From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 331 days remaining until the end of the year (332 in leap years).

Events

• 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
• 1377 – More than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are slaughtered by Papal Troops (Cesena Bloodbath).
• 1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.
• 1509 – The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.
• 1534 – The Irish rebel Silken Thomas is executed by the order of Henry VIII in London, England.
• 1637 – Tulip mania collapses in the United Provinces (now the Netherlands) by government order.
• 1690 – The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in America.
• 1706 – During the Battle of Fraustadt Swedish forces defeat a superior Saxon-Polish-Russian force by deploying a double envelopment.
• 1783 – American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.
• 1787 – Shays' Rebellion is crushed.
• 1807 – A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the city of Montevideo, then part of the Spanish Empire now the capital of Uruguay.
• 1809 – The Illinois Territory is created.
• 1813 – The Battle of San Lorenzo takes place. It is the first military action of José de San Martín's cavalry élite unit Granaderos a Caballo at the Argentine War of Independence.
• 1830 – The sovereignty of Greece is confirmed in a London Protocol.
• 1834 – Wake Forest University is established.
• 1852 – The Battle of Caseros marks the end of the hegemony of Buenos Aires Province Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas over the Argentine Confederation.
• 1867 – Emperor Meiji becomes the 122nd emperor of Japan.
• 1870 – The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to citizens regardless of race.
• 1900 – Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky.
• 1913 – The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.
• 1916 – Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Canada burn down.
• 1917 – World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
• 1918 – The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco, California begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long.
• 1930 – The Communist Party of Vietnam is established.
• 1931 – The Hawke's Bay earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.
• 1944 – World War II: During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, U.S. Army and Marine forces seize Kwajalein Atoll from the defending Japanese garrison.
• 1945 – World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 to 3,000 and dehouses another 120,000.
• 1947 – The lowest temperature in North America is recorded in Snag, Yukon.
• 1957 – Senegalese political party Democratic Rally merges into the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS).
• 1958 – Founding of the Benelux Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later European Economic Community.
• 1959 – A plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa kills Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, The Big Bopper, and pilot Roger Peterson and the incident becomes known as The Day the Music Died.
• 1960 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan speaks of the "a wind of change" of increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial Africa, signalling that his Government was likely to support decolonisation.
• 1966 – The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon.
• 1967 – Ronald Ryan, the last person to be executed in Australia, is hanged in Pentridge Prison, Melbourne.
• 1969 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.
• 1971 – New York Police Officer Frank Serpico is shot during a drug bust in Brooklyn and survives to later testify against police corruption. Many believe the incident proves that NYPD officers tried to kill him.
• 1984 – John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history's first embryo transfer, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.
• 1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B is launched using Space Shuttle Challenger.
• 1988 – Iran-Contra Affair: The United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $36.25 million to aid Nicaraguan Contras.
• 1989 – After a stroke, P.W. Botha resigns party leadership and the presidency of South Africa.
• 1989 – A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.
• 1996 – The Lijiang earthquake in Lijiang, Yunnan, China.
• 1998 – Karla Faye Tucker is executed in Texas becoming the first woman executed in the United States since 1984.
• 1998 – Cavalese cable-car disaster: a United States Military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.
• 2007 – A Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.

Births

• 1338 – Jeanne de Bourbon, wife of Charles V of France (d. 1378)
• 1677 – Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723)
• 1689 – Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (d. 1741)
• 1690 – Richard Rawlinson, English minister (d. 1755)
• 1721 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (d. 1773)
• 1747 – Samuel Osgood, American patriot (d. 1813)
• 1777 – John Cheyne, British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836)
• 1795 – Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence leader (d. 1830)
• 1807 – Joseph E. Johnston, American Confederate general (d. 1891)
• 1808 – Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar, Princess of Prussia (d. 1877)
• 1809 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847)
• 1811 – Horace Greeley, American journalist, editor, and publisher (d. 1872)
• 1817 – Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist (d. 1881)
• 1821 – Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician (d. 1910)
• 1824 – Ranald MacDonald, Canadian-born Scottish educator and interpreter (d. 1894)
• 1826 – Walter Bagehot, English essayist, journalist and businessman (d. 1877)
• 1830 – Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
• 1842 – Sidney Lanier, American writer (d. 1881)
• 1843 – William Cornelius Van Horne, American-born railway pioneer and executive (d. 1915)
• 1857 – Giuseppe Moretti, Italian sculptor (d. 1935)
• 1859 – Hugo Junkers, German aircraft designer (d. 1935)
• 1862 – James Clark McReynolds, American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1946)
• 1872 – Lou Criger, American baseball player (d. 1934)
• 1874 – Gertrude Stein, American writer (d. 1946)
• 1876 – William Tedmarsh, English-born American silent movie actor (d. 1937)
• 1887 – Juan Negrín, Spanish Prime Minister (d. 1956)
• 1887 – Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (d. 1914)
• 1889 – Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish film director (d. 1968)
• 1893 – Gaston Julia, French mathematician (d. 1978)
• 1894 – Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (d. 1978)
• 1898 – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
• 1899 – João Café Filho, Brazilian president (d. 1970)
• 1899 – Lao She, Chinese writer (d. 1966)
• 1899 – Doris Speed, English actress (d. 1994)
• 1904 – Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (d. 1975)
• 1904 – Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (d. 1934)
• 1905 – Arne Beurling, American mathematician(d. 1986)
• 1907 – James Michener, American author (d. 1997)
• 1909 – André Cayatte, French filmmaker (d. 1989)
• 1909 – Simone Weil, French philosopher (d. 1943)
• 1911 – Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (d. 1940)
• 1911 – Robert Earl Jones, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1912 – Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist (d. 1990)
• 1912 – Mary Carlisle, American actress and singer
• 1913 – Richard Seaman, British racing driver (d. 1939)
• 1918 – Joey Bishop, American entertainer, member of the Rat Pack (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Helen Stephens, American runner (d. 1994)
• 1920 – Tony Gaze, Australian racing driver
• 1920 – Henry Heimlich, American physician
• 1923 – Alys Robi, French Canadian singer
• 1924 – E. P. Thompson, English socialist historian, (The Making of the English Working Class), (d. 1993)
• 1924 – Martial Asselin, Canadian politician and lieutenant governor of Quebec
• 1925 – Keith Dunstan, Australian author and journalist
• 1925 – John Fiedler, American voice actor (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Leon Schlumpf, member of the Swiss Federal Council
• 1926 – Shelley Berman, American comedian
• 1926 – Hans-Jochen Vogel, German politician
• 1927 – Kenneth Anger, American Underground Filmmaker
• 1927 – Val Doonican, Irish singer and entertainer
• 1927 – Joan Lowery Nixon, American writer (d. 2003)
• 1927 – Blas Ople, Filipino politician (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Frankie Vaughan, English singer (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Ken Shipp, American football coach
• 1930 – Gillian Ayres, English painter
• 1932 – Peggy Ann Garner, American actress (d. 1984)
• 1933 – Paul Sarbanes, American politician
• 1938 – Victor Buono, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1938 – Emile Griffith, US Virgin Islands boxer
• 1939 – Michael Cimino, American film director
• 1940 – Fran Tarkenton, American football player
• 1941 – Neil Bogart, American record executive (d. 1982)
• 1941 – Dory Funk, Jr., American professional wrestler
• 1943 – Blythe Danner, American actress
• 1943 – Dennis Edwards, American singer (The Temptations)
• 1943 – Shawn Phillips, American singer, guitarist and songwriter
• 1944 – Trisha Noble, Australian singer and actress
• 1945 – Johnny Cymbal, American singer and songwriter (d. 1993)
• 1945 – Bob Griese, American football player
• 1947 – Paul Auster, American novelist
• 1947 – Dave Davies, English musician (The Kinks)
• 1947 – Stephen McHattie, Canadian actor
• 1947 – Melanie Safka, American singer-songwriter
• 1948 – Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, East Timorese politician, Nobel Peace laureate
• 1948 – Henning Mankell, Swedish author
• 1949 – Arthur Kane, American musician (d. 2004)
• 1949 – Hennie Kuiper, Dutch cyclist
• 1950 – Morgan Fairchild, American actress
• 1951 – Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager
• 1952 – Fred Lynn, American baseball player
• 1953 – Savvas Tsitouridis, Greek politician
• 1954 – Tiger Williams, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1955 – Stephen Euin Cobb, American novelist
• 1955 – Kirsty Wark, British broadcast journalist
• 1956 – John Jefferson, American football player
• 1956 – Nathan Lane, American actor
• 1956 – Lee Ranaldo, American musician (Sonic Youth)
• 1957 – Chico Serra, Brazilian racing driver
• 1957 – Steven Stapleton, English musician (Nurse With Wound)
• 1958 – Joe F. Edwards, Jr., American astronaut
• 1958 – N. Gregory Mankiw, American economist
• 1959 – Thomas Calabro, American actor
• 1959 – Yasuharu Konishi, Japanese musician (Pizzicato Five)
• 1959 – Lol Tolhurst, English musician (The Cure)
• 1959 – Ferzan Özpetek, Turkish cinema director
• 1960 – Kerry Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1993)
• 1961 – Jay Adams, American skateboarder
• 1961 – Linda Eder, American singer
• 1961 – Keith Gordon, American actor
• 1962 – Michele Greene, American actress
• 1962 – Marty Jannetty, American professional wrestler
• 1963 – Raghuram Rajan, American economist
• 1965 – Karlous Marx Shinohamba, Namibian politician
• 1965 – Kathleen Kinmont, American actress
• 1965 – Maura Tierney, American actress
• 1966 – Frank Coraci, American film director
• 1966 – Kostas Patavoukas, Greek basketball player
• 1967 – Dave Benson Phillips, English children's TV presenter
• 1967 – Bob Taylor, English footballer
• 1968 – Vlade Divac, Serbian basketball player
• 1969 – Retief Goosen, South African golfer
• 1969 – Robert Pack, American basketball player
• 1970 – Óscar Córdoba, Colombian footballer
• 1970 – Warwick Davis, English actor
• 1971 – Sean Dawkins, American football player
• 1971 – Elisa Donovan, American actress
• 1971 – Vincent Elbaz, French actor
• 1971 – Hong Seok-cheon, South Korean actor
• 1971 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (d. 1999)
• 1972 – Jesper Kyd, Danish film and video game music composer
• 1972 – Mart Poom, Estonian footballer
• 1973 – Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist
• 1974 – Konrad Gałka, Polish swimmer
• 1974 – Julie Meadows, American pornographic actress
• 1974 – Miriam Yeung, Hong Kong actress
• 1976 – Mathieu Dandenault, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Isla Fisher, Australian actress
• 1976 – Tim Heidecker, American comedian
• 1976 – Dwayne Rudd, American football player
• 1977 – Daddy Yankee , Puerto Rican reggaeton singer/rapper
• 1978 – Adrian R'Mante, American actor
• 1978 – Eliza Schneider, American actress and singer
• 1980 – Sarah Lewitinn, American writer
• 1980 – Kim E-Z, former member of the Korean girl group Baby V.O.X.
• 1980 – Rakhi Sawant, Indian item girl
• 1981 – Alisa Reyes, American actress and singer
• 1981 – Maurice Ross, Scottish footballer
• 1982 – Alan Gurr, Australian V8 Supercar driver
• 1982 – Jessica Harp, American singer (The Wreckers)
• 1983 – Richard Bartel, American football player
• 1983 – Silambarasan Rajendar, Indian Tamil actor
• 1983 – Gabriel Sargissian, Armenian chess Grandmaster
• 1988 – Kyuhyun, a singer, a member of Korean boy group Super Junior
• 1989 – Slobodan Rajković, Serbian footballer
• 1989 – Ryne Sanborn, American actor
• 1990 – Sean Kingston, Jamaican/American singer/rapper

Deaths

• 619 – Laurence of Canterbury, 2nd Archbishop of Canterbury
• 699 – Saint Werburgh
• 1014 – King Sweyn I of Denmark
• 1116 – King Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070)
• 1399 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. 1340)
• 1428 – Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (b. 1386)
• 1451 – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404)
• 1468 – Johannes Gutenberg, German publisher
• 1549 – Sri Suriyothai, Chief Queen of Ayutthaya
• 1566 – George Cassander, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)
• 1619 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English conspirator (b. 1564)
• 1737 – Tommaso Ceva, Italian Mathematician (b. 1648)
• 1802 – Pedro Rodríguez, Conde de Campomanes, Spanish statesman (b. 1723)
• 1832 – George Crabbe, English naturalist (b. 1754)
• 1862 – Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist (b. 1774)
• 1866 – François-Xavier Garneau, French Canadian poet and historian (b. 1809)
• 1873 – Isaac Baker Brown, English gynaecologist and surgeon (b. 1811)
• 1874 – Lunalilo, Hawaiian monarch (b. 1835)
• 1889 – Belle Starr, American outlaw (b. 1848)
• 1922 – John Butler Yeats, Northern Irish artist (b. 1839)
• 1924 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, Nobel laureate (b. 1856)
• 1929 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish scientist (b. 1878)
• 1935 – Hugo Junkers, German engineer (b. 1859)
• 1936 – Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b. 1885)
• 1937 – Marija Leiko, Latvian film actress (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Roland Freisler, Nazi leader (b. 1893)
• 1947 – Marc Mitscher, American Navy Admiral (b. 1887)
• 1952 – Harold L. Ickes, American administrator and politician (b. 1874)
• 1956 – Émile Borel, French mathematician (b. 1871)
• 1956 – Johnny Claes, Belgian racing driver (b. 1916)
• 1959 – The Day the Music Died
  • Buddy Holly, American singer (b. 1936)
  • Roger Peterson, pilot (b. 1937)
  • Ritchie Valens, American singer (b. 1941)
  • J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, American singer (b. 1930)
• 1960 – Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921)
• 1961 – Viscount Dunrossil, Australian governor-general (b. 1893)
• 1964 – Sir Albert Richardson, English architect (b. 1880)
• 1967 – Joe Meek, English record producer (b. 1929)
• 1969 – Eduardo Mondlane Mozambican independence founder (b. 1920)
• 1975 – William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (b. 1873)
• 1975 – Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer (b. 1904)
• 1985 – Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1912)
• 1989 – John Cassavetes, American actor (b. 1929)
• 1989 – Lionel Newman, American movie music orchestra leader, composer and arranger (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Harry Ackerman, American TV executive producer (b. 1912)
• 1991 – Nancy Kulp, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1998 – Fat Pat, American rapper (Screwed Up Click) (b. 1970)
• 2003 – Lana Clarkson, American actress and model (b. 1962)
• 2009 – Sheng-yen, Buddhist monk and founder of Dharma Drum Mountain. (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Regina, Crown Princess of Austria (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Aaron the Illustrious (Syriac Orthodox Church)
  • Ansgar, patron saint of Denmark
  • Berlinda of Meerbeke
  • Blaise, Catholics visit churches to have their throats blessed.
  • Celsa and Nona
  • Hadelin
  • Margaret of England
  • Werburgh
  • February 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Four Chaplains Day (United States)
• Heroes' Day (Mozambique)
• Setsubun (Japan)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

From Wikiquote

Quotes of the day from previous years:

2004

The things to do are: the things that need doing, that you see need to be done, and that no one else seems to see need to be done. ~ Buckminster Fuller

• selected by Kalki

2005

The past is but the beginning of a beginning, and all that is or has been is but the twilight of the dawn. ~ H. G. Wells

• selected by Kalki

2006

An age is called Dark not because the light fails to shine, but because people refuse to see it. ~ James A. Michener (born c. 3 February 1907)

• proposed by UDScott

2007

At the bottom of the heart of every human being, from earliest infancy until the tomb, there is something that goes on indomitably expecting, in the teeth of all experience of crimes committed, suffered, and witnessed, that good and not evil will be done to him. It is this above all that is sacred in every human being. ~ Simone Weil (born 3 February 1909)

• proposed by InvisibleSun

2008

When war is waged it is for the purpose of safeguarding or increasing one's capacity to make war. International politics are wholly involved in this vicious cycle. What is called national prestige consists in behaving always in such a way as to demoralize other nations by giving them the impression that, if it comes to war, one would certainly defeat them. What is called national security is an imaginary state of affairs in which one would retain the capacity to make war while depriving all other countries of it. ~ Simone Weil

• proposed by InvisibleSun

2009

The whole duty of man consists in being reasonable and just ... I am reasonable because I know the difference between understanding and not understanding and I am just because I have no opinion about things I don’t understand. ~ Gertrude Stein (Date of birth)

• proposed by UDScott

2010

Suggestions

I went down to the sacred store
Where I'd heard the music years before
But the man there said the music wouldn't play
And in the streets the children screamed
The lovers cried and the poets dreamed
But not a word was spoken
The church bells all were broken And the three men I admire most
The Father Son and Holy Ghost
They caught the last train for the coast
The day the music died.
~ Don McLean, American Pie, to commemorate The Day the Music Died, on this date in 1959

• 3 ~ UDScott 22:03, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC) ( and I will try to get around to creating a page for him sometime soon...)
• 2 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

When you are writing before there is an audience anything written is as important as any other thing and you cherish anything and everything that you have written. After the audience begins, naturally they create something that is they create you, and so not everything is so important, something is more important than another thing. ~ Gertrude Stein (born February 3, 1874)

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

If anything is a surprise then there is not much difference between older and younger because the only thing that does make anybody older is that they cannot be surprised. ~ Gertrude Stein

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

It always did bother me that the American public were more interested in me than in my work. And after all there is no sense in it because if it were not for my work they would not be interested in me so why should they not be more interested in my work than in me. That is one of the things one has to worry about in America. ~ Gertrude Stein

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

If the stars are suns and the earth is the earth and there are men only upon this earth and anything can put an end to anything and any dog does anything like anybody does it what is the difference between eternity and anything. ~ Gertrude Stein

• 4 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Politeness does not interfere with facts, politeness is just another fact. ~ Gertrude Stein

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

After all, human beings are like that. When they are alone they want to be with others, and when they are with others they want to be alone. ~ Gertrude Stein

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Men of the most brilliant intelligence can be born, live and die in error and falsehood. In them, intelligence is neither a good, nor even an asset. The difference between more or less intelligent men is like the difference between criminals condemned to life imprisonment in smaller or larger cells. The intelligent man who is proud of his intelligence is like a condemned man who is proud of his large cell. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

A profession can confer on quite ordinary men in their exercise of it, virtues which, if they were extended to all circumstances of life, would make of them heroes or saints. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Truth is sought not because it is truth but because it is good. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Power must not seem to be arbitrarily allocated, because it will not then be recognized as power. Therefore prestige, which is illusion, is of the very essence of power. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 InvisibleSun 07:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

God's love for us is not the reason for which we should love him. God's love for us is the reason for us to love ourselves. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 InvisibleSun 19:33, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
• 3 Kalki 16:03, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 21:46, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

A gram of experience is worth a ton of theory. ~ Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (born 3 February 1830)

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 2 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

On general grounds I object to Parliament trying to regulate private morality in matters which only affects the person who commits the offence. ~ Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (born 3 February 1830)

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

The great difficulty which history records is not that of the first step, but that of the second step. What is most evident is not the difficulty of getting a fixed law, but getting out of a fixed law; not of cementing (as upon a former occasion I phrased it) a cake of custom, but of breaking the cake of custom; not of making the first preservative habit, but of breaking through it, and reaching something better. ~ Walter Bagehot (born 3 February 1826)

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

One of the greatest pains to human nature is the pain of a new idea. ~ Walter Bagehot (born 3 February 1826)

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Rights are always asserted in a tone of contention; and when this tone is adopted, it must rely upon force in the background, or else it will be laughed at. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Whenever one tries to suppress doubt, there is tyranny. ~ Simone Weil

• 3 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 2 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Only he who has measured the dominion of force, and knows how not to respect it, is capable of love and justice. ~ Simone Weil

• 4 Kalki 22:51, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 3 InvisibleSun 23:06, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
• 1 Zarbon 04:39, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

From StrategyWiki, the free strategy guide and walkthrough wiki

Articles detailing events that are related to February 3. This may include the release of games or systems, the founding of a video game related company or some other important event.

From Familypedia

February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 331 days remaining until the end of the year (332 in leap years).

Events

• 1112 - marriage of Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence, uniting the fortunes of those two states
• 1377 - more than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are slaughtered by Papal Troops (Cesena Bloodbath).
• 1451 - Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1488 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa, becoming the first known European to travel this far south.
• 1509 - The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.
• 1690 - The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in America.
• 1706 - Swedish forces defeats a superior Saxon-Russian force by deploying a text book example of a double envelopment during the Battle of Fraustadt.
• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.
• 1787 - Shays' Rebellion is crushed, ending an uprising that would prompt negotiations that would result in the drafting of the Constitution of the United States.
• 1807 - A British military force, under Brig-Gen. Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the city of Montevideo, then part of the Spanish Empire now capital of Uruguay, following a siege.
• 1809 - Illinois Territory is created.
• 1815 - The first commercial cheese factory is founded (Switzerland).
• 1830 - The sovereignty of Greece was confirmed in a London Protocol.
• 1834 - The Baptist State Convention of North Carolina establishes the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute, today known as Wake Forest University.
• 1867 - Prince Mutshito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan.
• 1870 - The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified, grants voting rights regardless of race.
• 1900 - Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort. Former Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebel.
• 1913 - The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect a graduated income tax.
• 1916 - Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Canada burn down.
• 1917 - World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after Germany announces a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
• 1918 - The Twin Peaks Tunnel begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long).
• 1923 - Alpha Zeta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia founded at Pennsylvania State University.
• 1930 - The Communist Party of Vietnam was born.
• 1931 - The Napier earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.
• 1941 - World War II: The Nazis forcibly restore Pierre Laval to office in occupied Vichy, France.
• 1944 - World War II: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
• 1945 - World War II: Soviet Union agrees to enter the Pacific Theatre conflict against Japan.
• 1945 - World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17's of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin.
• 1947 - Percival Prattis becomes the first African American news correspondent allowed in the United States House and Senate press gallery.
• 1947 - Coldest ever temperature recorded in North America at Snag, -63 degrees Celsius (-81.4 Fahrenheit)
• 1952 - The earliest known tropical storm makes landfall in South Florida.
• 1957 - Senegalese political party Democratic Rally merges into the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS).
• 1959 - The Day The Music Died: A plane crash kills rock-and-roll performers Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper.
• 1966 - The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon.
• 1967 - Ronald Ryan, the last person to be executed in Australia, is hanged in Pentridge Prison, Melbourne.
• 1969 - In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.
• 1974 - Science fiction author Philip K. Dick reportedly has a gnostic religious experience or theophany, later recounted in his books Valis (1981) and Radio Free Albemuth (1985).
• 1984 - Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission - Astronauts, Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make first untethered spacewalks using the Manned Maneuvering Unit.
• 1988 - Iran-Contra Affair: The United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $36.25 million to aid Nicaraguan Contras.
• 1989 - After a stroke, P.W. Botha resigns party leadership and the presidency of South Africa.
• 1989 - A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.
• 1991 - In Italy, the Italian Communist Party is dissolved, and split into the Democratic Party of the Left and the Communist Refoundation Party.
• 1997 - Sixth general elections held in Pakistan under 1973 constitution.
• 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker is executed in Texas becoming the first woman executed in the United States since 1984.
• 1998 - Cavalese cable-car disaster: a United States Military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.
• 1999 - In Jammu and Kashmir the political party Democratic Janata Dal is revived.
• 2004 - Jóannes Eidesgaard becomes Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands.
• 2007 - The Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.

Births

• 1338 - Jeanne de Bourbon, wife of Charles V of France (d. 1378)
• 1677 - Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723)
• 1690 - Richard Rawlinson, English minister (d. 1755)
• 1721 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (d. 1773)
• 1747 - Samuel Osgood, American patriot (d. 1813)
• 1754 - George Crabbe, English naturalist (d. 1832)
• 1795 - Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence leader (d. 1830)
• 1807 - Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate general (d. 1891)
• 1808 - Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar, Princess of Prussia (d. 1877)
• 1809 - Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847)
• 1811 - Horace Greeley, American journalist, editor, and publisher (d. 1872)
• 1817 - Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist (d. 1881)
• 1821 - Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician (d. 1910)
• 1830 - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
• 1842 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (d. 1881)
• 1843 - William Cornelius Van Horne, American-born railway pioneer and executive (d. 1915)
• 1859 - Hugo Junkers, German aircraft designer (d. 1935)
• 1862 - James Clark McReynolds, American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1946)
• 1872 - Lou Criger, American baseball player (d. 1934)
• 1874 - Gertrude Stein, American writer (d. 1946)
• 1887 - Juan Negrín, Spanish Prime Minister (d. 1956)
• 1887 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (d. 1914)
• 1893 - Gaston Julia, French mathematician (d. 1978)
• 1894 - Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (d. 1978)
• 1898 - Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
• 1899 - Lao She, Chinese writer (d. 1966)
• 1899 - João Café Filho, Brazilian president (m.1970)
• 1899 - Doris Speed, English actress (d.1994)
• 1904 - Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (d. 1975)
• 1904 - Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (d. 1934)
• 1905 - Arne Beurling, American mathematician(d. 1986)
• 1907 - James Michener, American author (d. 1997)
• 1909 - Simone Weil, French philosopher (d. 1943)
• 1909 - André Cayatte, French filmmaker (d. 1989)
• 1911 - Robert Earl Jones, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1911 - Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (d. 1940)
• 1912 - Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist (d. 1990)
• 1913 - Richard Seaman, British racing driver (d. 1939)
• 1918 - Joey Bishop, American entertainer, member of the Rat Pack (d. 2007)
• 1918 - Helen Stephens, American runner
• 1920 - Henry Heimlich, American physician
• 1920 - Tony Gaze, Australian racing driver
• 1923 - Alys Robi, Quebec singer
• 1924 - Martial Asselin, French Canadian politician and lieutenant governor of Quebec
• 1925 - John Fiedler, American voice actor (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Keith Dunstan, Australian author and journalist
• 1925 - Leon Schlumpf, member of the Swiss Federal Council
• 1926 - Shelley Berman, American comedian
• 1926 - Hans-Jochen Vogel, German politician
• 1927 - Val Doonican, Irish singer and entertainer
• 1927 - Joan Lowery Nixon, American writer (d. 2003)
• 1927 - Kenneth Anger, American Underground Filmmaker
• 1930 - Gillian Ayres, English painter
• 1932 - Peggy Ann Garner, American actress (d. 1984)
• 1933 - Paul Sarbanes, American politician
• 1938 - Victor Buono, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1938 - Emile Griffith, US Virgin Islands professional boxer
• 1939 - Michael Cimino, American film director
• 1940 - Fran Tarkenton, American football player
• 1941 - Neil Bogart, American record executive (d. 1982)
• 1943 - Blythe Danner, American actress
• 1943 - Dennis Edwards, American singer (The Temptations)
• 1943 - Shawn Phillips, American singer, guitarist and songwriter
• 1944 - Trisha Noble, Australian singer and actress
• 1945 - Bob Griese, American football player
• 1945 - Johnny Cymbal, American singer and songwriter (d. 1993)
• 1947 - Paul Auster, American novelist
• 1947 - Dave Davies, British musician (The Kinks)
• 1947 - Melanie Safka, American singer-songwriter
• 1948 - Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, East Timor politician, Nobel Peace laureate
• 1948 - Henning Mankell, Swedish author
• 1949 - Hennie Kuiper, Dutch cyclist
• 1950 - Morgan Fairchild, American actress
• 1951 - Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager
• 1952 - Fred Lynn, American baseball player
• 1954 - Tiger Williams, Canadian ice hockey players
• 1955 - Stephen Euin Cobb, American novelist
• 1955 - Kirsty Wark, British broadcast journalist
• 1956 - Nathan Lane, American actor
• 1956 - John Jefferson, American football player
• 1956 - Lee Ranaldo, American musician (Sonic Youth)
• 1957 - Chico Serra, Brazilian racing driver
• 1957 - Steven Stapleton, British musician (Nurse With Wound)
• 1958 - N. Gregory Mankiw, American economist
• 1959 - Thomas Calabro, American actor
• 1959 - Laurence Tolhurst, British musician (The Cure)
• 1959 - Yasuharu Konishi, Japanese musician (Pizzicato Five)
• 1960 - Kerry Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1993)
• 1961 - Keith Gordon, American actor
• 1961 - Jay Adams, American skateboarder
• 1962 - Michele Greene, American actress
• 1965 - Maura Tierney, American actress
• 1965 - Karlous Marx Shinohamba, Namibian politician
• 1967 - Bob Taylor, English footballer
• 1968 - Vlade Divac, Serbian professional basketball player
• 1969 - Retief Goosen, professional golfer
• 1970 - Warwick Davis, British actor
• 1970 - Oscar Cordoba, Colombian footballer
• 1971 - Elisa Donovan, American actress
• 1971 - Sarah Kane, English playwright (d. 1999)
• 1971 - Hong Seok-cheon, South Korean actor
• 1972 - Mart Poom, Estonian football player
• 1973 - Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist
• 1974 - Miriam Yeung, Hong Kong actress
• 1974 - Konrad Gałka, Polish swimmer
• 1976 - Mathieu Dandenault, Canadian hockey player
• 1976 - Isla Fisher, Australian actress
• 1976 - Dwayne Rudd, American football player
• 1977 - Daddy Yankee , nominated reggaeton singer/rapper.
• 1978 - Adrian R'Mante, American actor
• 1978 - Eliza Schneider, American actress and singer
• 1980 - Sarah Lewitinn, American writer
• 1981 - Maurice Ross, English footballer
• 1982 - Jessica Harp, American singer (The Wreckers)
• 1982 - Alan Gurr, Australian V8 Supercar driver
• 1983 - Hillary Scott, American pornographic actress
• 1983 - Silambarasan Rajendar,famous south Indian actor
• 1989 - Ryne Sanborn, American actor
• 1989 - Slobodan Rajković , Serbian footballer
• 1990 - Sean Kingston, American reggae rapper
• 1991 - Adrian Quaife-Hobbs, British racing driver

Deaths

• 619 - Laurence of Canterbury, 2nd Archbishop of Canterbury
• 699 - Saint Werburgh
• 1014 - King Sweyn I of Denmark
• 1116 - King Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070)
• 1399 - John of Gaunt (b. 1340)
• 1428 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (b. 1386)
• 1451 - Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404)
• 1468 - Johannes Gutenberg, German publisher
• 1566 - George Cassander, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)
• 1619 - Henry Brooke, English conspirator (b. 1564)
• 1737 - Tommaso Ceva, Italian Mathematician (b. 1648)
• 1802 - Pedro Rodríguez, Spanish statesman (b. 1723)
• 1862 - Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist (b. 1774)
• 1866 - François-Xavier Garneau, French Canadian poet and historian (b. 1809)
• 1874 - Lunalilo, Hawaiian monarch (b. 1835)
• 1889 - Belle Starr, American outlaw (b. 1848)
• 1922 - John Butler Yeats, Northern Irish artist (b. 1839)
• 1924 - Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, Nobel laureate (b. 1856)
• 1929 - Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish scientist (b. 1878)
• 1935 - Hugo Junkers, German engineer (b. 1859)
• 1936 - Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b.1885)
• 1945 - Roland Freisler, Nazi leader (b. 1893)
• 1947 - Marc Mitscher, American Navy Admiral (b. 1887)
• 1956 - Émile Borel, French mathematician (b. 1871)
• 1956 - Johnny Claes, Belgian racing driver (b. 1916)
• 1959 - Also known as The Day the Music Died because of the deaths of:
  • Buddy Holly, American singer (b. 1936)
  • Ritchie Valens, American singer (b. 1941)
  • J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, American singer (b. 1930)
• 1960 - Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921)
• 1964 - Sir Albert Richardson, English architect (b. 1880)
• 1967 - Joe Meek, English record producer (b. 1929)
• 1969 - Eduardo Mondlane Mozambique independence founder (b. 1920)
• 1975 - Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer (b. 1904)
• 1985 - Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1912)
• 1989 - John Cassavetes, American actor (b. 1929)
• 1989 - Lionel Newman, American movie music orchestra leader, composer and arranger (b. 1916)
• 1991 - Harry Ackerman, American TV executive producer (b. 1912)
• 1991 - Nancy Kulp, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1993 - Paul Emery, British racing driver (b. 1916)
• 1996 - Audrey Meadows, American actress (b. 1926)
• 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker, American murderer (b. 1959)
• 2000 - Richard Kleindienst, American politician (b. 1923)
• 2003 - Lana Clarkson, American actress (b. 1962)
• 2004 - Jason Raize, American musical theatre actor (b. 1975)
• 2005 - Corrado Cardinal Bafile, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1903)
• 2005 - Ernst Mayr, German-born biologist (b. 1904)
• 2005 - Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia (b. 1963)
• 2006 - Al Lewis, American actor (b. 1923)
• 2007 - Pedro Knight, Cuban-American musician, husband of legendary singer Celia Cruz (b. 1921)
• 2007 - Ralph de Toledano, Moroccan-born American political columnist and author (b. 1916)
• 2007 - George Becker, American president of United Steelworkers (1993–2001) (b. 1928)

Holidays and observances

• Japan - the festival of Setsubun before spring.
• Mozambique - Heroes' Day.
• United States - Four Chaplains Day.
• United States - the earliest calendar day that Mardi Gras can occur.

liturgical feasts

• Saint Blaise, Catholics visit churches to have their throats blessed.
• Aaron the Illustrious, saint of the Syriac Orthodox Church^[1]
• Saint Ansgar, patron saint of Denmark
• Saint Hadelin
• Saint Werburgh
• Saint Berlindis
• Saint Nona and Saint Celsa
  • February 3

References

1. ^ *Holweck, F. G. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saint. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day

• On This Day in Canada