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Far right, extreme right, hard right, radical right, and ultra-right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitative position a group or person occupies within right-wing politics. The terms are often used to imply that someone is an extremist. The terms have been used by different scholars in somewhat conflicting ways.[1]
Far right politics usually involve supremacism — a belief that superiority and inferiority is an innate reality between individuals and groups — and a complete rejection of the concept of social equality as a norm.[2] Far right politics often support segregation; the separation of groups deemed to be superior from groups deemed to be inferior.[3] Far right politics also commonly include authoritarianism, nativism, racism and xenophobia.[4]
The ideologies usually associated with the far right include fascism, Nazism and other ultra-nationalist, religiously extreme or reactionary ideologies.[5][6][7][8][9]
The term radical right refers to sections of the far right that promote views which are very conservative in traditional left-right terms, but which aim to break with prevailing institutions and practices.[10] The radical right does not have a clear straightforward structure, but rather consists of overlapping subcultures with diverse styles of rhetoric, dress and symbolism whose cohesion comes from the use of alternative system of communications.[11]
Contents |
| Author(s)/Editor(s) | Title | Year | Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chip Berlet and Matthew N. Lyons | Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort | 2000 | The Guilford Press. ISBN 1572305622 |
| Hans-Georg Betz | Radical Right-wing Populism in Western Europe | 1994 | New York: St. Martins Press |
| Hans-Georg Betz and Stefan Immerfall, eds. | The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies | 1998 | New York: St. Martin's Press |
| Martin Blinkhorn | Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe | 1990 | |
| Aurel Braun | The Extreme Right: Freedom and Security at Risk | 1997 | |
| Göran Dahl | Radical Conservatism and the Future of Politics | 1999 | |
| Peter Davies and Derek Lynch | The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right | 2002 | Routledge. ISBN 0415214955 |
| Martin Durham | The Christian Right, the Far Right and the Boundaries of American Conservatism. | 2000 | Manchester, England: Manchester University Press |
| Martin Durham | "From Imperium to Internet: the National Alliance and the American Extreme Right" | 2002 | Patterns of Prejudice 36(3), (July): 50-61 |
| Roger Eatwell | Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge | 2004 | |
| Nicholas Fraser | The Voice of Modern Hatred: Encounters with Europe's New Right | 2000 | |
| Paul Hainsworth | The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. | 2000 | London: Pinter |
| Piero Ignazi | Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe | 2003 | Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0199291594 |
| Jeffrey Kaplan, with contributions from Leonard Weinberg | The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical Right | 1998 | Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813525640 |
| Bert Klandermans | Extreme Right Activists in Europe: Through the Magnifying Glass | 2006 | |
| Daniel Levitas | The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right | 2002 | |
| Peter Merkl | The Revival of Right-Wing Extremism in the Nineties | 1997 | |
| Peter Merkl | Right-Wing Extremism in the Twenty-First Century | 2003 | |
| Pippa Norris | Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market | 2005 | Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052161385X |
| Angus Roxburgh | Preachers of Hate: The Rise of the Far Right | 2002 | |
| Jens Rydgren | Movements of Exclusion: Radical Right-Wing Populism in the Western World | 2005 | |
| Martin Schain | Shadows Over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right in Western Europe | 2002 | |
| David Schmitz | The United States and Right-Wing Dictatorships, 1965-1989 | 2006 | Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521678536 |
| David Schoenbaum | Hitler's Social Revolution: Class and Status in Nazi Germany, 1933-1939 | 1966 | ISBN 0393315541 |
| Robert Brent Toplin | Radical Conservatism: The Right's Political Religion | 2006 | University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700614877 |
| Michelle Hale Williams | The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies | 2006 |
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