com: Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe: Books: Peter Ward,Donald Brownlee ^ Spherix: Makers of Naturlose (tagatose), a natural, low-calorie sugar made from whey that may be useful as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes ^ Berger, Brian.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [18] .In it, they discussed the Rare Earth hypothesis, in which they claim that Earth-like life is rare in the universe, while microbial life is common.^ The universe is likely teaming with life just as the Earth is.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In it, they discussed the Rare Earth hypothesis , in which they claim that Earth -like life is rare in the universe , while microbial life is common in the universe.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Earth is simply covered with microbial life.

 .Ward and Brownlee are open to the idea of evolution on other planets which is not based on essential Earth-like characteristics (such as DNA and carbon).^ Just like other planets, Earth changes its equator also ...
  • Crank Dot Net | extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.crank.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In 2000, geologist and paleontologist Peter Ward and astrobiologist Donald Brownlee published a book entitled Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ On March 5, NASA plans to launch its $437 million Kepler probe on a four-year mission to survey the Milky Way for earth-like habitable planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
.The possible existence of primitive (microbial) life outside of Earth is much less controversial to mainstream scientists, although, at present, no direct evidence of such life has been found.^ While scientists have yet to detect such life, it remains theoretically possible.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Absence of Life - There is no proven life of any kind outside of the Earth.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Earth is simply covered with microbial life.

 .Indirect evidence has been offered for the current existence of primitive life on Mars.^ Indirect evidence has been offered for the current existence of primitive life on the planet Mars.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fresh evidence for life on Mars?

 ^ In February 2005, NASA scientists reported that they had found strong evidence of present life on Mars .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .However, the conclusions that should be drawn from such evidence remain in debate.^ However, the conclusions that should be drawn from such evidence remain in debate.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ However a number of researchers having examined the evidence have reached a contrary conclusion.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.geocities.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Scientific search for extraterrestrial life

The NASA Kepler Mission for the search of extrasolar planets.
.The scientific search for extraterrestrial life is being carried out both directly and indirectly.^ Cavicchioli, R. Extremophiles and the search for extraterrestrial life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The scientific search for extraterrestrial life is being carried out in two different ways, directly and indirectly.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Scientific search for extraterrestrial life .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Direct search

.Scientists are directly searching for evidence of unicellular life within the solar system, carrying out studies on the surface of Mars and examining meteors which have fallen to Earth.^ Scientists are directly searching for evidence of unicellular life within the solar system , carrying out studies on the surface of Mars and examining meteors that have fallen to Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Exobiology in the solar system and the search for life on Mars: report from the ESA Exobiology Team Study, 1997-1998.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Extraterrestrial life in the Solar System .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .A mission is also proposed to Europa, one of Jupiter's moons with a possible liquid water layer under its surface, which might contain life.^ Life forms exist on the surface of the moon.
  • Crank Dot Net | extraterrestrials 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.crank.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Recent studies say that there is life on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ A mission is also proposed to Europa , one of Jupiter 's moons with a possible liquid water layer under its surface, which might contain life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [19]
.There is some limited evidence that microbial life might possibly exist (or have existed) on Mars.^ There’s some limitations on this number, however: .
  • Blue Collar Scientist » extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bluecollarscientist.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Methane on Mars does not prove life ever existed there.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fresh evidence for life on Mars?

 [20] .An experiment on the Viking Mars lander reported gas emissions from heated Martian soil that some argue are consistent with the presence of microbes.^ The soil was heated in the Viking biology experiments.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 ^ An experiment on the Viking Mars lander reported gas emissions from heated Martian soil that some argue are consistent with the presence of microbes.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ When Nasa dispatched two Viking spacecraft to land on the Red Planet in the 1970s, they sent equipment designed to carry out experiments to test whether there might be microorganisms in the Martian soil.
  • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
  • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 .However, the lack of corroborating evidence from other experiments on the Viking indicates that a non-biological reaction is a more likely hypothesis.^ However, the lack of corroborating evidence from other experiments on the Viking indicates that a non-biological reaction is a more likely hypothesis.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If astronomers have found indications of planets orbiting the stars, either by the astrometric wobble technique or the more recent Doppler technique, that would be considered a positive sign that other planets may be found there and biological life could also exist.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Instead, a more likely scenario which is bolstered by this latest evidence, is that space will just keep stretching and stretching forever.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 .Independently, in 1996, structures resembling nanobacteria were reportedly discovered in a meteorite, ALH84001, thought to be formed of rock ejected from Mars.^ Astronomers have discovered increasingly complex organic molecules in interstellar clouds, and in 1996 geologists announced the discovery of structures within a Martian meteorite that appeared to of biologic origin.
  • Damn Interesting • Did Extraterrestrial Life Rain Over India? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.damninteresting.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001.

 ^ Mars gases at the time the rock was formed 16,000,000 years ago (according to scientists) most certainly were not the same as they are today.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .This report is also controversial, and scientific debate continues.^ This report is also controversial and scientific debate continues (See Viking biological experiments ).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Electron micrograph of martian meteorite ALH84001 showing structures that some scientists think could be fossilized bacteria-like lifeforms.
.In February 2005, NASA scientists reported that they had found strong evidence of present life on Mars.^ In February 2005, NASA scientists reported that they had found strong evidence of present life on Mars .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ NASA denies Mars life reports ", spacetoday.net, 2005.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They found life on Mars.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 [21] .The two scientists, Carol Stoker and Larry Lemke of NASA's Ames Research Center, based their claims on methane signatures found in Mars' atmosphere resembling the methane production of some forms of primitive life on Earth, as well as on their own study of primitive life near the Rio Tinto river in Spain.^ The atmosphere of Mars contains methane gas.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They found life on Mars.
  • Intelligent Extra-terrestrial Life Probably Exists. - For & Against 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.forandagainst.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Methane was found in the atmosphere of Mars.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .NASA officials soon denied the scientists' claims, and Stoker herself backed off from her initial assertions.^ NASA officials soon denied the scientists' claims, and Stoker herself backed off from her initial assertions.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [22]
.Though such findings are still very much in debate, support among scientists for the belief in the existence of life on Mars seems to be growing.^ Though such findings are still very much in debate, support among scientists for the belief in the existence of life on Mars seems to be growing.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The reason has to do with the very existence of life on Earth.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Earlier this year, NASA announced finding signs of life on Mars when the Phoenix lander discovered that the Martian atmosphere contained significant levels of methane.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 .In an informal survey conducted at the conference at which the European Space Agency presented its findings, 75 percent of the scientists in attendance were reported to believe that life once existed on Mars, and 25 percent reported a belief that life currently exists there.^ There is no life on Mars.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Whether or not E.T. life exists, I do not believe it was our destiny to ever find them.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Is there life in outer space?
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 [23]
.The Gaia hypothesis stipulates that any planet with a robust population of life will have an atmosphere not in chemical equilibrium, which is relatively easy to determine from a distance by spectroscopy.^ The Gaia hypothesis stipulates that any planet with a robust population of life will have an atmosphere that is not in chemical equilibrium, which is relatively easy to determine from a distance by spectroscopy .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The atmosphere of such a planet would freeze on the cool side that faces away from the star; this does not promote life.
  • SETI@home FAQ for newsgroups alt.sci.seti and sci.astro.seti. 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC setifaq.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Determining which of these planets are suitable for life, and are in fact inhabited.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 .However, significant advances in the ability to find and resolve light from smaller rocky worlds near to their star are necessary before this can be used to analyze extrasolar planets.^ How to find extrasolar planets .
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In addition, the planet’s distance from the central star must be optimal, so that the planet receives from its star a necessary but not excessive quantity of heat.
  • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We’re trying to define new ways as we’re finding these new Planets orbiting other Stars to say yes, that World clearly has something affecting its Atmosphere.
  • Astronomy Cast - Ep. 110: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.astronomycast.com [Source type: General]

Indirect search

Terrestrial Planet Finder - A planned Infrared interferometer for finding Earth-like extrasolar planets (as of 2010, it has not received the funding from NASA which it needs — that funding is going towards the Kepler mission).
.It is theorized that any technological society in space will be transmitting information, although this is arguable, as there are generally no human systems intentionally, randomly, transmitting information into deep space, so there is no guarantee that any other species would do so, either.^ There is no other way.
  • Extraterrestrial civilization 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.wfd2003.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ No special characters or spaces please.
  • Are There Smart Kinds Of Extraterrestrial Life Outside The Earth? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It is theorised that any technological society in space will be transmitting information.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Also, the length of time required for a signal to travel across the vastness of space means that any signal detected or not detected would come from the distant past.^ That is what space travelers would require.
  • Are There Smart Kinds Of Extraterrestrial Life Outside The Earth? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We were readying machines to travel farther than most of us could imagine, but in the context of the vast reaches of outer space, we would come no closer to unknown planetary systems than if we'd never left Earth at all.
  • The Search For Extraterrestrial Life: A Brief History | Popular Science 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.popsci.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The time at each temperature will be determined by the pressure difference across the capillary tube that drives movement, the resistance of the microfluidic path, and the length of the path along the temperature block.
.Nevertheless, projects such as SETI are conducting an astronomical search for radio activity which would confirm the presence of intelligent life.^ Search for intelligent life in space.
  • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A mysterious radio signal is received by the SETI project on three occasions - from the same region of space .
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Astronomers at the Harvard & Princeton Optical SETI project also search the visible spectrum for light pulses transmitted by those seeking to communicate across interstellar distances.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 .A related suggestion is that aliens might broadcast pulsed and continuous laser signals in the optical, as well as infrared, spectrum;[24] laser signals have the advantage of not "smearing" in the interstellar medium, and may prove more conducive to communication between the stars.^ A related suggestion is that aliens might broadcast pulsed and continuous laser signals in the optical as well as infrared spectrum; [20] laser signals have the advantage of not "smearing" in the interstellar medium and may prove more conducive to communication between the stars.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ And while other communication techniques including laser transmission and interstellar spaceflight have been discussed seriously and may not be infeasible, the measure of effectiveness is the amount of information communicated per unit cost, resulting with the radio as method of choice.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Astronomers at the Harvard & Princeton Optical SETI project also search the visible spectrum for light pulses transmitted by those seeking to communicate across interstellar distances.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 .While other communication techniques, including laser transmission and interstellar spaceflight, have been discussed seriously and may well be feasible, the measure of effectiveness is the amount of information communicated per unit cost, resulting with radio as the method of choice.^ And while other communication techniques including laser transmission and interstellar spaceflight have been discussed seriously and may not be infeasible, the measure of effectiveness is the amount of information communicated per unit cost, resulting with the radio as method of choice.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A related suggestion is that aliens might broadcast pulsed and continuous laser signals in the optical as well as infrared spectrum; [20] laser signals have the advantage of not "smearing" in the interstellar medium and may prove more conducive to communication between the stars.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Direct interstellar contact methods may range from radio and optical beacons or other transmissions to interactions with robot or crewed star vessels.
  • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

Extrasolar planets

See also: List of extrasolar planets
.Astronomers also search for extrasolar planets that they believe would be conducive to life, such as Gliese 581 c, Gliese 581 d and OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, which have been found to have Earth-like qualities.^ What kind would they like?
  • Astronomy Cast - Ep. 110: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.astronomycast.com [Source type: General]

 ^ On March 5, NASA plans to launch its $437 million Kepler probe on a four-year mission to survey the Milky Way for earth-like habitable planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Its outsider status is curious, because the search for tell-tale harbingers of extraterrestrial life, like water, has energized the unmanned exploration of Mars and the moons of the outer planets, such as Jupiter's Europa and Saturn's Titan.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 [25][26] .Current radiodetection methods have been inadequate for such a search, as the resolution afforded by recent technology is inadequate for a detailed study of extrasolar planetary objects.^ Current radiodetection methods have been inadequate for such a search, as the resolution afforded by recent technology is inadequate for detailed study of extrasolar planetary objects.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Within our own Solar System the focus of the search has been on Mars, Venus and a number of planetary moons, such as Europa.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Astrobiology is the current term used to encompass the related disciplines engaged in “the study of the living universe,” including the search for extraterrestrial life through in situ exploration, the use of spectroscopy of solar and extrasolar planetary atmospheres, and the perhaps more familiar search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 Future telescopes should be able to image planets around nearby stars, which may reveal the presence of life — either directly or through spectrography which would reveal key information, such as the presence of free oxygen in a planet's atmosphere:
Artist's Impression of Gliese 581 c, the first extrasolar planet discovered within its star's habitable zone.
  • Darwin is an ESA mission designed to find Earth-like planets and analyze their atmosphere.
  • The COROT mission, initiated by the French Space Agency, was launched in 2006, and is currently looking for extrasolar planets; it is the first of its kind.
  • The Terrestrial Planet Finder was supposed to have been launched by NASA, but as of 2010, budget cuts have caused it to be delayed indefinitely.
  • The Kepler Mission, largely replacing the Terrestrial Planet Finder, was launched in March 2009.
.It has been argued that Alpha Centauri, the closest star system to Earth, may contain planets which could be capable of sustaining life.^ Stars - What’s the second closest star to Earth after the Alpha Centauri system?

 ^ The Drake equation multiplies together seven factors including: the formation rate of stars like our Sun, the fraction of Earth-like planets and the fraction of those on which life develops.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The COROT mission, initiated by the French Space Agency , was launched in 2006 and is currently looking for extrasolar planets -- it is the first of its kind The Terrestrial Planet Finder was supposed to be launched by NASA , but as of 2007 , budget cuts have caused it to be delayed indefinitely The Kepler Mission , largely replacing the Terrestrial Planet Finder, to be launched in November 2008 It has been argued that Alpha Centauri , the closest star system to Earth, may contain planets which could be capable of sustaining life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [27]
.On April 24, 2007, scientists at the European Southern Observatory in La Silla, Chile said they had found the first Earth-like planet.^ On April 24 , 2007 , scientists at the European Southern Observatory in La Silla, Chile said they had found the first Earth-like planet.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ On March 5, NASA plans to launch its $437 million Kepler probe on a four-year mission to survey the Milky Way for earth-like habitable planets.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Terrestrial Planet Finder - A planned Infrared interferometer for finding Earth-like extrasolar planets (as of 2007 , it has not received the funding from NASA it needs — that funding is going towards the Kepler mission ).
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The planet, known as Gliese 581 c, orbits within the habitable zone of its star Gliese 581, a red dwarf star which is 20.5 light years (194 trillion km) from the Earth.^ In many cases, the simulated planets had orbits lying within the habitable zone of the star.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In November, the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope took the first visible light snapshot of a planet circling another star -- a giant orb three times the size of Jupiter circling the bright southern star Fomalhaut.
  • Extraterrestrial Seekers Get Big Backing - WSJ.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC sbk.online.wsj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The radial-velocity method The large majority of known extrasolar planets have been discovered by measuring the “wobble” that they induce on their parent stars.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It was initially thought that this planet could contain liquid water, but recent computer simulations of the climate on Gliese 581c by Werner von Bloh and his team at Germany's Institute for Climate Impact Research suggest that carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere would create a runaway greenhouse effect.^ The atmosphere of Mars contains methane gas.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It could have a blanket of atmosphere thick enough to retain heat, especially if it contained greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Earlier this year, NASA announced finding signs of life on Mars when the Phoenix lander discovered that the Martian atmosphere contained significant levels of methane.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 .This would warm the planet well above the boiling point of water (100 degrees Celsius/212 degrees Fahrenheit), thus dimming the hopes of finding life.^ This would warm the planet well above the boiling point of water (100 degrees Celsius/212 degrees Fahrenheit), thus dimming the hopes of finding life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Discovering a life form that didn't follow this rule truly would be as big a scientific discovery as finding actual extra-terrestrial life.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Any other life outside of earth would be well advised not to try to communicate with us.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]

 .As a result of greenhouse models, scientists are now turning their attention to Gliese 581 d, which lies just outside of the star's traditional habitable zone.^ As a result of greenhouse models, scientists are now turning their attention to Gliese 581 d , which lies just outside of the star's traditional habitable zone.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The planet, known as Gliese 581 c , orbits within the habitable zone of its star Gliese 581 , a red dwarf star which is a scant 20.5 light years (194 trillion km) from Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If we really get lucky the planet will lie in the star’s habitable zone where moderate temperatures allow for a liquid water ocean to exist.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 [28]
.On May 29, 2007, the Associated Press released a report stating that scientists identified twenty-eight new extra-solar planetary bodies.^ On May 29 , 2007 , the Associated Press released a report stating that scientists have identified twenty-eight exo-solar planetary bodies.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ NASA Statement on False Claim of Evidence of Life on Mars "News reports on February 16, 2005, that NASA scientists from Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., have found strong evidence that life may exist on Mars are incorrect.
  • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ NASA won't release DART mission report ABC News 14 April 2006 .

 .One of these newly-discovered planets is said to have many similarities to Neptune.^ One of these newly discovered planets is said to have many similarities with Neptune.
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Astronomers will first need to build up an inventory of habitable planets candidates and compare and contrast theses worlds’ similarities and differences.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

 ^ All these EILFs are from one re- programmed group spirit and are scattered on the planets of many stars.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [29]
.As of March 4, 2010, 429 extrasolar planets have been discovered (with 48 multi-planet systems), and new discoveries occur monthly.^ This opened the floodgates on extrasolar planet discoveries, with over 300 found to date, and the number rapidly growing.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The radial-velocity method The large majority of known extrasolar planets have been discovered by measuring the “wobble” that they induce on their parent stars.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This planetary habitability chart shows where life might exist on extrasolar planets based on our own Solar System and life on Earth .
  • Extraterrestrial Life 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.juliantrubin.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [30]

Drake equation

Main article: Drake equation
In 1961, University of California, Santa Cruz astronomer and astrophysicist Dr. Frank Drake devised the Drake equation. This controversial equation multiplied estimates of the following terms together:
  • The rate of formation of suitable stars.
  • The fraction of those stars which are orbited by planets.
  • The number of Earth-like worlds per planetary system.
  • The fraction of planets where intelligent life develops.
  • The fraction of possible communicative planets.
  • The "lifetime" of possible communicative civilizations.
.Drake used the equation to estimate that there are approximately 10,000 planets containing intelligent life, with the possible capability of communicating with Earth in the Milky Way galaxy.^ A more rigorous estimate of the "Drake equation" suggests that our galaxy may contain hundreds of thousands of life-bearing planets .
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ There are some planets which bear life, and intelligent life.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Is there life off this planet?
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 [31]
.Based on observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, there are at least 125 billion galaxies in the universe.^ There are billions if not an infinite amount of galaxies throughout the universe.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ There are billions of stars in this galaxy alone.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

 ^ If there is intelligent life out there in the universe then that would help out the concept of 'a lot of wasted space' but their ability to not broadcast their 'entertainment' to us would be even bolder.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 .It is estimated that at least ten percent of all sun-like stars have a system of planets[32], there are 6.25×1018 stars with planets orbiting them in the universe.^ Think of all the different planets and stars.
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]
  • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Thats 10 sextillion stars in the universe!
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life? 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC setiathome.berkeley.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ There is an infinity of other stars and planets, all inhabited.
  • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .If even a billionth of these stars have planets supporting life, there are some 6.25 billion life-supporting solar systems in the universe.^ There are some planets which bear life, and intelligent life.
  • Vatican Holds Conference on Extraterrestrial Life | Universe Today 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.universetoday.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Are any of the planets in our Solar System inhabitable?
  • Astronomy & Space - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library 12 September 2009 8:31 UTC www.multcolib.org [Source type: General]

 ^ There are billions of stars in this galaxy alone.
  • DailyTech - Indian Space Researchers Claim Extraterrestrial Life Discovery 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.dailytech.com [Source type: General]

Extraterrestrial life in the Solar System

This planetary habitability chart shows where life might exist on extrasolar planets, based on our own Solar System and life on Earth.
Europa, due to the possibility of an ocean under its icy crust, might host some form of microbial life.[2][33]
.Many bodies in the Solar System have been suggested as being capable of containing conventional organic life.^ Life in the solar system and beyond.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The result is that the structure of sentient life form might be rather unique to a given planet, or certainly to a given solar system.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Factors other then the Delta Off-set, restricts the possibility of sentient life being hosted on some of these star systems.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The most commonly suggested ones are listed below; of these, five of the ten are moons, and are thought to have large bodies of underground liquid (streams), where life may have evolved in a similar fashion to deep sea vents.^ Listed below are several of these benefits.

 ^ Abodes - The faint tug of the sun and moon on the San Andreas Fault stimulates tremors deep underground, suggesting that the rock 15 miles below is lubricated with highly pressurized water that allows the rock to slip with little effort, according to a new study by University of California, Berkeley, seismologists.

 ^ Now, if most of the circumplanetary debris go into making one body, a moon as big as Mars could form around a Jupiter-sized planet.
  • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]
.
  • Mars — Life on Mars has been long speculated.^ For the long future of humanity, there have also been speculations about interstellar automatic probes that could be sent for the detection of extrasolar life forms around the nearby stars.
    • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The recent detection of methane on Mars therefore has led to much speculation about the possibility for life on the Red Planet.

     .Liquid water is widely thought to have existed on Mars in the past, and there may still be liquid water beneath the surface.^ Another of Saturn's moons , Enceladus, attracted the attention of astrobiologists when Cassini discovered plumes of water vapour and hydrocarbons spewing from beneath its icy surface, raising hopes that there might be underground water.
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     ^ Even though there may continue to be exchange, Mars is more likely to be more isolated than any possible Earth ecosystem.

     ^ If we really get lucky the planet will lie in the star’s habitable zone where moderate temperatures allow for a liquid water ocean to exist.
    • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

     .Methane was found in the atmosphere of Mars.^ The atmosphere of Mars contains methane gas.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ In 2003, the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft detected traces of methane in Mars's atmosphere.
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     ^ Digg it Methane, a possible signature of life, has been detected in the atmosphere of Mars.
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     .By July 2008, laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander had identified water in a soil sample.^ Pictures from Nasa's Mars lander 27 May 2008: The latest pictures from Nasa's Phoenix Mars lander .
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     ^ NASA has contaminated the lander test chamber by taking water from Earth to Mars.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Entry, descent, landing on Mars 21 May 2008: May 22 2008: A look at the critical final few stages of the Phoenix mission's landing on Mars .
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     .The lander's robotic arm delivered the sample to an instrument which identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.^ PCR instruments involve simple and efficient heating and cooling of 0.1 to 100 microliter samples.

     Recent photographs from the Mars Global Surveyor show evidence of recent (i.e. within 10 years) flows of a liquid on the Red Planet's frigid surface.[34]
    • .
  • Mercury — The MESSENGER expedition to Mercury has discovered that a large amount of water exists in its exosphere.
  • Europa — Europa may contain liquid water beneath its thick ice layer.^ If we really get lucky the planet will lie in the star’s habitable zone where moderate temperatures allow for a liquid water ocean to exist.
    • Discovery Space: Cosmic Ray 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC blogs.discovery.com [Source type: General]

     ^ They spent millions of dollars on this Mars lander for the primary purpose of determining if water ice still exists in the surface soil.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ To the surprise of the scientists, the disks contained large amounts of cobalt and other metallic substances.
    • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .It is possible that vents on the bottom of the ocean warm the ice, so liquid could exist beneath the ice layer, perhaps capable of supporting microbes and simple plants, just like in Earth's hydrothermal vents.^ Could microbes exist in Venusian clouds?
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

     ^ The subsurface ocean could be kept warm by tidal forces resulting from Jupiter's gravitational pull.
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     ^ The compounds were first detected by the Galileo space probe, along with evidence for a volcanically-warmed ocean beneath the moon's icy crust.
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

     [2]
    • .
  • Jupiter — Carl Sagan and others in the 1960s and 70s computed conditions for hypothetical amino acid-based macroscopic life in Jupiter's atmosphere, based on observed conditions of this atmosphere.^ Left-handed amino acids can combine only with other left-handed amino acids to build proteins, and the same is true for right-handed ones.
    • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ A creature composed of right-handed amino acids would be able to eat only organisms that are right-hand based, and to use their amino acids in order to grow and reproduce.
    • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ If life emerged quickly and spontaneously in the young Earth, wherever conditions were suitable, we would expect to see both right-hand-amino-acid and left-handed amino-acid life forms.
    • PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online magazine of the Israel Physical Society PhysicaPlus - פיזיקהפלוס - Online Magazine of the Israel Physical Society - Issue 12 - Extrasolar Planets, Extraterrestrial Life, and Why it Matters 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC physicaplus.org.il [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .These investigations inspired some science fiction stories.
  • Ganymede — Possible underground ocean (see Europa).
  • Callisto — Possible underground ocean (see Europa).
  • Enceladus — Geothermal activity, water vapor.^ (Although I do think some of them are quite clever and intriguing to read about, like good science fiction.
    • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Aftermath - What affect would the discovery of alien life have on the story-telling genre that inspires the search for it — science fiction?

     ^ We KNOW some of these Stars have Planets – we just don’t think they have habitable Planets yet because what we’re seeing is hot Jupiters.
    • Astronomy Cast - Ep. 110: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.astronomycast.com [Source type: General]

     .Possible under-ice oceans heated by tidal effects.
  • Titan (Saturn's largest moon) — The only known moon with a significant atmosphere was recently visited by the Huygens probe.^ The compounds were first detected by the Galileo space probe, along with evidence for a volcanically-warmed ocean beneath the moon's icy crust.
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

     ^ After transit between planets, atmospheric reentry heats the surface of a meteorite to beyond the survival temperatures of any known extremophile.

     ^ Abodes - Two years ago, scientists accomplished an amazing feat when the Huygens probe descended through the thick atmosphere of Titan to reveal the moon's unique surface.

     .Latest discoveries indicate there is no global or widespread ocean, but that small and/or seasonal liquid hydrocarbon lakes are present on the surface (the first liquid lakes discovered outside of Earth).^ Absence of Life - There is no proven life of any kind outside of the Earth.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Another of Saturn's moons , Enceladus, attracted the attention of astrobiologists when Cassini discovered plumes of water vapour and hydrocarbons spewing from beneath its icy surface, raising hopes that there might be underground water.
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
    • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

     ^ Liquid methane lakes, help SETI discover alien life and the possibility of noncorporeal life .

     [35][36][37]
    • .
  • Venus — Recently, scientists have speculated on the existence of microbes in the stable cloud layers 50 km above the surface, evidenced by hospitable climates and chemical disequilibrium.^ Malin MC, Edgett KS. Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars.

     ^ Abodes - The hellish climate of Venus may have arisen far more recently than previously supposed, suggests new research.

     ^ Some scientist has theorized that there is meteorite evidence of fossilised microbes.
    • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     [38]
.Numerous other bodies have been suggested as potential hosts for microbial life.^ Factors other then the Delta Off-set, restricts the possibility of sentient life being hosted on some of these star systems.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The presence of complex organic compounds has been observed in many bodies in space, linking the search for life on other planets to the search for understanding of the origins of all life.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Astrologically speaking, the Sun is the "Giver of Life", and the galactic center, (and possibly other distant objects), define the body type.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Fred Hoyle has proposed that life might exist on comets, as some Earth microbes managed to survive on a lunar probe for many years.^ Aftermath - Nearly two-thirds of Americans believe that some form of alien life exists somewhere in the universe, according to a new survey.

 ^ Some experts have even recently proposed that these interactions may have prompted life on Earth.

 ^ From what I understand in the last 10 years our knowledge on the conditions for planets like earth to exist indicates the likelihood of other life-bearing planets is becoming less the exception and more the norm.
  • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

 However, it is considered highly unlikely that complex multicellular organisms of the conventional chemistry of terrestrial life (i.e. animals and plants) could exist under these living conditions.
.Even if microbial extraterrestrial life were found on another body in the Solar System, it would still need to be proven that such life did not originate from Earth in the recent or distant past.^ Life in the solar system and beyond.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Earth is simply covered with microbial life.

 ^ Extraterrestrial life is life that originated any place but on Earth.
  • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .For example, an alternate explanation for the hypothetical existence of microbial life on Titan has already been formally proposed[39][40] — theorizing that microorganisms could have left Earth when it suffered a massive asteroid or comet impact (such as the impact that created Chicxulub crater only 65 mya), and survived a journey through space to land on Titan 1 million years later.^ THE MAP OF "THE CREATOR" indicates sentient life on Earth at such a time.
  • EXTRATERRESTRIAL SENTIENT LIFE IN THE GALAXY 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC yaridanjo.warmkessel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Earth is simply covered with microbial life.

 ^ How life survived asteroid impacts and looking for...

 .The Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment, developed by the Planetary Society and due to be launched in 2011, has been designed to test similar theories.^ Now, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University; the University of California, San Diego; and The University of Texas at Austin have developed a test of string theory.

 ^ Nasa is due to launch its most ambitious probe to date in 2011.
  • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]
  • Hunting ET: Astrobiology and the quest for extraterrestrial life | Science | guardian.co.uk 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 ^ ESA has supported the work of a group of students in developing the Dobson Space Telescope, being tested this month aboard ESA's parabolic flight campaign aircraft.

See also

Events and objects
Searches for extraterrestrial life
Subjects
Theories
Places

References

  1. ^ "Venus clouds 'might harbour life'". BBC News. 2004-05-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3746583.stm. Retrieved 2007-12-05. 
  2. ^ a b c http://www.planetary.org/programs/projects/explore_europa/update_12142005.html"
  3. ^ "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". http://arxiv.org/abs/0705.3758v1. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  4. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9943-top-10-controversial-pieces-of-evidence-for-extraterrestrial-life.html
  5. ^ "Ammonia-based life". daviddarling.info. http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/ammonialife.html. 
  6. ^ a b "extraterrestrial life, variety of". daviddarling.info. http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/etlifevar.html. 
  7. ^ Plants on Other Planets
  8. ^ "Star Struck, a letter to a Rabbi". ohr.edu. http://ohr.edu/ask_db/ask_main.php/318/Q1/. 
  9. ^ Kaplan, Rabbi Aryeh. "Extraterrestrial life". torah.org. http://www.torah.org/features/secondlook/extraterrestrial.html. 
  10. ^ Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth, by Mirza Tahir Ahmad. Chapter; The Quran and Extraterrestrial Life
  11. ^ Wiker, Benjamin D.. "Christianity and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life". crisismagazine.com. http://www.crisismagazine.com/november2002/feature7.htm. 
  12. ^ "Rheita.htm". cosmovisions.com. http://cosmovisions.com/Rheita.htm. 
  13. ^ "Vatican says aliens could exist". news.bbc.co.uk. 2008-05-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7399661.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-04. 
  14. ^ "When E.T. phones the pope". The Washington Post, November 8, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/06/AR2009110601899.html. 
  15. ^ An intelligent design: Controlled hominization in cosmic apartheid
  16. ^ Crichton, Michael (January 17, 2003). "Aliens Cause Global Warming". crichton-official.com. http://www.crichton-official.com/speeches/speeches_quote04.html. 
  17. ^ SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence
  18. ^ Amazon.com: Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe: Books: Peter Ward, Donald Brownlee
  19. ^ "Aliens Live Among Us". Pravda.ru. 2009-09-21. http://english.pravda.ru/society/anomal/28-09-2009/109551-aliens-0. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  20. ^ Spherix: Makers of Naturlose (tagatose), a natural, low-calorie sugar made from whey that may be useful as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes
  21. ^ Berger, Brian (2005). "Exclusive: NASA Researchers Claim Evidence of Present Life on Mars". http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mars_life_050216.html. 
  22. ^ "NASA denies Mars life reports". spacetoday.net. 2005. http://www.spacetoday.net/Summary/2804. 
  23. ^ Spotts, Peter N. (2005-02-28). "Sea boosts hope of finding signs of life on Mars". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0228/p02s02-usgn.html. Retrieved 2006-12-18. 
  24. ^ "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the Optical Spectrum". The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory. http://www.coseti.org/. 
  25. ^ "Discovery of OGLE 2005-BLG-390Lb, the first cool rocky/icy exoplanet", IAP.fr, 25 January 2006, http://planet.iap.fr/OB05390.news.html 
  26. ^ SPACE.com - Major Discovery: New Planet Could Harbor Water and Life
  27. ^ 1997AJ 113.1445W Page 1445
  28. ^ Hopes dim for life on distant planet - USATODAY.com
  29. ^ BBC NEWS Science/Nature Planet hunters spy distant haul
  30. ^ Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia
  31. ^ Boyd, Padi. "The Drake Equation". Imagine the Universe. NASA. http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970924.html. Retrieved 2008-02-05. "Frank Drake's own current estimate puts the number of communicating civilizations in the galaxy at 10,000" 
  32. ^ Marcy, G.; Butler, R.; Fischer, D.; et al. (2005). "Observed Properties of Exoplanets: Masses, Orbits and Metallicities". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 158: 24 – 42. doi:10.1143/PTPS.158.24. http://ptp.ipap.jp/link?PTPS/158/24. 
  33. ^ Possibility of Life on Europa
  34. ^ BBC NEWS Science/Nature Water 'flowed recently' on Mars
  35. ^ SPACE.com - Scientists Reconsider Habitability of Saturn's Moon
  36. ^ SPACE.com - Lakes Found on Saturn's Moon Titan
  37. ^ "Lakes on Titan, Full-Res: PIA08630". 2006-07-24. http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=2214. 
  38. ^ Venusian Cloud Colonies :: Astrobiology Magazine - earth science - evolution distribution Origin of life universe - life beyond :: Astrobiology is study of earth science evolution distribution Origin of life in universe terrestrial
  39. ^ "Earth could seed Titan with life". BBC News. March 18, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4819370.stm. Retrieved 2007-03-10. 
  40. ^ Gladman, Brett; Dones, Luke; Levinson, Harold F.; Burns, Joseph A. (2005). "Impact Seeding and Reseeding in the Inner Solar System". Astrobiology 5 (4): 483–496. doi:10.1089/ast.2005.5.483. PMID 16078867. 

Further reading

  • Baird, John C. (1987). .The Inner Limits of Outer Space: A Psychologist Critiques Our Efforts to Communicate With Extraterrestrial Beings.^ Might such extraterrestrial beings literally be able to "see" things that our unaided vision is incapable of perceiving?
    • Intelligent Life in the Universe and Exotheology in Christianity and the Baha'i Writings 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bahai-library.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Intelligent Life in Outer Space (New York: Norton, 1979); G. Cocconi, P. Morrison, “Searching for Interstellar Communications,” Nature 184 (1959), pp.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Axelrod’s efforts to monitor the extraterrestrial female, his concern about Swann being in telepathic communication with her, and his warning that she was dangerous suggested that Axelrod’s efforts were part of an official policy to prevent any ordinary civilians from fraternizing with extraterrestrials.

     .Hanover: University Press of New England.^ Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, c1998.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2006.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     .ISBN 0-87451-406-1. 
  • Cohen, Jack and Ian Stewart (2002).^ Cohen, Jack, and Ian Stewart.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     .Evolving the Alien: The Science of Extraterrestrial Life.^ Television science show producers such as National Geographic, Discover Channel, History Channel and Nova, perpetuate the myth of alien life in their television programs.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Aftermath - What affect would the discovery of alien life have on the story-telling genre that inspires the search for it — science fiction?

     ^ Imagining - Alien life has been one of the staples of science fiction since the origins of the genre, and Star Trek, one of its best-known examples, has hardly shied away from it.

     Ebury Press. ISBN 0-09-187927-2. 
  • Crowe, Michael J. (1986). .The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750--1900.^ Crowe, Michael J. The extraterrestrial life debate , 1750-1900.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ But we cannot make direct use of the medieval debate on the multiplicity of worlds to know the position of Christian theology on extraterrestrial life.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Dick, Steven J. The biological universe: the twentieth-century extraterrestrial life debate and the limits of science.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     Cambridge.     
  • Crowe, Michael J. (2008). .The extraterrestrial life debate Antiquity to 1915: A Source Book.^ Subject headings used by the Library of Congress, under which books on extraterrestrial life can be located in most card, book, and online catalogs, include the following: .
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ But we cannot make direct use of the medieval debate on the multiplicity of worlds to know the position of Christian theology on extraterrestrial life.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Dick, Steven J. The biological universe: the twentieth-century extraterrestrial life debate and the limits of science.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0-268-02368-9.     
  • Dick, Steven J. (1984). .Plurality of Worlds: The Extraterrestrial Life Debate from Democratis to Kant.^ The historical debate about a possible plurality of inhabited worlds has been widely documented (cf.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ As possible evidence for extraterrestrial life, he quotes the Talmudic teaching (Avoda Zara 3b) that "God flies through 18,000 worlds."
    • InnerNet: Jewish CyberMag 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.innernet.org.il [Source type: Original source]

     ^ K. Delano, Many Worlds, One God (New York: Hicksville, 1977); I. Delio, “Christ and Extraterrestrial Life,” Theology and Science 6 (2007), pp, 249-265; S.J. Dick, Plurality of Worlds: The Origin of the Extraterrestrial Life Debate from Democritus to Kant (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982); S.J. Dick, “Plurality of Worlds,” in Encyclopedia of Cosmology , ed.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Cambridge. 
  • Dick, Steven J. (1996).^ The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); S.J. Dick, Life on Other Worlds.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .The Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science.^ Millions, or billions of planets in our galaxy, let alone the universe, and you claim that extraterrestrial life is impossible?
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 19 November 2009 19:34 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Top 10: Controversial pieces of evidence for extraterrestrial life - space - 04 September 2006 - New Scientist 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.newscientist.com [Source type: General]

     ^ Extraterrestrial life forms in the antimatter universe India Daily 23 March 2006 .

     ^ Catholic News Service has a report from a meeting of 30 scientists convened by the Vatican Observatory and the Pontifical Academy of the Sciences to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial life .
    • In Good Faith: Vatican looking for E.T. - A blog for news and discussion on matters of faith - baltimoresun.com 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC weblogs.baltimoresun.com [Source type: General]

     Cambridge. 
  • Dick, Steven J. (2001). .Life on Other Worlds: The 20th Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate.^ Life - Our world may hold clues to the existence of life on other planets, writes astrtobiologist Paul Davies.

     ^ They explain why scientists think life might exist on other worlds, and how we might contact it.

     ^ Beaming high-powered signals into space, Darwin’s Bulldog and ‘How Might Life Evolve on Other Worlds?’ .

     .Cambridge. 
  • Dick, Steven J. and James E. Strick (2004).^ Dick, Steven J., and James E. Strick.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     .The Living Universe: NASA And the Development of Astrobiology.^ Astrobiology: The Living Universe” is a comprehensive and educational guide to life on Earth and beyond.

     ^ The living universe: NASA and the development of astrobiology.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Life - On Radio Astrobiology, the podcast of Astrobiology Magazine, Simon Conway Morris discusses how convergent evolution has affected the development of life on Earth, and perhaps elsewhere in the universe.

     Rutgers. 
  • Goldsmith, Donald (1997). The Hunt for Life on Mars. .New York: A Dutton Book.^ New York, Riverhead Books, 2000.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The book became a New York Times bestseller.
    • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ New York, Copernicus Books in association with Praxis Pub., c2002.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ISBN 0-525-94336-6.     
  • Grinspoon, David (2003). .Lonely Planets: The Natural Philosophy of Alien Life.^ Our world leadership and economic security are being globally challenged while our way of life is depleting the known natural resources of our planet.

     ^ Scientists who don't believe there is life on other planets or alien visitors to Earth are not given a voice to refute these make-believe fantasies.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ EXTRATERRESTRIAL BEINGS HUMAN-ALIEN ENCOUNTERS LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS PLURALITY OF WORLDS Relevant .
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-018540-6.     
  • Lemnick, Michael T. (1998). .Other Worlds: The Search for Life in the Universe.^ The search for life elsewhere in the Universe is influenced by our knowledge of life on Earth and vice versa.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The discovery may have important implications in the search for life on other planets.

     ^ "Paul Allen, the co-founder of software titan Microsoft, is ploughing a slice of his fortune into the search for life on other planets.
    • Top Ten Media Myths about UFOs, Aliens, Bigfoot, Loch Ness, Roswell, Area51, Crop Circles, Antigravity, and Bermuda Triangle. 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblelife.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .New York: A Touchstone Book. 
  • Pickover, Cliff (2003).^ New York, Riverhead Books, 2000.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The book became a New York Times bestseller.
    • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ New York, Copernicus Books in association with Praxis Pub., c2002.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     The Science of Aliens. .New York: Basic Books.^ New York, Riverhead Books, 2000.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Mallove, E., and Matloff, G., The Starflight Book: A Pioneer's Guide to Interstellar Travel, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989 .
    • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The book became a New York Times bestseller.
    • Extraterrestrial Life 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC martianrocker.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ISBN 0-465-07315-8. 
  • Roth, Christopher F. (2005) "Ufology as Anthropology: Race, Extraterrestrials, and the Occult." In E.T. Culture: Anthropology in Outerspaces, ed. by Debbora Battaglia. .Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
  • Sagan, Carl and I.S. Shklovskii (1966).^ Sagan, C., and Shklovskii, I. S., Intelligent Life in the Universe, Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco, California, 1966 .
    • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Carl Sagan: Our Place in the Universe Jill Tartar, Director of SETI: SETI and Our Place in the Universe Fraser wants to give visiting aliens a beer.
    • Astronomy Cast - Ep. 110: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.astronomycast.com [Source type: General]

     .Intelligent Life in the Universe.^ If there is intelligent life out there in the universe then that would help out the concept of 'a lot of wasted space' but their ability to not broadcast their 'entertainment' to us would be even bolder.
    • Extraterrestrial life? What do you think? | Reasons To Believe 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.reasons.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Sagan, C., and Shklovskii, I. S., Intelligent Life in the Universe, Holden-Day, Inc., San Francisco, California, 1966 .
    • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Intelligent Life in the Universe and Exotheology in Christianity and the Baha'i Writings .
    • Intelligent Life in the Universe and Exotheology in Christianity and the Baha'i Writings 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC bahai-library.com [Source type: Original source]

     Random House. 
  • Sagan, Carl (1973). .Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence.^ Elliot, J. L., X-Ray Pulses for Interstellar Communication, in Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Carl Sagan (Editor), pp.
    • Detectability of Extraterrestrial Technological Activities by Guillermo A.Lemarchand 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.coseti.org [Source type: Academic]

     .MIT Press. 
  • Peter D. Ward: Life as we do not know it-the NASA search for (and synthesis of) alien life.^ Aftermath - What affect would the discovery of alien life have on the story-telling genre that inspires the search for it — science fiction?

     ^ Parker, Barry R. Alien life: the search for extraterrestrials and beyond.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Search for alien life challenges current concepts, says professor PhysOrg 20 February 2006 .

     .Viking, New York 2005, ISBN 0-670-03458-4
  • Michael Michaud: Contact with Alien Civilizations – Our Hopes and Fears about Encountering Extraterrestrials.^ Michaud, Michael A. G. Contact with alien civilizations: our hopes and fears about encountering extraterrestrials.
    • Extraterrestrial Life-Science Tracer Bullet-Libraryof Congress 25 September 2009 1:58 UTC www.loc.gov [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Such are the questions examined in “Contact with Alien Civilizations.” Michael A.G. Michaud, a space policy analyst and former diplomat, provides an engrossing overview of the probabilities, promises, and risks of encountering smart aliens.

     ^ Intelligence - The founder of the scientific search for extraterrestrial civilizations Frank Drake believed that a minimum of 200 highly developed civilizations were hiding somewhere in our galaxy .

     Springer, Berlin 2006, ISBN 0-387-28598-9
  • Ernst Fasan: Relations with alien intelligences – the scientific basis of metalaw. .Berlin Verlag, Berlin 1970
  • Diana G. Tumminia: Alien Worlds — Social and Religious Dimensions of Extraterrestrial Contact.^ Secular scholars in many fields of study may want to give a new, open-minded consideration of the Hebrew record and other religious texts from the ancient world that document historical contact with extraterrestrials and their technology.
    • ON THE WINGS OF ANGELS: The Extraterrestrial Theology of the Hebrew Record 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblerealitycheck.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ As Paul Davies has intelligently pointed out, an implicit religious dimension is concealed within research for extraterrestrial life.
    • DISF - Interdisciplinary Encyclopaedia of Religion and Science | Extraterrestrial life 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.disf.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ While contact with extraterrestrial beings may have been commonplace in the religious culture of the Hebrews and other peoples of the ancient world, and therefore thematic in their scripture, the church culture of the modern era embraces a more sanitized view with respect to personal contact.
    • ON THE WINGS OF ANGELS: The Extraterrestrial Theology of the Hebrew Record 15 January 2010 13:17 UTC www.biblerealitycheck.com [Source type: Original source]

     Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse 2007, ISBN 978-0-8156-0858-5

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Simple English

This page or section does not have any sources. You can help Wikipedia by finding sources, and adding them. Tagged since January 2010

Extraterrestrial life is life that is not from the planet Earth. It is not known if there is any extraterrestrial life. There is no proof that it exists, though it is believed a large percentage of people believe in them.

Most scientists believe that if extraterrestrial life exists, its evolution would have happened in different places in the universe. Others believe that life started on a small number of planets and spread to other planets.

Extraterrestrial life forms are often referred to in popular culture as aliens or ETs, and also sometimes, martians, although it should be used only when talking about aliens on Mars.

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Up to date as of December 17, 2010

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