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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Location of Howe Sound in British Columbia.

Fjords in Canada, (fiords in Canada), are long, narrow inlets characterized by steep sides, created in a valley carved by glacial activity. A fjord can have two or more basins separated by sills. The bowls can have a depth of 20 to 500 m (66 to 1,600 ft) and the dividing sills can raise up to a few metres below the water surface. Mountainous glaciated areas in Canada are along the British Columbia Coast: from the Alaskan border along the Portland Canal to Indian Arm. Kingcome Inlet is a typical West Coast fjord.

Lesser fjords in Canada are located along the coastline of Newfoundland and Labrador such as Saglek Fjord,[1] Nachvak Fjord,[1] Anaktalâk Bay,[1] Western Brook Pond, Hebron Fjord, and Bonne Bay in Gros Morne National Park.[2]

Quebec's Saguenay River valley contains a fjord. The Saguenay Fjord is 100 km (62 mi) long and 275 m (900 ft) deep.[2]

The Canadian Arctic Archipelago also features fjords such as those around Ellesmere and Baffin Island, including Alexandra Fjord, Ellesmere Island,[1] and Sam Ford Fjord,[1] Baffin Island.

When a portion of the high cliff wall falls off, it may cause a tsunami. This occurred in the early 1900s at Western Brook Pond of Gros Morne National Park when a 30 m (98 ft) tsunami was created after Broke Off Cliff fell.[3]

In this listing, a fjord may consist of several complex waterways. These waterways may contribute to the length of the fjord. For more information on these please see the main fjord source or wikipedia article. Some examples are Dean Channel and Douglas Channel. The locality of Hagensborg in the Bella Coola Valley in the Dean Channel fjord was settled by Norwegian immigrants in 1894 as it reminded them of home.[4] The total length of the fjord from the head of Dean Channel to the mouth of Fitz Hugh Sound is about 170 km (110 mi) rivalling Hardangerfjord in Norway for length. The Hardangerfjord, the Queen of fjords, at a length of 179 km (111 mi) is claimed to be fourth largest fjord in the world and second largest of Norway.[5][6]

Anaktalak Fjord, Saglek Fjord and Nachvak Fjord off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador are being studied for environmental changes due to global warming. Increased tourism and marine traffic, contaminants from air, water or industrial pollution, changing weather patterns are affeting what once had been pristine water basins of the fjords protected by sills.[1]

According to the article, Portland Canal, the use of the word canal to name fjords/inlets on the British Columbia Coast and the Alaska Panhandle is a legacy of the Spanish exploration of the area in the 1700s. For example, Haro Strait between Victoria and the San Juan Islands was originally Canal de Haro. The English cognate to the Spanish canal is "channel", which is found throughout the coast, cf. Dean Channel.

The article, Sechelt Inlet, states that fjords on the British Columbia Coast have rapids, which are termed skookumchucks which means strong waters (tidal rapid) in Chinook Jargon, the old coastal trade language). Skookumchuks are caused by the typical shallows near the mouth of a fjord as the volume of water inside the fjord's depths tries to pour out to, or in from, the more open waters beyond.[7][8][9]

The phenomenon of Mountain-gap wind or squamish or outflow affects the fjords of Canada and Norway. The outflow winds at the Salt and Bols fjords of Norway and the Howe Sound and Portland Inlet of Canada have been compared. European winds may be termed Bora. The cold dry air of the continental interior seeks out the easier passage through the fjord valley creating hurricane force winds.[10]

Western Brook Pond, fjord or fjord lake

According to the definition, fjord, Western Brook Pond, in Newfoundland's Gros Morne National Park, is also often described as a fjord, but is actually a freshwater lake cut off from the sea, so is not a fjord in the English sense of the term. Such lakes are sometimes called "fjord lakes".[11] It is of interest to note that Pissing Mare Falls at 350 m (1,100 ft) high, is one of several waterfalls to drain into Western Brook Pond, Along the British Columbia Coast, a notable fjord-lake is Owikeno Lake, which is a freshwater extension of Rivers Inlet.

List of fjords

List of Canadian fjords:
Image Fjords Province Co-ordinates Comments
Agate Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°26′59″N 093°00′00″W / 79.44972°N 93°W / 79.44972; -93 (Agate Fiord)
Akpait Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°53′18″N 061°53′34″W / 66.88833°N 61.89278°W / 66.88833; -61.89278 (Akpait Fiord)
Aktijartukan Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°06′00″N 063°55′00″W / 65.1°N 63.9166667°W / 65.1; -63.9166667 (Aktijartukan Fiord)
Alan Reach[13] British Columbia
AlbernCanal.jpg Alberni Inlet[14] British Columbia 49°05′00″N 124°49′00″W / 49.0833333°N 124.8166667°W / 49.0833333; -124.8166667 (Alberni Inlet) Length 40 km (25 mi)
Alexandra Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°54′00″N 075°59′59″W / 78.9°N 75.99972°W / 78.9; -75.99972 (Alexandra Fjord)
Alluviaq Fiord[12] Nunavut 59°29′44″N 065°09′05″W / 59.49556°N 65.15139°W / 59.49556; -65.15139 (Alluviaq Fiord, Nunavut)
Alluviaq Fjord[15] Quebec 59°27′00″N 065°10′00″W / 59.45°N 65.1666667°W / 59.45; -65.1666667 (Alluviaq Fjord, Quebec)
Anaktalâk Bay[1] Newfoundland and Labrador
Archer Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°25′00″N 067°00′00″W / 81.4166667°N 67°W / 81.4166667; -67 (Archer Fiord)
Arthur Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°30′00″N 093°24′00″W / 76.5°N 93.4°W / 76.5; -93.4 (Arthur Fiord)
Aurland Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°04′00″N 094°25′00″W / 81.0666667°N 94.4166667°W / 81.0666667; -94.4166667 (Aurland Fiord)
Ayles Fiord[12] Nunavut 82°44′59″N 080°00′00″W / 82.74972°N 80°W / 82.74972; -80 (Ayles Fiord)
Baad Fiord, Boat Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°28′00″N 086°30′00″W / 76.4666667°N 86.5°W / 76.4666667; -86.5 (Baad Fiord)
Bals Fiord, Boat Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°24′00″N 095°45′00″W / 80.4°N 95.75°W / 80.4; -95.75 (Bals Fiord)
Barrie Reach[13][16] British Columbia 53°28′00″N 128°16′00″W / 53.4666667°N 128.2666667°W / 53.4666667; -128.2666667 (Barrie Reach)
Baumann Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°40′00″N 085°34′59″W / 77.6666667°N 85.58306°W / 77.6666667; -85.58306 (Baumann Fiord)
Bay Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°55′00″N 083°30′00″W / 78.9166667°N 83.5°W / 78.9166667; -83.5 (Bay Fiord)
Beitstad Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°04′00″N 078°10′00″W / 79.0666667°N 78.1666667°W / 79.0666667; -78.1666667 (Beitstad Fiord)
Belize Inlet[13][17][18] British Columbia 51°08′00″N 127°09′00″W / 51.1333333°N 127.15°W / 51.1333333; -127.15 (Belize Inlet) A part of the fjord network Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex (SBIC), located on the north coast of British Columbia. Belize Inlet, which is 50 km (31 mi) in length has its own side inlets, narrow waterways named Wentworth Sound and Alison Sound.
Bentham Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°07′59″N 080°12′00″W / 77.13306°N 80.2°W / 77.13306; -80.2 (Bentham Fiord)
Bentinck Arm[13][19] British Columbia See also Dean Channel Bentinck Arm is a deep fjord which runs about 15 km (9.3 mi) in length and is about 2.3 km (1.4 mi) in width. The fjord has a depth between 200 to 400 m (660 to 1,300 ft).
Bird Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°10′00″N 086°59′59″W / 77.1666667°N 86.99972°W / 77.1666667; -86.99972 (Bird Fiord)
Blind Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°13′59″N 086°16′00″W / 78.23306°N 86.2666667°W / 78.23306; -86.2666667 (Blind Fiord)
Blue Fiord, Blaa Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°16′00″N 087°04′59″W / 77.2666667°N 87.08306°W / 77.2666667; -87.08306 (Blue Fiord)
Boas Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°48′00″N 062°49′00″W / 66.8°N 62.8166667°W / 66.8; -62.8166667 (Boas Fiord)
Bonne Bay[20][21] Newfoundland and Labrador 49°29′02″N 057°59′06″W / 49.48389°N 57.985°W / 49.48389; -57.985 (Bonne Bay) There is both Inner Bonne Bay and outer Bonne Bay. Outer Bonne Bay opens up to the entrance of the fjord of Bonne Bay.
Borup Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°37′00″N 083°25′00″W / 80.6166667°N 83.4166667°W / 80.6166667; -83.4166667 (Borup Fiord)
Bukken Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°43′00″N 094°55′00″W / 80.7166667°N 94.9166667°W / 80.7166667; -94.9166667 (Bukken Fiord)
Bunde Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°36′00″N 094°55′00″W / 80.6°N 94.9166667°W / 80.6; -94.9166667 (Bunde Fiord)
Burke Channel[22][23] British Columbia 51°55′00″N 127°53′00″W / 51.9166667°N 127.8833333°W / 51.9166667; -127.8833333 (Burke Channel) see also the Major inlets of British Columbia coast, and Dean Channel.

The fjord region of western mainland British Columbia,... Douglas Channel in the north to Burke Channel and Dean Channel in the south

– BATHOLITHS[23]
Burrard Inlet and the Second Narrows.JPG Burrard Inlet[24] British Columbia 49°18′15″N 123°12′56″W / 49.30417°N 123.21556°W / 49.30417; -123.21556 (Burrard Inlet) Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal fjord in southwestern British Columbia.
Bute Inlet[25] British Columbia 50°35′00″N 124°55′00″W / 50.5833333°N 124.9166667°W / 50.5833333; -124.9166667 (Bute Inlet)
Cambridge Fiord, Glen Roy Fiord[12] Nunavut 71°25′59″N 074°45′00″W / 71.43306°N 74.75°W / 71.43306; -74.75 (Cambridge Fiord)
Cañon Fiord, Canon Fiord, Canyon Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°00′00″N 082°34′59″W / 80°N 82.58306°W / 80; -82.58306 (Cañon Fiord)
Chandler Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°37′59″N 068°46′00″W / 81.63306°N 68.7666667°W / 81.63306; -68.7666667 (Chandler Fiord)
Chief Matthews Bay[13] British Columbia see also the Major inlets of British Columbia coast.
Clark Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°58′00″N 072°07′00″W / 70.9666667°N 72.1166667°W / 70.9666667; -72.1166667 (Clark Fiord)
Clearwater Fiord, Issortukdjuak Fiord, Kingua Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°34′00″N 067°27′00″W / 66.5666667°N 67.45°W / 66.5666667; -67.45 (Clearwater Fiord)
Clyde Inlet Nunavut 70°19′00″N 068°19′00″W / 70.3166667°N 68.3166667°W / 70.3166667; -68.3166667 (Clyde Inlet)
Confederation Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°10′00″N 067°19′00″W / 68.1666667°N 67.3166667°W / 68.1666667; -67.3166667 (Confederation Fiord)
Conybeare Fiord, Chandler Fiord, Conybeare Bay[12] Nunavut 81°34′00″N 067°34′59″W / 81.5666667°N 67.58306°W / 81.5666667; -67.58306 (Conybeare Fiord)
Coronation Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°13′59″N 064°34′59″W / 67.23306°N 64.58306°W / 67.23306; -64.58306 (Coronation Fiord)
d'Iberville Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°34′00″N 078°59′59″W / 80.5666667°N 78.99972°W / 80.5666667; -78.99972 (d'Iberville Fiord)
Dean Channel[26] British Columbia 52°19′00″N 127°31′00″W / 52.3166667°N 127.5166667°W / 52.3166667; -127.5166667 (Dean Channel) The total length of the fjord from the head of Dean Channel to the mouth of Fitz Hugh Sound is about 170 km (110 mi) rivalling Hardangerfjord in Norway for length.
Denmark Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°34′59″N 103°04′59″W / 70.58306°N 103.08306°W / 70.58306; -103.08306 (Denmark Fiord)
Desolation sound 2006.jpg Desolation Sound[27] British Columbia 50°07′00″N 124°47′00″W / 50.1166667°N 124.7833333°W / 50.1166667; -124.7833333 (Desolation Sound) see also the Major inlets of British Columbia coast, and Desolation Sound Marine Park and Recreation Park.
Devastation Channel[13][28][29] British Columbia 53°40′00″N 128°50′00″W / 53.6666667°N 128.8333333°W / 53.6666667; -128.8333333 (Devastation Channel)
Dexterity Fiord[12] Nunavut 71°14′59″N 073°01′59″W / 71.24972°N 73.03306°W / 71.24972; -73.03306 (Dexterity Fiord)
Disraeli Fiord[12] Nunavut 82°49′00″N 073°20′59″W / 82.8166667°N 73.34972°W / 82.8166667; -73.34972 (Disraeli Fiord)
Douglas Channel[30] British Columbia 53°40′00″N 129°08′00″W / 53.6666667°N 129.1333333°W / 53.6666667; -129.1333333 (Douglas Channel) Length 90 km (56 mi)
East Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°23′59″N 093°19′59″W / 79.39972°N 93.33306°W / 79.39972; -93.33306 (East Fiord)
Eglinton Fiord, Gifford Inlet, Gifford River[12] Nunavut 70°40′00″N 070°03′00″W / 70.6666667°N 70.05°W / 70.6666667; -70.05 (Eglinton Fiord)
Eids Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°21′10″N 087°06′00″W / 77.35278°N 87.1°W / 77.35278; -87.1 (Eids Fiord)
Ekalugad Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°46′00″N 068°37′00″W / 68.7666667°N 68.6166667°W / 68.7666667; -68.6166667 (Ekalugad Fiord)
Ekortiarsuk Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°59′32″N 064°22′22″W / 59.99222°N 64.37278°W / 59.99222; -64.37278 (Ekortiarsuk Fiord)
Emma Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°28′59″N 088°59′59″W / 81.48306°N 88.99972°W / 81.48306; -88.99972 (Emma Fiord)
Europa Reach[13][32] British Columbia 53°26′59″N 128°24′00″W / 53.44972°N 128.4°W / 53.44972; -128.4 (Europa Reach) See also List of rivers of British Columbia and British Columbia Coast
Exaluin Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°40′00″N 062°54′00″W / 65.6666667°N 62.9°W / 65.6666667; -62.9 (Exaluin Fiord)
Expedition Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°19′59″N 091°59′59″W / 79.33306°N 91.99972°W / 79.33306; -91.99972 (Expedition Fiord)
Fabricius Fiord[12] Nunavut 72°22′00″N 084°37′59″W / 72.3666667°N 84.63306°W / 72.3666667; -84.63306 (Fabricius Fiord)
Fisher Channel[13][33][34] British Columbia 52°08′00″N 127°53′00″W / 52.1333333°N 127.8833333°W / 52.1333333; -127.8833333 (Fisher Channel) Fisher Channel leads into Dean Channel, and towards Ocean Falls.
Fitz Hugh Sound[35] British Columbia 51°45′00″N 127°55′12″W / 51.75°N 127.92°W / 51.75; -127.92 (Fitz Hugh Sound) See also Dean Channel
Fjord de Salluit[15] Quebec 62°12′45″N 075°41′41″W / 62.2125°N 75.69472°W / 62.2125; -75.69472 (Fjord de Salluit)
Fjord du Saguenay[15] Quebec 48°07′54″N 069°43′34″W / 48.13167°N 69.72611°W / 48.13167; -69.72611 (Fjord du Saguenay)
Foss Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°22′00″N 086°59′59″W / 70.3666667°N 86.99972°W / 70.3666667; -86.99972 (Foss Fiord)
Fram Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°31′00″N 081°19′00″W / 76.5166667°N 81.3166667°W / 76.5166667; -81.3166667 (Fram Fiord)
Five Fingers Light, Alaska, 1992.jpg Frederick Sound[13][36] British Columbia 51°01′00″N 126°43′00″W / 51.0166667°N 126.7166667°W / 51.0166667; -126.7166667 (Frederick Sound) Also called Prince Frederick Sound or Prince Frederick's Sound. Seymour Inlet has its own side-inlets, the largest being a south arm named Frederick Sound, with a side-inlet of its own named Salmon Arm.
Gardner Canal[37] British Columbia 53°34′59″N 128°46′01″W / 53.58306°N 128.76694°W / 53.58306; -128.76694 (Gardner Canal) Technically a side-inlet of the larger Douglas Channel. The Gardner is principal inlet/fjord of a length 90 km (56 mi).
Gibbs Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°49′14″N 071°54′50″W / 70.82056°N 71.91389°W / 70.82056; -71.91389 (Gibbs Fiord)
Gibs Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°52′59″N 087°14′59″W / 79.88306°N 87.24972°W / 79.88306; -87.24972 (Gibs Fiord)
Gifford Fiord, Gifford Inlet, Gifford River[12] Nunavut 70°10′00″N 082°29′59″W / 70.1666667°N 82.49972°W / 70.1666667; -82.49972 (Gifford Fiord)
Glacier Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°22′00″N 089°28′59″W / 78.3666667°N 89.48306°W / 78.3666667; -89.48306 (Glacier Fiord)
Goose Fiord, Gifford Inlet, Gifford River[12] Nunavut 76°35′59″N 088°34′59″W / 76.59972°N 88.58306°W / 76.59972; -88.58306 (Goose Fiord)
Greely Fiord, Gifford Inlet, Gifford River[12] Nunavut 80°29′59″N 081°40′00″W / 80.49972°N 81.6666667°W / 80.49972; -81.6666667 (Greely Fiord)
Grise Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°34′59″N 083°13′59″W / 76.58306°N 83.23306°W / 76.58306; -83.23306 (Grise Fiord) There is a hamlet of the same name, Grise Fiord on this fiord. Grise Fiord means "pig fiord" and in the native terminology is Grise Fiord is named Ausuittuq.
Haakon Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°49′59″N 100°45′00″W / 78.83306°N 100.75°W / 78.83306; -100.75 (Haakon Fiord)
Harbour Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°31′00″N 084°07′59″W / 76.5166667°N 84.13306°W / 76.5166667; -84.13306 (Harbour Fiord)
Hare Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°01′00″N 085°29′59″W / 81.0166667°N 85.49972°W / 81.0166667; -85.49972 (Hare Fiord)
Hayes Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°01′59″N 076°45′00″W / 79.03306°N 76.75°W / 79.03306; -76.75 (Hayes Fiord)
Hebron Fjord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 58°8′49″N 062°52′50″W / 58.14694°N 62.88056°W / 58.14694; -62.88056 (Hebron Fjord) See also Torngat Mountains
Hotham Sound British Columbia see also the Major inlets of British Columbia coast, Nelson Island (British Columbia) and St. Vincent Bay, British Columbia
Woodf1a.jpg Howe Sound[38] British Columbia 49°33′00″N 123°16′00″W / 49.55°N 123.2666667°W / 49.55; -123.2666667 (Howe Sound) The most southerly of North American fjords.
Ijellirtung Fiord[39] Nunavut 69°19′59″N 068°40′01″W / 69.33306°N 68.66694°W / 69.33306; -68.66694 (Ijellirtung Fiord)
Ikkudliayuk Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 60°04′17″N 064°29′58″W / 60.07139°N 64.49944°W / 60.07139; -64.49944 (Ikkudliayuk Fiord)
NorthIndianArm.jpg Indian Arm[40] British Columbia 49°22′00″N 122°53′00″W / 49.3666667°N 122.8833333°W / 49.3666667; -122.8833333 (Indian Arm) Indian Arm Provincial Park protects the area of Indian Arm fjord
Ingnit Fiord, Ingnitelling[12] Nunavut 65°47′59″N 062°40′00″W / 65.79972°N 62.6666667°W / 65.79972; -62.6666667 (Ingnit Fiord)
Inugsuin Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°53′39″N 069°14′59″W / 69.89417°N 69.24972°W / 69.89417; -69.24972 (Inugsuin Fiord)
Iqalualuit Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°34′59″N 068°34′59″W / 68.58306°N 68.58306°W / 68.58306; -68.58306 (Iqalualuit Fiord)
Iqalujjuaq Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°40′00″N 065°04′59″W / 65.6666667°N 65.08306°W / 65.6666667; -65.08306 (Iqalujjuaq Fiord)
Isortoq Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°55′00″N 077°04′59″W / 69.9166667°N 77.08306°W / 69.9166667; -77.08306 (Isortoq Fiord)
Iterungnek Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 58°15′17″N 062°48′30″W / 58.25472°N 62.80833°W / 58.25472; -62.80833 (Iterungnek Fiord)
Itirbilung Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°17′59″N 068°40′00″W / 69.29972°N 68.6666667°W / 69.29972; -68.6666667 (Itirbilung Fiord)
Jervis.JPG Jervis Inlet[41] British Columbia 49°59′48″N 123°58′07″W / 49.99667°N 123.96861°W / 49.99667; -123.96861 (Jervis Inlet) Jervis Inlet is 90 km (56 mi) in length. Between Toba Inlet and Jervis Inlet to its west, however, there is a freshwater fjord, Powell Lake
Jokel Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°52′00″N 078°04′59″W / 78.8666667°N 78.08306°W / 78.8666667; -78.08306 (Jokel Fiord)
Jugeborg Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°14′09″N 089°30′00″W / 81.23583°N 89.5°W / 81.23583; -89.5 (Jugeborg Fiord)
Kairolik Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°31′00″N 063°31′00″W / 65.5166667°N 63.5166667°W / 65.5166667; -63.5166667 (Kairolik Fiord)
Kangalaksiorvik Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°24′04″N 063°56′26″W / 59.40111°N 63.94056°W / 59.40111; -63.94056 (Kangalaksiorvik Fiord)
Kangerk Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°22′59″N 067°17′59″W / 66.38306°N 67.29972°W / 66.38306; -67.29972 (Kangerk Fiord)
Kangert Fiord, Kangertloaping Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°05′30″N 063°31′30″W / 67.09167°N 63.525°W / 67.09167; -63.525 (Kangert Fiord)
Kangilo Fiord, Kaggilartung Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°17′59″N 067°35′59″W / 66.29972°N 67.59972°W / 66.29972; -67.59972 (Kangilo Fiord)
Kangirlugag Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°47′59″N 068°10′00″W / 68.79972°N 68.1666667°W / 68.79972; -68.1666667 (Kangirlugag Fiord)
Kangirtukutaaruluq Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°41′39″N 064°29′09″W / 67.69417°N 64.48583°W / 67.69417; -64.48583 (Kangirtukutaaruluq Fiord)
Kangok Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°37′00″N 068°25′00″W / 68.6166667°N 68.4166667°W / 68.6166667; -68.4166667 (Kangok Fiord)
Khutzeymateen Inlet[13] British Columbia 54°42′59″N 130°12′31″W / 54.71639°N 130.20861°W / 54.71639; -130.20861 (Khutzeymateen Inlet)
Kiltuish Inlet[13][42] British Columbia 53°22′00″N 128°29′00″W / 53.3666667°N 128.4833333°W / 53.3666667; -128.4833333 (Kiltuish Inlet)
Kingcome Inlet British Columbia 50°55′00″N 126°30′00″W / 50.9166667°N 126.5°W / 50.9166667; -126.5 (Kingcome Inlet) A lesser principal fjords of the British Columbia Coast.
Kingnait Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°02′44″N 064°57′29″W / 66.04556°N 64.95806°W / 66.04556; -64.95806 (Kingnait Fiord)
Kingnelling Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°27′10″N 064°15′20″W / 67.45278°N 64.25556°W / 67.45278; -64.25556 (Kingnelling Fiord)
Kitimat Arm[13][13][43] British Columbia 54°55′00″N 128°42′00″W / 54.9166667°N 128.7°W / 54.9166667; -128.7 (Kitimat Arm) See also Douglas Channel and Kitimat River
Knight Inlet[44] British Columbia 50°45′00″N 125°40′00″W / 50.75°N 125.6666667°W / 50.75; -125.6666667 (Knight Inlet) Knight Inlet is one of the longest great saltwater inlets/fjords on the BC Coast at c. 125 km (78 mi) in length; it is about 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in average width.
Komaktorvik Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°17′00″N 063°43′56″W / 59.2833333°N 63.73222°W / 59.2833333; -63.73222 (Komaktorvik Fiord)
Kulutingwak Fiord[12] Nunavut 82°07′00″N 082°48′00″W / 82.1166667°N 82.8°W / 82.1166667; -82.8 (Kulutingwak Fiord)
Kumlien Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°23′59″N 064°44′59″W / 65.39972°N 64.74972°W / 65.39972; -64.74972 (Kumlien Fiord)
Kwatna Inlet[13][45] British Columbia 52°06′00″N 127°30′00″W / 52.1°N 127.5°W / 52.1; -127.5 (Kwatna Inlet) See also Dean Channel
Kyuquot Sound[46] British Columbia 50°04′00″N 127°13′00″W / 50.0666667°N 127.2166667°W / 50.0666667; -127.2166667 (Kyuquot Sound)
Labouchere Channel[13][47] British Columbia 52°24′00″N 127°14′00″W / 52.4°N 127.2333333°W / 52.4; -127.2333333 (Labouchere Channel) See also North Bentinck Arm, King Island, and Dean Channel
Li Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°04′59″N 095°25′00″W / 80.08306°N 95.4166667°W / 80.08306; -95.4166667 (Li Fiord)
Livingstone Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°02′59″N 067°44′59″W / 66.04972°N 67.74972°W / 66.04972; -67.74972 (Livingstone Fiord)
Loughborough Inlet[48] British Columbia 50°35′00″N 125°32′00″W / 50.5833333°N 125.5333333°W / 50.5833333; -125.5333333 (Loughborough Inlet) Loughborough Inlet is a lesser principal inlets/fjord with a length of 35 km (22 mi) and width 2.5 km (1.6 mi).
Louise Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°58′00″N 102°35′59″W / 78.9666667°N 102.59972°W / 78.9666667; -102.59972 (Louise Fiord)
Maktak Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°18′44″N 064°22′45″W / 67.31222°N 64.37917°W / 67.31222; -64.37917 (Maktak Fiord)
Markham Fiord[12] Nunavut 82°58′50″N 071°28′00″W / 82.98056°N 71.4666667°W / 82.98056; -71.4666667 (Markham Fiord)
Maujatuuq Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°43′50″N 064°48′50″W / 67.73056°N 64.81389°W / 67.73056; -64.81389 (Maujatuuq Fiord)
McBeth Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°32′20″N 069°10′00″W / 69.53889°N 69.1666667°W / 69.53889; -69.1666667 (McBeth Fiord)
Mermaid Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°13′59″N 062°43′59″W / 66.23306°N 62.73306°W / 66.23306; -62.73306 (Mermaid Fiord)
Middle Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°37′00″N 094°59′59″W / 79.6166667°N 94.99972°W / 79.6166667; -94.99972 (Middle Fiord)
Milne Fiord[12] Nunavut 82°37′59″N 081°26′59″W / 82.63306°N 81.44972°W / 82.63306; -81.44972 (Milne Fiord)
Mokka Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°34′59″N 087°14′59″W / 79.58306°N 87.24972°W / 79.58306; -87.24972 (Mokka Fiord)
Mooneshine Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°25′00″N 061°46′59″W / 66.4166667°N 61.78306°W / 66.4166667; -61.78306 (Mooneshine Fiord)
Muskox Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°30′00″N 087°26′59″W / 76.5°N 87.44972°W / 76.5; -87.44972 (Muskox Fiord)
Nachvak Fjord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°02′09″N 063°44′52″W / 59.03583°N 63.74778°W / 59.03583; -63.74778 (Nachvak Fjord)
Najjuttuuq Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°49′19″N 069°16′35″W / 68.82194°N 69.27639°W / 68.82194; -69.27639 (Najjuttuuq Fiord)
Nallulik Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°13′00″N 068°45′00″W / 69.2166667°N 68.75°W / 69.2166667; -68.75 (Nallulik Fiord)
Nallussiaq Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°38′59″N 063°33′00″W / 65.64972°N 63.55°W / 65.64972; -63.55 (Nallussiaq Fiord)
Narpaing Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°47′59″N 065°33′00″W / 67.79972°N 65.55°W / 67.79972; -65.55 (Narpaing Fiord)
Narrows Inlet[13][49] British Columbia 49°41′00″N 123°49′00″W / 49.6833333°N 123.8166667°W / 49.6833333; -123.8166667 (Narrows Inlet)
Nass Bay[13][50] British Columbia 54°58′00″N 129°54′00″W / 54.9666667°N 129.9°W / 54.9666667; -129.9 (Nass Bay)
Nedlukseak Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°55′00″N 066°22′00″W / 67.9166667°N 66.3666667°W / 67.9166667; -66.3666667 (Nedlukseak Fiord)
Nenahimai Lagoon[13] British Columbia
Nettilling Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°01′59″N 068°11′59″W / 66.03306°N 68.19972°W / 66.03306; -68.19972 (Nettilling Fiord)
Newton Fiord[12] Nunavut 63°04′59″N 066°07′59″W / 63.08306°N 66.13306°W / 63.08306; -66.13306 (Newton Fiord)
Noodleook Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°55′51″N 064°24′11″W / 59.93083°N 64.40306°W / 59.93083; -64.40306 (Noodleook Fiord)
North Bentinck Arm[51] British Columbia 52°19′40″N 126°58′06″W / 52.32778°N 126.96833°W / 52.32778; -126.96833 (North Bentinck Arm)
North Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°55′59″N 096°25′00″W / 79.93306°N 96.4166667°W / 79.93306; -96.4166667 (North Fiord)
North Pangnirtung Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°08′59″N 064°16′59″W / 67.14972°N 64.28306°W / 67.14972; -64.28306 (North Pangnirtung Fiord)
Nudlung Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°21′00″N 067°27′00″W / 68.35°N 67.45°W / 68.35; -67.45 (Nudlung Fiord)
Nugent Sound[13][52] British Columbia 51°06′00″N 127°20′00″W / 51.1°N 127.3333333°W / 51.1; -127.3333333 (Nugent Sound) In between Belize Inlet and Seymour Inlet is Nugent Sound
Nyeboe Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°25′00″N 086°30′00″W / 70.4166667°N 86.5°W / 70.4166667; -86.5 (Nyeboe Fiord)
Observatory Inlet[13][53][54] British Columbia 55°15′00″N 129°49′00″W / 55.25°N 129.8166667°W / 55.25; -129.8166667 (Observatory Inlet)
Otto Fjord[12] Nunavut 81°01′59″N 086°59′59″W / 81.03306°N 86.99972°W / 81.03306; -86.99972 (Otto Fjord)
Padle Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°55′00″N 063°25′00″W / 66.9166667°N 63.4166667°W / 66.9166667; -63.4166667 (Padle Fiord)
Pangnirtung Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°07′24″N 065°37′35″W / 66.12333°N 65.62639°W / 66.12333; -65.62639 (Pangnirtung Fiord)
Pearse Canal[13] British Columbia
Pitchforth Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°58′00″N 068°10′00″W / 68.9666667°N 68.1666667°W / 68.9666667; -68.1666667 (Pitchforth Fiord)
Portland Canal British Columbia 55°30′00″N 130°05′00″W / 55.5°N 130.0833333°W / 55.5; -130.0833333 (Portland Canal) Portland Canal is 114.6 km (71.2 mi) in length.
Portland Inlet[55] British Columbia 54°44′00″N 130°24′00″W / 54.7333333°N 130.4°W / 54.7333333; -130.4 (Portland Inlet) Portland Inlet is 40 km (25 mi) long and as much as 13 km (8.1 mi) wide.
Prince of Wales Reach[56] British Columbia 49°54′00″N 123°55′00″W / 49.9°N 123.9166667°W / 49.9; -123.9166667 (Prince of Wales Reach) Prince of Wales Reachis the first arm of the Jervis Inlet. Prince of Wales Reach has a length of 40 km (25 mi), and depth of 670 m (2,200 ft)
Prince Rupert from Mount Morse Nov 6th 2005-DSC 0725-700w.jpg Prince Rupert Harbour
Port of Prince Rupert[13][57]		 British Columbia 54°18′44″N 130°19′38″W / 54.31222°N 130.32722°W / 54.31222; -130.32722 (Prince Rupert Harbour) The very immense, Prince Rupert Harbour, is a complex of basins or channel waterways and sills.[57]
Chatterbox Falls.jpg Princess Louisa Inlet[58] British Columbia 50°11′00″N 123°48′00″W / 50.1833333°N 123.8°W / 50.1833333; -123.8 (Princess Louisa Inlet) Princess Louis Inlet is at the north east end of Jervis Inlet, and the east side of Queens Reach. Princess Louisa Inlet has a length of 6 km (3.7 mi), width of 0.5 mi (0.80 km) and depth of 179 m (590 ft).
Princess Royal Reach[59] British Columbia 50°02′00″N 123°52′00″W / 50.0333333°N 123.8666667°W / 50.0333333; -123.8666667 (Princess Royal Reach) Princess Royal Reach is a the second arm of the Jervis Inlet between Queens Reach and Prince of Wales Reach and has a length of 33 km (21 mi) and maximum depth of 552 m (1,810 ft).
Ptarmigan Fiord[12] Nunavut 64°46′59″N 066°07′00″W / 64.78306°N 66.1166667°W / 64.78306; -66.1166667 (Ptarmigan Fiord)
Qanartalik Fjord[15] Quebec 61°50′53″N 072°37′39″W / 61.84806°N 72.6275°W / 61.84806; -72.6275 (Qanartalik Fjord)
Qasigiarsiti Fjord[15] Quebec 59°01′59″N 065°45′00″W / 59.03306°N 65.75°W / 59.03306; -65.75 (Qasigiarsiti Fjord)
Quajon Fiord[12] Nunavut 67°42′00″N 065°10′00″W / 67.7°N 65.1666667°W / 67.7; -65.1666667 (Quajon Fiord)
Quatsino Sound[60] British Columbia 50°30′00″N 127°35′00″W / 50.5°N 127.5833333°W / 50.5; -127.5833333 (Quatsino Sound) Quatsino Sound is one of five sounds that pierce the west coast of Vancouver Island.
Queen Charlotte Strait[61] British Columbia 50°53′50″N 127°21′11″W / 50.89722°N 127.35306°W / 50.89722; -127.35306 (Queen Charlotte Strait) see also the Major inlets of British Columbia coast.
Queens Reach[13][62] British Columbia 50°10′00″N 123°53′00″W / 50.1666667°N 123.8833333°W / 50.1666667; -123.8833333 (Queens Reach) Queens Reach is a the last arm of the Jervis Inlet. Queens Reach is 34 km (21 mi) long and 457 m (1,500 ft) deep.
Quernbiter Fiord[12] Nunavut 71°36′00″N 075°01′59″W / 71.6°N 75.03306°W / 71.6; -75.03306 (Quernbiter Fiord)
Rens Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°10′00″N 093°40′00″W / 81.1666667°N 93.6666667°W / 81.1666667; -93.6666667 (Rens Fiord)
Rivers Inlet[63] British Columbia 51°30′00″N 127°35′00″W / 51.5°N 127.5833333°W / 51.5; -127.5833333 (Rivers Inlet) The entrance to the Rivers Inlet fjord is from the Dean Channel near that fjord's mouth. It is about 45 km (28 mi) in length.
Rocknoser Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°52′59″N 068°14′59″W / 68.88306°N 68.24972°W / 68.88306; -68.24972 (Rocknoser Fiord)
Royal Society Fiord[12] Nunavut 71°23′59″N 073°59′59″W / 71.39972°N 73.99972°W / 71.39972; -73.99972 (Royal Society Fiord)
Saanich Inlet[64] British Columbia 48°37′00″N 123°30′00″W / 48.6166667°N 123.5°W / 48.6166667; -123.5 (Saanich Inlet) Saanich Inlet is 24 km (15 mi) long, has a surface area of 65 km2 (25 sq mi), and its maximum depth is 225 m (740 ft).
Saglek Fjord, Saglek Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 58°28′45″N 063°14′03″W / 58.47917°N 63.23417°W / 58.47917; -63.23417 (Saglek Fjord)
Sakiak Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°42′00″N 062°44′59″W / 65.7°N 62.74972°W / 65.7; -62.74972 (Sakiak Fiord)
Salmon Inlet[13][65] British Columbia 49°39′00″N 123°40′00″W / 49.65°N 123.6666667°W / 49.65; -123.6666667 (Salmon Inlet)
Sam Ford Fjord, Sam Ford Fiord[12] Nunavut 70°30′01″N 071°09′00″W / 70.50028°N 71.15°W / 70.50028; -71.15 (Sam Ford Fjord)
Sarvalik Fiord[12] Nunavut 68°50′59″N 069°16′00″W / 68.84972°N 69.2666667°W / 68.84972; -69.2666667 (Sarvalik Fiord)
NarrowsInlet01.JPG Sechelt Inlet[66] British Columbia 49°38′00″N 123°50′30″W / 49.6333333°N 123.84167°W / 49.6333333; -123.84167 (Sechelt Inlet) Sechelt Inlet is one of the principal inlets/fjords along the British Columbia Coast comprising Narrows Inlet and Salmon Inlet.
Seymour Inlet[67] British Columbia 51°03′00″N 127°05′00″W / 51.05°N 127.0833333°W / 51.05; -127.0833333 (Seymour Inlet) A part of the fjord network Seymour-Belize Inlet Complex (SBIC), located on the north coast of British Columbia. Seymour Inlet is one of the lesser traveled of the principal inlets/fjords of the British Columbia Coast and has a main arm is 75 km (47 mi) long.
Shark Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°33′00″N 066°55′00″W / 66.55°N 66.9166667°W / 66.55; -66.9166667 (Shark Fiord)
Skaare Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°50′59″N 088°04′59″W / 78.84972°N 88.08306°W / 78.84972; -88.08306 (Skaare Fiord)
Skookumchuck.JPG Skookumchuck Narrows[13][68] British Columbia 49°45′20″N 123°55′20″W / 49.75556°N 123.92222°W / 49.75556; -123.92222 (Skookumchuck Narrows) Skookumchuck Narrows forms the entrance of Sechelt Inlet
Slidre Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°00′00″N 086°15′00″W / 80°N 86.25°W / 80; -86.25 (Slidre Fiord)
Sor Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°19′59″N 084°40′00″W / 77.33306°N 84.6666667°W / 77.33306; -84.6666667 (Sor Fiord)
South Cape Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°25′59″N 084°52′59″W / 76.43306°N 84.88306°W / 76.43306; -84.88306 (South Cape Fiord)
South Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°19′59″N 094°25′00″W / 79.33306°N 94.4166667°W / 79.33306; -94.4166667 (South Fiord)
Southwind Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°49′59″N 062°25′00″W / 66.83306°N 62.4166667°W / 66.83306; -62.4166667 (Southwind Fiord)
Starnes Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°37′00″N 082°10′00″W / 76.6166667°N 82.1666667°W / 76.6166667; -82.1666667 (Starnes Fiord)
Stenkul Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°25′00″N 083°54′00″W / 77.4166667°N 83.9°W / 77.4166667; -83.9 (Stenkul Fiord)
Strand Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°10′59″N 091°28′00″W / 79.18306°N 91.4666667°W / 79.18306; -91.4666667 (Strand Fiord)
Strathcona Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°43′00″N 082°55′00″W / 78.7166667°N 82.9166667°W / 78.7166667; -82.9166667 (Strathcona Fiord)
Sunneshine Fiord[12] Nunavut 66°37′00″N 061°48′00″W / 66.6166667°N 61.8°W / 66.6166667; -61.8 (Sunneshine Fiord)
Surprise Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°15′00″N 089°59′59″W / 78.25°N 89.99972°W / 78.25; -89.99972 (Surprise Fiord)
Svarte Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°40′00″N 084°35′59″W / 77.6666667°N 84.59972°W / 77.6666667; -84.59972 (Svarte Fiord)
Tanquary Fiord[12] Nunavut 81°04′59″N 079°45′00″W / 81.08306°N 79.75°W / 81.08306; -79.75 (Tanquary Fiord) A part of the Quttinirpaaq National Park of Canada
Tawsig Fiord[12] Nunavut 64°46′59″N 065°57′00″W / 64.78306°N 65.95°W / 64.78306; -65.95 (Tawsig Fiord)
Telegraph Passage (Skeena River estuary)[13][69] British Columbia 54°02′00″N 130°06′00″W / 54.0333333°N 130.1°W / 54.0333333; -130.1 (Telegraph Passage)
Tellialuk Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°59′51″N 064°29′35″W / 59.9975°N 64.49306°W / 59.9975; -64.49306 (Tellialuk Fiord)
Telliaosilk Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°59′58″N 064°16′38″W / 59.99944°N 64.27722°W / 59.99944; -64.27722 (Telliaosilk Fiord)
Tingin Fiord[12] Nunavut 69°09′00″N 068°40′00″W / 69.15°N 68.6666667°W / 69.15; -68.6666667 (Tingin Fiord)
Toba Inlet[70] British Columbia 50°25′00″N 124°30′00″W / 50.4166667°N 124.5°W / 50.4166667; -124.5 (Toba Inlet) Toba Inlet is one of the lesser, but still principal, inlets/fjords of the British Columbia Coast amidst the Coast Mountain Range. Between Toba Inlet and Jervis Inlet to its west, however, there is a freshwater fjord, Powell Lake
Touak Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°47′20″N 063°23′25″W / 65.78889°N 63.39028°W / 65.78889; -63.39028 (Touak Fiord)
Trold Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°15′00″N 085°16′59″W / 78.25°N 85.28306°W / 78.25; -85.28306 (Trold Fiord)
Troll Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°53′59″N 084°55′00″W / 77.89972°N 84.9166667°W / 77.89972; -84.9166667 (Troll Fiord)
Tromso Fiord[12] Nunavut 71°11′59″N 073°40′00″W / 71.19972°N 73.6666667°W / 71.19972; -73.6666667 (Tromso Fiord)
Trout Trap Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 59°13′41″N 063°33′03″W / 59.22806°N 63.55083°W / 59.22806; -63.55083 (Trout Trap Fiord)
Tursukattaq Fjord[15] Quebec 61°51′08″N 072°43′40″W / 61.85222°N 72.72778°W / 61.85222; -72.72778 (Tursukattaq Fjord)
Ugjuktok Fiord[31] Newfoundland and Labrador 58°22′28″N 063°25′56″W / 58.37444°N 63.43222°W / 58.37444; -63.43222 (Ugjuktok Fiord)
Ujuktuk Fiord[12] Nunavut 65°13′00″N 064°25′59″W / 65.2166667°N 64.43306°W / 65.2166667; -64.43306 (Ujuktuk Fiord)
Ursula Channel[13][71] British Columbia 53°25′02″N 128°54′46″W / 53.41722°N 128.91278°W / 53.41722; -128.91278 (Ursula Channel)
Varney Passage[13] British Columbia
Vendom Fiord[12] Nunavut 77°44′59″N 083°00′00″W / 77.74972°N 83°W / 77.74972; -83 (Vendom Fiord)
Vesle Fiord[12] Nunavut 79°07′59″N 083°59′59″W / 79.13306°N 83.99972°W / 79.13306; -83.99972 (Vesle Fiord)
Viks Fiord[12] Nunavut 75°59′20″N 090°34′59″W / 75.98889°N 90.58306°W / 75.98889; -90.58306 (Viks Fiord)
Wakeman Sound[13][72] British Columbia 50°59′00″N 126°30′00″W / 50.9833333°N 126.5°W / 50.9833333; -126.5 (Wakeman Sound)
Walrus Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°30′00″N 088°44′59″W / 76.5°N 88.74972°W / 76.5; -88.74972 (Walrus Fiord)
West Cape Fiord[12] Nunavut 80°12′00″N 095°29′59″W / 80.2°N 95.49972°W / 80.2; -95.49972 (West Cape Fiord)
West Fiord[12] Nunavut 76°06′00″N 089°59′59″W / 76.1°N 89.99972°W / 76.1; -89.99972 (West Fiord)
114 1406.JPG Western Brook Pond[73] Newfoundland and Labrador 49°43′58″N 057°45′38″W / 49.73278°N 57.76056°W / 49.73278; -57.76056 (Western Brook Pond) Western Brook Pond, at 16 km (9.9 mi) in length, is a fjord or lake located in Gros Morne National Park amidst the Long Range Mountains, (in the Appalachian Mountains range).
Whidbey Reach[13][74][75] British Columbia 53°21′00″N 127°59′00″W / 53.35°N 127.9833333°W / 53.35; -127.9833333 (Whidbey Reach) Part of Gardner Canal, located near its eastern end, between the Barrie Reach and Egeria Reach portions of Gardner Canal.
Wolf Fiord[12] Nunavut 78°25′00″N 088°29′59″W / 78.4166667°N 88.49972°W / 78.4166667; -88.49972 (Wolf Fiord)
Work Channel[13][76] British Columbia 54°28′00″N 130°13′00″W / 54.4666667°N 130.2166667°W / 54.4666667; -130.2166667 (Work Channel)
Satellite photo of Vancouver region; Indian Arm is in the upper right

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Three fjords under scientists' microscope". The Gazette. Canwest Digital Media, a division of Canwest Publishing Inc... Saturday, October 18. http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=d3f5bb2d-062d-41c4-a7f1-a842940efb0c. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
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  17. ^ Riveiros, Natalia Vázquez; R. Timothy Patterson (2005-2006). "AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO FJORD FORAMINIFERA FROM THE SEYMOUR-BELIZE ...". Forams from BC. Plain-Language & Multilingual Abstracts. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2008_1/145/abstracts.html. Retrieved 2008-11-07.  
  18. ^ "GeoNames Query - Belize Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBUJX?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  19. ^ Villholth Jensen & Associates Ltd. (August 1999). "AGGREGATE EXPORT FACILITY Bella Coola, B.C.". Project Description And Design Criteria. File: 99124. http://www.bcrock.com/reports/port_jensen_Aug99.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  20. ^ 127/_5883470_Alexandra+Fiord.html#local_map "Canadian Landscapes Photo Collection". Newfoundland and Labrado Gros Morne National Park Area. Government of Cnanada. 2005-2006. http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/landscapes/details_e.php?photoID= 127/_5883470_Alexandra+Fiord.html#local_map. Retrieved 2008-11-07.  
  21. ^ "GeoNames Query - Bonne Bay: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v8/sima_name_v8?english. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  22. ^ "GeoNames Query - Burke Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCTAU?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  23. ^ a b Lincoln S. Hollister, Glenn Woodsworth; Ron M. Clowes, Michael Rawson, et al. (2008-11-09). "BATHOLITHS How the Coast Mountains of British Columbia formed A Canada, USA EArth Science Research Project" (pdf). BATHOLITHS: Project description for Seismic Research Component. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/tectonics/Ducea/Batholiths/Info%20Brochure%20for%20EA%20&%20Outreach.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  24. ^ Kendrick, John (1990). The Voyage of Sutil and Mexicana, 1792: The last Spanish exploration of the Northwest Coast of America. Spokane, Washington: The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp. p. 19. ISBN 0-87062-203-X.  
  25. ^ [|Robson, Robson] (2007). "Hakluyt edition of Vancouver's journals". W. Kaye Lamb, editor, Vol. 2, p 605. http://pages.quicksilver.net.nz/jcr/~vancouver5.html. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  26. ^ "Dean River, BC. Fishing the Dean River, British Columbia". Interactive Broadcasting Corporation. 1996 - 2008. http://www.bcadventure.com/adventure/angling/river/dean.phtml. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  27. ^ "GeoNames Query - Desolation Sound: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAZZM?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  28. ^ "Topographic Map Index: 103H Douglas Channel, British Columbia". Federal Publications Inc.,. 1998 - 2008. http://www.fedpubs.com/mpchrt/maps/103h.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  29. ^ "GeoNames Query - Devastation Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCOFN?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  30. ^ Douglas Channel in the BC Geographical Names Information System
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "All Features - Newfoundland and Labrador". The Atlas of Canada. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/search/search_results?tabs=placenames&expression=fiord&x=11&y=2&provterr=10&feattype=all. Retrieved 2008-11-11.  
  32. ^ "Home » Explore Our Maps » Toporama – Topographic Maps » Toporama – Topographic Maps". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2006-02-06. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map?mapsize=428%20380&lat=53.4499999977&long=-128.4&mapxy=-2086935.88037+1052084.37876&scale=5000000&feature_na=Europa+Reach&location1=59&unique_key=f1971490d05411d892e2080020a0f4c9&searchstring=area&entity=RIVF&layers=fapfeature+fapfeature%20north_arrow%20other_features%20million_grid%20t50k_grid%20grid_50k_3%20roads%20hydrography%20boundary%20builtup%20vegetation%20populated_places%20railway%20power_network%20manmade_features%20designated_areas%20water_features%20water_saturated_soils%20relief%20contours%20toponymy%20contour%20nodata_ntdb_50k&urlappend=%26unique_key%3Df1971490d05411d892e2080020a0f4c9%26map.layer%5Btextzoom03%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-2086922.80784+1052072.55752+END+TEXT+%22Europa%2BReach%22+END%26map.layer%5Btextzoom46%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-2086922.80784+1052072.55752+END+TEXT+%22Europa%2BReach%22+END%26map.layer%5Barrowzoom03%5D%3DFEATURE+POINTS+-2086922.80784+1052072.55752+END+END. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  33. ^ "GeoNames Query - Fisher Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAWWK?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  34. ^ "British Columbia Cruising Adventures & Suppliers - Central BC Coast". Interactive Broadcasting Corporation. 1995 - 2008. http://www.bcadventure.com/adventure/boating/cariboo/cruzcarib.html. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  35. ^ Troniks, Meka (2008). "TAGEO - FITZ HUGH SOUND BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA Geography ...". Tageo.com GPS city index & satellite map. http://www.tageo.com/index-e-ca-v-02-d-m798065.htm?Fitz+hugh+sound. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  36. ^ "GeoNames Query - Frederick Sound: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBUWS?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  37. ^ "Gardener Canal - Kitlope River Valley". Ray Morgan and Avondale Technologies Ltd.. 1997-2005. http://bcmarina.com/Places/Gardener_Canal/Websize/thumbnails.html. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  38. ^ 4026 "Howe Sound, British Columbia, Canada". Web Design by Sage Internet Solutions.. Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.britishcolumbia.com/regions/towns/?townID= 4026. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  39. ^ Meka, Troniks (2008). "TAGEO -Ijellirtung Fiord- NUNAVUT CANADA Geography Population Map cities coordinates location - Tageo.com". World>>Canada>>Nunavut>>Ijellirtung Fiord. Meteo365.com Ltd.. http://www.tageo.com/index-e-ca-v-14-d-m800424.htm?Ijellirtung+fiord. Retrieved 2008-11-07.  
  40. ^ 106 "BC Parks - Indian Arm Provincial Park, North Vancouver". Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.britishcolumbia.com/parks/?id= 106. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  
  41. ^ Hitz, Charles W.(2003).Through the Rapids - The History of Princess Louisa Inlet, p.30. Sitka 2 Publishing., Kirkland, WA. ISBN 0972025502.
  42. ^ "GeoNames Query - Kiltuish Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCKPP?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  43. ^ "GeoNames Query - Kitimat Armt: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBXHA?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  44. ^ "GeoNames Query - Knight Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAJWU?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  45. ^ "GeoNames Query - Kwatna Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JALIP?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  46. ^ "GeoNames Query - Kyuquot Sound: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCUKU?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  47. ^ "GeoNames Query -Labouchere Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAMYR?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  48. ^ "GeoNames Query -Loughborough Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JATDF?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  49. ^ "GeoNames Query -Narrows Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAQCU?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  50. ^ "GeoNames Query -Nass Bay: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBXFH?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  51. ^ "GeoNames Query North Bentinck Arm: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBEJV?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  52. ^ "GeoNames Query Nugent Sound: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBVQX?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  53. ^ "GeoNames Query Observatory Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCNQP?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  54. ^ Ruble, Shirley (1995 - 2008). "Cruising the North Coast of British Columbia". Portland Inlet and Portland Canal (Stewart and Hyder):. Interactive Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bcadventure.com/adventure/boating/north/cruznorth.html. Retrieved 2008-11-09.   Observatory Inlet goes inland towards Eagle Cove, Perry Cove, Alice Arm Settlement, Hastings Arm and the ghost town of Anyox.
  55. ^ Ruble, Shirley (1995 - 2008). "Cruising the North Coast of British Columbia". Portland Inlet and Portland Canal (Stewart and Hyder):. Interactive Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bcadventure.com/adventure/boating/north/cruznorth.html. Retrieved 2008-11-09.   Pearl Harbour or Port Simpson are settlements along Portland Inlet. The Portland Inlet takes you by the Tongass Passage Nass River mouth, the Observatory Inlet, Alice Arms and into Hastings Arm.
  56. ^ Ruble, Shirley (September 19, 2007). 145903&SearchSource= Main&Ship= 2 "Princess Louisa Inlet, British Columbia, Sechelt, Canada". Daily Expedition Reports From the Sea Bird in the Pacific Northwest. 2007 Lindblad Expeditions & National Geographic. http://www.expeditions.com/DER_Details113.asp?DailyReport= 145903&SearchSource= Main&Ship= 2. Retrieved 2008-11-09.   Jervis Inlet is a long fjord encompassing Prince of Wales Reach and Queens Reach... Princess Louisa Inlet.
  57. ^ a b Golden, L (1998 - 2008.). "The Prince Rupert Harbour Complex". Based on the book Title:"Biophysical Suitability of the North Coast and Queen Charlotte Islands Regions of British Columbia for Salmonid Farming in Net Cages" MAFF (1992). http://www.e-princerupert.com/nature/Prince_Rupert_Harbour_sys.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-09.   The very immense, Prince Rupert Harbour, is a complex of basins or channel waterways and sills. In alphabetical order the channels, and their respective sills are:
    • Fern Passage (29 m (95 ft), surrounded by sills of 7 m (23 ft) and 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in))
    • Kloiya Bay (23.5 m (77 ft) depth, Denise Inlet (39 m (130 ft))
    • Morse Basin (7 m (23 ft) depth, silled off)
    • Porpoise Channel (51 m (170 ft) depth across Flora Bank, 20 m (66 ft) outside sill* Porpoise Harbour (25 m (82 ft)) depth
    • Prince Rupert Main Harbour (91 m (300 ft) depth, with 3 entrance sills -each 38 m (120 ft))
    • Tuck Inlet, is "silled-off" fjord (80 m (260 ft) depth, with entrance sill of 10.5 m (34 ft))* Upper Harbour (60 m (200 ft) depth, with entrance sill of 45 m (150 ft))
    • Venn Passage around the north end of Digby Island (22 m (72 ft) depth contained by several wide sills of 4.9 m (16 ft), 3 m (9.8 ft), 6.4 m (21 ft) and 6.1 m (20 ft))
    • Wainwright Basin (5.7 m (19 ft), with sills of 3.7 m (12 ft), 9.1 m (30 ft) and 0.9 m (2 ft 11 in))
  58. ^ Ruble, Shirley (2008). "Princess Louisa Inlet, British Columbia, Sechelt, Canada". Hotel Reviews, Hotel Ratings. TravelPost.com, part of the SideStep Network. http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Canada/British_Columbia/Sechelt/entry/89380. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  Chatterbox Falls is listed at List of waterfalls in Canada as having a 37 metres (120 ft). It empties into Princess Louisa Inlet.
  59. ^ 308 "Earls Cove, British Columbia, Canada". Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.vancouverisland.com/regions/towns/?townid= 308. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  Jervis Inlet, proceeds inland to Hotham Sound, Agamemnon Channel, Sechelt Inlet, Prince of Wales Reach, Princess Royal Reach, and into Queens Reach.
  60. ^ Austin, William C. (15–19 February 1999). "Rare and Endangered Marine Invertebrates in British Columbia" (pdf). Marine Ecology Station and Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. Proc. Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk, Kamloops, B.C.,. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bl04austin.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  61. ^ "BRITISH COLUMBIA MARINE ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION: MARINE ...". Individual Thematic Analysis. Province of British Columbia. 1997. http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/risc/pubs/coastal/marine/marineecoclass-results.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  62. ^ 2 "Egmont, British Columbia, Canada". Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.vancouverisland.com/Regions/towns/?townID= 2. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  63. ^ 3936 "Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, Canada". Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.britishcolumbia.com/regions/towns/?townID= 3936. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  64. ^ "GeoNames Query -Saanich Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAXMG?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  65. ^ "GeoNames Query -Salmon Inlet: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JAYKO?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  66. ^ Riveiros, Natalia Vázquez; R. Timothy Patterson (2005-2006). "AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO FJORD FORAMINIFERA FROM THE SEYMOUR-BELIZE ...". Forams from BC. Plain-Language & Multilingual Abstracts. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2008_1/145/abstracts.html. Retrieved 2008-11-07.  The Sechelt Inlet complex (British Columbia, Canada), Including Narrows Inlet and Salmon Inlet. Narrows Inlet (14 km (8.7 mi)) is separated from the main inlet system by a shallow sill (11 m (36 ft)) at Tzoonie Narrows.
  67. ^ Riveiros, Natalia Vázquez; R. Timothy Patterson (2005-2006). "AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO FJORD FORAMINIFERA FROM THE SEYMOUR-BELIZE ...". Forams from BC. Plain-Language & Multilingual Abstracts. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2008_1/145/abstracts.html. Retrieved 2008-11-07.  
  68. ^ "GeoNames Query -Skookumchuck Narrows: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBMIK?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  69. ^ "GeoNames Query -Telegraph Passage: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCCVA?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  70. ^ 4093 "Toba Inlet, British Columbia, Canada". Shangaan Webservices Inc.. 1998 - 2008. http://www.vancouverisland.com/Regions/towns/?townID= 4093. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  71. ^ "GeoNames Query - Ursula Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCKMT?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  72. ^ "GeoNames Query - Wakeman Sound: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBSKB?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  73. ^ "Western Brook Pond". World Lakes Database. http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-31.html. Retrieved 2008-03-05.  
  74. ^ Whidbey Reach in the BC Geographical Names Information System
  75. ^ "GeoNames Query - Whidbey Reach: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JBLNP?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  
  76. ^ "GeoNames Query - Work Channel: Query Record Details". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-11-09. http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english?JCLBW?C. Retrieved 2008-11-09.  

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